Forces and means of air defense of the armed forces of the Arab countries. Russian Air Defense: Prospects and Challenges
Today marks the centenary of the formation of the anti- air defense ground forces.
The beginning of the formation of units military air defense served as the order of General Alekseev - Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander of December 13 (26), 1915 No. 368, which announced the formation of separate four-gun light batteries for firing at air fleet. According to the Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of February 9, 2007 No. 50, December 26 is considered the date of creation of military air defense.
1. Launcher 9A83 ZRK S-300V - long-range universal anti-aircraft system Air defense SV with the possibility of missile defense theater
August 16, 1958 by order (No. 0069) of the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal Soviet Union R. Ya. Malinovsky, air defense troops were created ground forces- a branch of the armed forces that has become an integral part of the Ground Forces. 
2. combat vehicles SAM "Tor-M2U" provide multi-channel shelling of air targets, including elements of the WTO
In 1997, in order to improve the leadership of the air defense forces, the air defense troops of the Ground Forces, formations, military units and air defense units of the Coastal Forces of the Navy, military units and air defense units of the Airborne Forces, as well as formations and military units of the air defense reserve of the Supreme Commander were merged into military air defense troops Armed Forces Russian Federation.
3. ZRPK "Tunguska-M1" ensures the destruction of air and ground targets in the near zone
Air defense troops of the Ground Forces (Air Defense SV) - a branch of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation, designed to cover troops and objects from the actions of enemy air attack weapons when conducting operations (combat operations) by combined arms formations and formations, regrouping (march) and deployed on the spot . It is necessary to distinguish the Air Defense Troops from the Air Defense Forces (VKO brigades) of the Air Force and VVKO, which until 1998 were part of an independent branch of the Armed Forces - the Air Defense Forces of the country (Air Defense of the USSR and Air Defense of the Russian Federation).
The Air Defense Forces of the SV are entrusted with the following main tasks:
- combat duty for air defense;
- conducting reconnaissance of an air enemy and alerting the covered troops;
- destruction of enemy air attack means in flight;
- participation in the management missile defense in theaters of war.
4. PU 9A83 ZRK S-300V
5. BM SAM "Tor-M2U"
6. SOU SAM "Buk-M1-2"
7. ZRPK "Tunguska-M1" firing from anti-aircraft guns
8. BM ZRK "Osa-AKM"
9. BM ZRK "Strela-10M3"
10. ROM ZRK "Buk-M2"
12. SOU and ROM SAM "Buk-M2"
13. ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"
14. BM ZRK "Strela-10"
15. BM ZRK "Strela-1"
16. PU SAM "Cube"
17. PU SAM "Circle"
18. ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"
18. PU SAM "Kub-M3"
19. BM ZRK "Tor-M2U"
20. SOU SAM "Buk-M2"
Air defense is a set of steps and b / actions of troops to combat enemy air attack means in order to avert (reduce) losses among the population, damage to objects and military groups from air strikes. To repel (disrupt) attacks (strike) of an air enemy, air defense systems are formed.
The full air defense complex covers systems:
- Reconnaissance of an air enemy, notification actions about him by troops;
- Fighter Air Force Screening;
- Anti-aircraft missile and artillery barrier;
- EW organizations;
- masking;
- Managerial, etc.
Air defense happens:
- Zonal - to protect certain areas within which cover objects are located;
- Zonal-objective - for combining zonal air defense with a direct barrier of especially important objects;
- Object - for the defense of individual especially important objects.
The world experience of wars has turned air defense into one of the most important components in combined arms combat. In August 1958, the air defense forces of the ground forces were formed, and later the military air defense of the RF Armed Forces was organized from them.
Until the end of the fifties, the air defense of the SV were equipped with anti-aircraft artillery systems of that time, as well as specially designed transportable anti-aircraft guns. missile systems. Along with this, in order to reliably cover the troops in combat operations of a mobile form, it was necessary to have highly mobile and highly effective air defense systems, due to the increase in the b / capabilities of air attack weapons.
Along with the fight against tactical aircraft, the air defense forces of the ground forces were also struck combat helicopters, unmanned and remotely piloted aircrafts, cruise missiles, as well as strategic aviation enemy.
In the mid-seventies, the organization of the first generation of anti-aircraft missile weapons of the air defense forces was completed. The troops received the latest air defense missiles and the famous Krugi, Kuba, Wasp-AK, Strela-1 and 2, Shilka, new radars and many other state-of-the-art equipment at that time. formed anti-aircraft missile systems almost all aerodynamic targets were easily hit, so they took part in local wars and armed conflicts.
By that time, the latest means of air attacks were already rapidly developing and improving. These were tactical, operational-tactical, strategic ballistic missiles and precision weapons. Unfortunately, the weapons systems of the first generation of the air defense forces did not provide solutions to the tasks of covering military groups from attacks with these weapons.
There is a need to develop and apply systems approaches to the argumentation of the classification and properties of weapons of the second generation. It was necessary to create weapons systems balanced in terms of classifications and types of objects to be struck and the list of air defense systems combined into single system control, equipped with radar reconnaissance, communications and technical equipment. And such weapons systems were created. In the eighties, the air defense forces were fully provided with S-300V, Tors, Bukami-M1, Strelami-10M2, Tunguska, Needles and the latest radars.
Changes have taken place in anti-aircraft missile and anti-aircraft missile and artillery units, units and formations. They have become integral components in combined arms formations from battalions to front-line formations and have become a unified air defense system in military districts. This increased the effectiveness of combat applications in the groupings of air defense forces of military districts and ensured the power of fire action against the enemy with a high density of fire from anti-aircraft guns, layered at altitudes and at ranges.
In the late nineties, in order to improve command, in the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces, formations, military units and air defense units of the Coast Guard of the Navy, military units and air defense units of the Airborne Forces, in the formations and military units of the Air Defense Reserve of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, changes took place. They were united in the military air defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Military air defense missions
Formations and units of military air defense carry out the tasks entrusted to them for interaction with the forces and means of the Armed Forces and the Navy.
The following tasks are assigned to military air defense:
In peacetime:
- Measures to maintain the air defense forces of military districts, formations, units and subunits of the Air Defense of the Coast Guard of the Navy, units and subunits of the air defense of the Airborne Forces in combat readiness for advanced deployments and reflections, together with the forces and means of air defense of the types of the RF Armed Forces attacks by means of air attacks;
- Carrying out second-hand duty within the zone of operation of military districts and in common systems air defense of the state;
- The sequence of building up combat strengths in air defense formations and units that perform tasks on combat duty when the highest degrees of b / readiness are introduced.
In wartime:
- Measures for complex, echeloned in depth cover from attacks by means of air attacks by the enemy on groupings of troops, military districts (fronts) and military facilities throughout the depth of their operational formations, while interacting with air defense forces and means and other types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Armed Forces;
- Direct cover measures, which include combined arms formations and formations, as well as formations, units and subunits of the Coast Guard of the Navy, formations and units of the Airborne Forces, rocket troops and artillery in the form of groupings, aviation airfields, command posts, the most important rear facilities in areas of concentration, during advances, occupation of these zones and during operations (b / actions).
Directions for the improvement and development of military air defense
Today, the air defense troops of the SV are the main and most numerous component of the military air defense of the RF Armed Forces. They are united by a harmonious hierarchical structure with the inclusion of front-line, army (corps) complexes of air defense forces, as well as air defense units, motorized rifle (tank) divisions, motorized rifle brigades, air defense units, motorized rifle and tank regiments, battalions.
Air defense forces in military districts have air defense formations, units and subunits, which have at their disposal anti-aircraft weapons of various purposes and potentials. missile systems/complexes.
They are connected by reconnaissance and information complexes and control complexes. This makes it possible, under certain circumstances, to form effective multifunctional air defense systems. Until now, the weapons of the Russian military air defense are among the best on the planet.
To the most important areas in the improvement and development of military air defense in total include:
- Optimization of organizational and staff structures in the governing bodies, formations and air defense units, in accordance with the assigned tasks;
- Modernization in anti-aircraft missile systems and complexes, intelligence equipment in order to extend the terms of operation and their integration into a single air defense system in the state and in the Armed Forces, endowing them with the functions of non-strategic anti-missile weapons in theaters of military operations;
- Development and maintenance of a unified technical policy to reduce the types of weapons, military equipment, their unification and avoidance of duplication in development;
- Provision of advanced air defense weapon systems with the latest automated control, communications, active, passive and other non-traditional types of intelligence activities, multifunctional anti-aircraft missile systems and and air defense systems of new generation using the criteria of "efficiency - cost - feasibility";
- Conducting a complex of collective used training of military air defense with other troops, taking into account the upcoming combat missions and the characteristics of the areas of deployment, while concentrating the main efforts in the preparation of formations, units and subunits of high-readiness air defense;
- Formation, provision and training of reserves for a flexible response to changing circumstances, strengthening of air defense force groupings, replenishment of losses personnel, weapons and military equipment;
- Improving the training of officers in the structure of the military training system, increasing the level of their fundamental (basic) knowledge and practical training and consistency in the transition to continuous military education.
It is planned that in the near future the aerospace defense system will occupy one of the leading directions in the strategic defense of the state and in the Armed Forces, will become one of constituent parts, and in the future - it will become almost the main deterrent in unleashing wars.
Air defense systems are one of the fundamental in the aerospace defense system. To date, military air defense units are able to effectively resolve the tasks of anti-aircraft and, to some extent, non-strategic anti-missile defensive measures in groupings of troops along operational-strategic directions. As practice shows, tactical exercises with the use of live fire, all available means of Russian military air defense are able to hit cruise missiles.
Air defense in the air defense system of the state and in its Armed Forces tend to grow in proportion to the increase in the threat of air attacks. When resolving the tasks of the aerospace defense, it will be necessary to coordinate the general use of the various types of air defense forces and missile and space defense in operational-strategic areas as the most effective than separate. This will happen as a result of the possibility of combining force with the advantages of various types of weapons and mutual compensation for their shortcomings and weaknesses with a single plan and under one command.
Improving air defense systems is impossible without further modernization of existing weapons, re-equipment of air defense forces in military districts with the most modern air defense systems and air defense systems, with deliveries latest systems automated control and communication.
The main direction in the development of Russian air defense systems today is:
- Continue development work to create highly effective weapons that will have quality indicators that could not be surpassed by foreign counterparts for 10-15 years;
- To create a promising multifunctional system of armaments of military air defense. This will give impetus to create a flexible organizational and staffing structure for the performance of specific b/tasks. Such a system must be integrated with the main weapons of the ground forces, and act in an integrated manner with other types of troops in the course of solving air defense tasks;
- Implement automated control complexes with robotization and artificial intelligence, to reflect further build-up of enemy capabilities and increase the effectiveness of second-hand applications by air defense forces;
- Provide models of air defense weapons with electron-optical devices, television systems, thermal imagers in order to ensure the combat capability of air defense systems and air defense systems in conditions of intense interference, which will make it possible to minimize the dependence of air defense systems on the weather;
- Make extensive use of passive location and electronic warfare equipment;
- Reorient the concept of the prospects for the development of weapons and military equipment for air defense, carry out a radical modernization of existing weapons and military equipment in order to give a significant increase in performance combat use at low cost.
Air Defense Day
Air Defense Day is a memorable day in the RF Armed Forces. It is celebrated every year, every second Sunday in April, in accordance with the Decree Russian President dated May 31, 2006.
For the first time this holiday was determined by the Presidium Supreme Council USSR in the Decree of February 20, 1975. It was established for the outstanding merits that the air defense forces of the Soviet state showed during the Second World War, as well as for the fact that they carried out especially important tasks in peacetime. It was originally celebrated on April 11, but in October 1980 Air Defense Day was moved to be celebrated every second Sunday in April.
The history of establishing the date of the holiday is connected with the fact that, in fact, in the days of April, the most important resolutions of the Government on the organization of air defense of the state were adopted, which became the basis for the construction of air defense systems, determined organizational structure troops included in it, their formation and further development.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that as the threat of air attacks increases, the role and importance of military air defense will only increase, which has already been confirmed by time.
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The technical parameters of the complexes and systems of the aerospace defense make it possible to organize a reliable cover for the troops, the most important objects government controlled, industry, energy and transport.
2016 turned out to be a “fruitful” year for news about air defense systems that are being put into service under the State Armaments Program (GPV-2020 ). Many experts and military specialists call them the best among existing systems air defense. Russian concern VKO Almaz-Antey - the leading developer and manufacturer of complexes and systems of aerospace defense, does not stop there, has begun to develop anti-aircraft missile fifth generation systems, creates scientific and technical touched on the future.
The Arsenal of the Fatherland magazine in 2016 devoted a number of articles to the topic of air defense, starting with the history of its creation (see "Military Academy in the 100-year history of military air defense" in No. 1 (21) 2016), spoke about the basics combat use military air defense (see "Military air defense: basics of combat use" in No. 4 (24) 2016) and military air defense systems of the armies of the world (see "Military air defense systems of the armies of the world" in No. 3 (23) 2016).
Such attention to this species defense is given for a reason. The fact is that within the framework of the 2008 military doctrine air defense systems and complexes occupy one of the key places in the defense construction and modernization of the Russian army.
The intermediate results of building a modern layered air defense were discussed at the XXIV Military Scientific Conference of the Military Air Defense, held in May 2016 in Smolensk. In the report of the head of the military air defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Lieutenant General Leonov A.P. “Development of the theory and practice of using military air defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in modern conditions"It was noted that the combat potential of military air defense has increased significantly with the supply of the latest high-performance anti-aircraft missile systems and complexes. These are, first of all, the S-300V4 air defense system, the Buk-M2 / M3 air defense system and the Tor-M2 / M2U air defense system. These systems differ from their predecessors in higher noise immunity and effectiveness in destroying various air attack weapons (AAS), multi-channel, increased rate of fire and increased anti-aircraft missile ammunition.
Doctor of Military Sciences, Lieutenant General Gavrilov A.D. in the article “Military air defense: the basics of combat use” noted the following: “No matter how highly effective technical means the air defense system possesses, the achievement of the tasks set is achieved by the skillful combat use of formations, units and subunits in battle and operations. The entire 100-year history of the existence of military air defense testifies to the high level of professionalism of commanders and headquarters, the awareness of personal responsibility by each anti-aircraft gunner for the task of protecting the peaceful sky.
Development and production of high-performance equipment in parallel with participation in the training of personnel military units air defense is hallmark practical work Russian defense association - Concern VKO Almaz-Antey.
The results of the work of Almaz-Antey
In November 2016, Almaz-Antey summed up the results of the year. As part of the fulfillment of the tasks of the state defense order (GOZ), the Ministry of Defense received five regiments of S-400 Triumph air defense systems, three air defense divisions medium range"Buk-M2", four divisions of short-range air defense systems "Tor-M2", brigade set the latest air defense systems Buk-M3, as well as a number of different radars. In addition, in the outgoing year, Almaz-Antey specialists carried out the necessary service activities for the maintenance and repair of more than two thousand units of weapons, military and special equipment (AMSE) previously transferred to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and also delivered simulators for training combat crews of complexes air defense.
“Already now, the annual tasks for the supply of basic weapons have been completed by 70 percent, and in terms of the purchase of missiles and ammunition - by more than 85 percent.
The troops received over 5.5 thousand units of weapons and military equipment, including more than 60 new and 130 modernized aircraft and helicopters, a multi-purpose submarine, more than 60 anti-aircraft missile systems and complexes, 55 radar stations, 310 new and 460 modernized tanks and armored vehicles”- noted in his speech the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, President of Russia Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin at the Meeting with the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Defense, federal departments and enterprises of the defense industry, which was held on November 15, 2016 in Sochi.
At the same meeting, the Concern's contribution to ensuring the security of the Khmeimim air base and the Tartus naval base was noted, after the deployment of the S-400 air defense system and the S-300V4 air defense system. According to the Minister of Defense of Russia, General of the Army Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu, these systems reliably protect our bases in Syria both from the sea and from land. In addition, the Concern's specialists restored the Syrian S-200 air defense systems.
The concern continued work on the supply of modernized and the latest complexes Air defense S-300V4 air defense systems, Buk-M3 air defense systems and Tor-M2U air defense systems. Without going into enumeration specifications of these complexes, we will briefly highlight their key features.
ZRS S-300V4
This air defense system is a deep modernization of the S-300 complex, which has been produced by the enterprises of the Almaz-Antey Concern since 1978. The 9 M83VM heavy missile of the modernized S-300V4 is capable of Mach 7.5 and can hit air targets at a distance of up to 400 kilometers. The "small" missile has a range of up to 150 km. The defeat of all existing and prospective means of aerospace attack, including tactical ones, is ensured. ballistic missiles(at a distance of up to 200 km). In general, the combat effectiveness of the S-300V4 has increased by 2.3 times compared to previous generations of the S-300.
Another feature of the system is increased mobility. Elements of the S-300V4 are placed on a tracked chassis, which allows for maneuver and deployment in the operational formation of formations, march and combat order of the formations of the Ground Forces off-road, on rough terrain.
The anti-aircraft missile division is capable of simultaneously firing up to 24 targets, directing 48 missiles at them. The rate of fire of each launcher is 1.5 seconds. The entire complex is transferred from standby to combat mode in 40 seconds, and the deployment time from the march takes 5 minutes. Ammunition division 96-192 anti-aircraft missiles.
According to data from open sources, one of the first S-300V4s was received by the recently formed 77th separate anti-aircraft missile brigade of the Southern Military District, based in the Krasnodar Territory. In the fall of 2016, the S-300V4 air defense system was relocated to Syria at the Khmeimim airbase to strengthen the air defense potential Russian group VKS.
SAM Buk-M3
The Buk-M3 target detection station (SOC) now accompanies up to 36 targets at a distance of up to 70 kilometers in the entire altitude range. The new 9R31M missile (9M³17M) has higher speed and maneuverability compared to the Buk-M2 missiles. It is placed in a transport and launch container (TLC), which provides additional protection for the missile and improves the camouflage characteristics of the launcher. The number of missiles on one launcher has increased from 4 to 6. In addition, 9A316M transport and launchers can also hit targets, they carry 12 missiles in the TPK.
The Buk-M3 equipment is built on a new element base, digital communications ensure a stable exchange of speech and combat information, as well as integration into the ESU TK air defense.
The Buk-M3 air defense system intercepts almost all modern air defense systems that fly at speeds up to 3000 m / s, thereby exceeding the capabilities of the Patriot air defense system (USA) by almost two times. In addition, the "American" is inferior to the "Buk" in the parameter of the lower limit of shelling targets (60 meters versus 10 meters) and in the duration of the target detection cycle on distant approaches. The Buk-M3 manages this in 10 seconds, and the Patriot in 90 seconds, while it requires target designation from a reconnaissance satellite.
SAM Tor-M2U
Tor-M2U short-range air defense missiles effectively destroy targets flying at extremely low, low and medium altitudes at speeds up to 700 m/s, including in the conditions of a massive airborne attack and active opposition to enemy electronic warfare.
The SOC of the complex can detect and track up to 48 targets at a distance of up to 32 kilometers. The launcher of the complex can simultaneously fire at 4 targets at an azimuth equal to 3600, i.e. round. A feature of the Tor-M2U air defense system is the fact that combat work it can drive on the go, at speeds up to 45 km/h. Modern equipment "Torah" automatically determines the ten most dangerous targets, the operator only needs to give a command to defeat them. Moreover, our latest "Tor-M2U" detects aircraft created using stealth technology.
Battery SAM "Tor-M2U" consists of six launchers, which can exchange combat information with each other in automatic mode. Thus, receiving information from one launcher, the rest can repel a massive AOS attack from any direction. Retargeting time takes no more than 5 seconds.
The reaction of Western "partners" to the development of the East Kazakhstan region of Russia
The successes of the Russian air defense, which operates the products of the Almaz-Antey Aerospace Defense Concern, have long disturbed the minds of the military leaders of the NATO countries. In the early 2000s, they did not believe that Russia could create effective complexes Air Defense and continued to purchase from the enterprises of the defense industry of their countries "reliable and time-tested" means of air attack (AOS). Development of new aviation complexes, such as the fifth-generation F-35 fighter and the promising B-21 bomber, were moving at a leisurely pace.
The first alarms for NATO members sounded after 2010, when the revival began military power Russia. Since 2012, military exercises have become much more frequent, and new military air defense systems were actively involved in these exercises. They regularly hit complex, high-speed and maneuvering targets with 100% results, at extreme ranges and without the involvement of additional target designation tools.
Thanks to the S-400 and S-300V4 air defense systems, the long-range engagement line at the operational-tactical level has increased to 400 kilometers, which means that modern and promising AOS of NATO countries are guaranteed to fall into the zone of fire of Russian air defense systems. NATO generals sounded the alarm. At the same time, purely defensive air defense systems in Western media characterized as "aggressive". True, there were also more pragmatic assessments.
In 2015, American military expert Tyler Rogoway discussed countering Russian air defense systems on his Foxtrot Alpha blog. In particular, he paid much attention to work at a safe distance outside the reach of weapons: “The capabilities of air defense detection devices (of Russia - author's note) are only getting better, as well as the radius of destruction of ground-to-air missiles. Therefore, it may be necessary to use long-range stealth missiles, combined into one information network.
Or long-range stealth aircraft and other techniques, including suppression (at a distance), to weaken and eventually destroy the air defense system. As a result, working outside the reach of the enemy's weapons, you can weaken his air defense. Then, for example, you can fly up close and use a fighter with medium-range stealth missiles, instead of launching long-range missiles. At the same time, conventional (non-stealth) aircraft can attack with long-range missiles, thus freeing up space for the stealth aircraft to attack. And drones - decoys with electronic warfare equipment on board, can be used together with attacking combat units to go deeper into enemy territory, disabling air defenses along the way.
In addition to the widespread use of "stealth technologies", the Americans rely on electronic warfare and electronic warfare. For example, naval forces The US is working on creating a countermeasures method modern systems Air defense with radars equipped with a phased antenna array (PAR), such as the S-400 or the Chinese air defense system FD-2000. They are going to equip the EA-18G Growler aircraft (electronic warfare aircraft based on the F / A-18 Super Hornet) with Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) electronic countermeasure systems. It is assumed that such electronic warfare systems will allow American attack aircraft to destroy enemy targets without the risk of being noticed by anti-aircraft missile systems, an American magazine reported in October 2016. The National interest.
Development new version NGJ is being handled by Raytheon, which has already received a one billion dollar contract from the US Department of Defense.
American experts believe that electronic warfare complex will be able to jam signals at any frequencies in which the PAR operates, and that this will be enough to be able to attack without hindrance Russian systems air defense. According to plans, the NGJ should enter service in 2021.
The military-industrial complex of the NATO countries in the next 5-10 years intends to develop means of overcoming and suppressing our air defense systems. However, the scientific and technical groundwork implemented in air defense systems by the enterprises of the Concern VKO Almaz-Antey makes it possible to neutralize the efforts of Western specialists.
Prospects for the development of air defense systems in Russia
The fourth generation of ACS air defense
Currently, automated command and control systems for troops (ACCS), air defense forces and means (ACS) are at the fourth technological stage of development. In the context of the transience of an enemy AOS attack, modern air defense cannot be effective without automated control systems for forces and assets.
This stage of rearmament is taking place in the context of organizational and staffing changes in the structure of the control system of the Russian Armed Forces. The requirements for efficiency, continuity, stability and secrecy of command and control are being tightened, new combat and information means for air defense systems, IA, RTV and electronic warfare with higher capabilities are being developed and put into service.
Enterprises of Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey" are already supplying military establishment systems and complexes that are integrated with ACS and ESU TK, information from which is sent to the National Center for Defense Control (NTsUO RF).
Currently, the means and complexes that provide information interaction are undergoing a stage of field testing from the level of an anti-aircraft missile division to the air defense automated control system of the district. Numerous military and command-staff exercises make it possible to identify " weak spots» information exchange, which are transformed into specific technical specifications for their elimination and are sent to the Concern's enterprises. This allows you to quickly and efficiently make changes to the manufactured kits and carry out work on the modernization of existing air defense systems.
Fifth generation SAM
In addition to improving information interaction systems, in the near future, fifth-generation air defense systems will begin to enter service with the anti-aircraft missile forces. We are talking, first of all, about the continuation of the line of medium-range air defense systems "Buk", developed by NIIP them. Tikhomirov (part of the Almaz-Antey Concern).
Here is how they are characterized by a military expert, a member of the Board of Experts Russian military-industrial complex, editor-in-chief of our magazine Viktor Ivanovich Murakhovsky: “If we talk about the principles on which the next generation systems will be developed, then, in my opinion, they will combine the properties of fire systems, primarily the ability to fire targets, and electronic weapons . Those functions that we now have are divided between air defense and complexes electronic warfare, will be integrated into one system.
And secondly, the fifth generation air defense systems are waiting for almost complete automation and robotization of all cycles of reconnaissance, control and fire destruction. In fact, a person will only make a decision - to open a cycle of fire damage or not.
The Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern has already reported that the fifth-generation medium-range air defense system will be able to be deeply integrated into a single layered air defense system.
Interaction with the Russian Aerospace Forces
The layered air defense system of Russia, in addition to the electronic warfare and electronic warfare systems, will actively interact with aviation strike and reconnaissance complexes of the Russian Aerospace Forces. We are talking about the interaction of the air defense ACS and the Postscript ACS.
The Postscript ACS is a unique information system that transmits all information about the air and ground enemy to the fighter aircraft. Information about all objects and targets located in the area of the combat zone of the aircraft is received in real time. At the same time, the aircraft will receive information not only from early warning aircraft (AWACS), but also from ground-based air defense radar stations, as well as from ground-based RTR systems of the ground forces.
Brief conclusions
The results of the work of the Almaz-Antey Concern in 2016 are generally assessed as successful. The plans for the supply of equipment and the requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation are being fulfilled, which does not exclude "work on the bugs" that are inevitably revealed during intensive testing and military operation of air defense systems, including in combat conditions. Next year, taking into account the prospects for the development of NATO countries' air defense forces, the intense tasks of fulfilling the state defense order and creating a scientific and technical reserve, the management and staff of the Concern will have to go through a difficult path. There is no doubt that the tasks set will be completed successfully, which is guaranteed by the glorious traditions of the Almaz-Antey East Kazakhstan Concern.
Alexey Leonkov
The military formations of the military air defense are designed to cover the groupings of troops and objects of the military rear, important infrastructure facilities of the state, located in the zone of responsibility of the combined arms commander. In the context of the rapid development of the means of aerospace attack of the armies of foreign states, formations, military units and air defense units have become an integral integral part combined arms formations from the tactical to the operational-strategic level.
In the modern Armed Forces, there are more than 90 formations, military units and air defense units of the SV. As shown by the practical actions of the troops at the training grounds, the level of training of soldiers and officers has grown significantly, especially in practical terms.
The basis of the armament system of military air defense is anti-aircraft missile systems and complexes (air defense systems and air defense systems) "S-300V3", "Buk-M2", "Tor-M1", "Osa-AKM", "Tunguska-M1", MANPADS "Igla" . The main means of automated control are the complex of automation equipment (KSA) "Polyana-D4M1", designed to equip command posts of military districts, armies, anti-aircraft missile brigades in mobile and stationary versions, as well as a single KSA "Barnaul-T" - to equip units Air defense of individual motorized rifle (tank) brigades.
Reconnaissance assets include mobile radar stations(radar) of the duty mode "Sky-SV", "Sky-SVU" and the combat mode "Ginger", "Overview", "Dome", as well as portable radars "Harmon". Currently, research and development work is being carried out to create a new generation of air defense weapons. The basic directions of the technological basis of such works are microelectronics, informatics and robotics.
The modernization of the S-300V air defense system made it possible to increase the range of destruction of aerodynamic air targets up to 400 km, covered areas from strikes of operational-tactical and tactical missiles(OTR and TR) by 3-4 times, and the defeat of OTR and medium-range ballistic missiles with a launch range of up to 3500 km.
The air defense forces of the SV will soon receive a modified Buk-M2 complex, which, while maintaining the same number of combat assets, increases the number of simultaneously fired air targets for the division from 6 to 24, the area of covered objects and troops - 2.5 times, the possibility of hitting TR from launch range up to 150-200 km. Work is being completed on the creation of a new medium-range air defense system, which will surpass its predecessor by several times in terms of the range of destruction, the number of simultaneously hit targets and the speed of destruction.
In 2011, the Air Defense Forces of the SV received a new modification of the Tor-M2U air defense system, which today, according to the characteristics of the simultaneous firing of four air targets by one combat vehicle, is the only one in the world. Compared to the previous modification, it has a 1.5-fold increase in the parameters of the affected area in terms of height, speed and heading parameter.
In the interests of developing the command and control system, work is underway to create new unified command and control systems at various levels of command and control of troops and weapons. At the tactical level, the planned equipping of brigade sets of control means from the composition of the KSA "Barnaul-T" is underway, which in terms of basic characteristics corresponds to, and in terms of maneuverability, security, interchangeability of control means, and the time of setting a task for combat means exceeds foreign analogues. The time for passing commands (information) from the head of the air defense brigade to the air defense missile system (ADMC) is no more than 1 second.