Women in the Chinese army. Women in the Chinese Armed Forces (2016) Women in the Chinese Army

The armed forces of the People's Republic of China are the largest in the world. The size of the Chinese army is general structure is 2,480,000 people. In terms of total combat capabilities, they are still in third place after the United States and Russia. Includes: Air Force, Naval forces, Ground Forces, Strategic Missile Forces and People's Militia. The units are equipped with both modern and very outdated equipment. Due to the increased level of secrecy, quantitative estimates of the Chinese military equipment are often only approximate.

In 2010 a new one was started military reform, designed to increase the size and quality of the Chinese army. In 2019, there was a sharp jump in the combat effectiveness of the PRC Armed Forces. According to current Chinese military doctrine, measures are being taken to implement the so-called “access limitation principle.” It is designed to create restricted zones in China and nearby waters where they will not be able to conduct fighting even the US Armed Forces. Comprehensive measures are being implemented to create no-fly zones and counter aircraft-carrying strike groups. Much attention is paid to the development nuclear forces, as well as building up the space constellation and ensuring security in cyberspace.

Air Force

The number of air force personnel in the Chinese army in 2019 is 330 thousand people. The Chinese Air Force has a mixed fleet of modern and obsolete aircraft, an extensive network of airfields, including extremely fortified underground ones, located in mountain ranges. They use both Russian and own production, often resorting to illegal copying Russian technology. The Air Force also includes anti-aircraft missile forces.

Aviation is divided into the following main categories:

Strategic aviation

Strategic aviation is one of the components of the Chinese nuclear triad and is represented by 130 long-range Xian H-6 missile-carrying bombers, essentially modified copies of the obsolete Soviet Tu-16. Depending on the modification, the H-6 can carry from 2 to 6 cruise missiles with nuclear warheads. Presumably between 120 and 150 are deployed in Air Force units nuclear warheads strategic and tactical class, which is approximately a quarter of the total nuclear potential China. Unlike American and Russian aircraft strategic aviation, Chinese bombers have a much shorter range and payload, and are essentially not intercontinental.

Tactical aviation

The composition includes: fighter-bombers - 24 Su-30MK2, 73 Su-30 MKK, 43 Su-27SK, 32 Su-27UBK, 205 J-11 (Su-27 clone), 323 J-10, 120 JH-7, 4 FC-1, 12 J-20 (5th generation), as well as obsolete fighter-bombers and attack aircraft - 192 J-8 (modification based on the MiG-21), 528 J7 (Mig-21 clone), 120 Q- 5 (attack aircraft based on MiG-19), 32 multi-role helicopter Z-9, 200 attack helicopters Z-10 and Z-19, several dozen V-750 UAVs

The range of weapons is predominantly dominated by unguided weapons, although there is a fairly wide range of high-precision weapons, including guided bombs, anti-radar and anti-ship missiles, various air-to-ground and air-to-air missiles with active radar guidance. The great achievement of the Chinese defense industry is the launch of mass production fifth generation multirole fighter J-20.

Aircraft AWACS

The composition includes: 4 KJ-200, 2 KJ-500, 4 KJ-2000, 1 KJ 3000.

Chinese AWACS are built on modern components and generally meet the standards required for machines of this class, although there are some doubts about the quality of the phased array manufacturing and software.

Military transport and auxiliary aviation

The composition includes: 2 Xian Y-20, 16 Il-76 MD\TD, 1 Il-78, 4 Y-9, 61 Y-8 (An-12), 2 Boeing 737, as well as several dozen more middle-class transport aircraft and about 300 light An-2s, about 40 transport helicopters of Russian, domestic and French production.

On this moment The Chinese Air Force has a small number of heavy transport aircraft, so the ability to transport military equipment is very limited.

Anti-aircraft missile forces

There are about 120 divisions of air defense systems HQ-2, HQ-6, HQ-7, HQ-9, HQ-12, S-300 PMU in service. As an auxiliary force, the Chinese army has a large number of artillery anti-aircraft systems(more than 1100).

China's air defense system is an impressive force, with air defense systems predominantly located in the eastern coastal and central regions. Measures are underway to create a deeply layered air defense system and cover the complexes long range using air defense missile systems and short-range air defense systems.

Naval forces

The Chinese Navy today has significant combat potential and is the fastest growing type of military force. The number of naval personnel in the Chinese army as of 2019 is 290 thousand people. At the moment, the fleet is equipped entirely with the help of domestic shipbuilding companies, although copies purchased in Russia are still in service. Ships and submarines under construction are equipped with modern precision weapons various classes. The breakthrough of the Chinese industry in the field of electronics allows the introduction of modern BIUS in the fleet (only on destroyers pr 052D and 055), which are approaching in their functionality the capabilities of American system Aegis, as well as modern radar and anti-submarine equipment.

The fleet is divided into the following categories:

Fleet of guided missile ships

The composition includes: type 4 Kunming-class destroyers, Project 052D, 6 Lanzhou-class destroyers, Project 052C, 2 Type 051C destroyers, 1 Type 051B destroyer, 2 Type 052 destroyers, 16 Luida-class destroyers, Project 051, 4 Sovremenny-class destroyers: Project 956E and Project 956EM, 2 Jiangkai-class frigates, Project 054/054A, 10 Jiangwei-2 type frigates, Project 053H3, 4 Jiangwei-class frigates, Project 053H2G, 29 frigates of the Jianghu-1 type, Project 053, 28 corvettes of Project 056/056A, 83 missile boats of Project 022, 31 missile boats of Project 037, 25 missile boats of Project 024.

The large number of missile boats in the Navy makes it possible to effectively solve the tasks of the coast guard and counteract larger enemy ships in coastal waters. The extensive fleet of corvettes is mainly concentrated on anti-submarine missions. About a third of total number destroyers are modern. 4 destroyers pr 052 D (8 more are planned) are very innovative for the Chinese fleet and comparable to American destroyers"Arleigh Burke" type (without missile defense potential). Construction has begun on a series of even more advanced Project 055 destroyers, with 16 planned.

Submarine fleet

The composition includes: 4 SSBNs pr. 094 "Jin" (carrier of JL-2 SLBMs, 12 missiles per boat, range 7200 km), 1 SSBN pr. 092 "Xia" (carrier of JL-1 SLBMs, 12 missiles, range 1800 km), 4 MPLATRK pr. 093 “Shan”, 1 nuclear submarine pr. 097 “Kin”, 4 nuclear submarines pr. 091 “Han” (obsolete),

15 diesel-electric submarines pr. 041 "Yuan", 10 diesel-electric submarines pr. 636, 2 diesel-electric submarines pr. 877EKM, 13 diesel-electric submarines pr. 039 "Song" (039/039A/039G), 13 diesel-electric submarines pr. 633 "Romeo" (obsolete)

The Chinese Navy has one of the most powerful diesel-electric submarine fleets in the world (largely thanks to modern Russian Pr 636 boats). Due to their low noise, they pose a serious threat to the naval formations of any enemy, therefore the development of diesel-electric submarines in China is given Special attention as part of the “denial of access” strategy. The nuclear submarine fleet is actively developing, both in the field of creating multi-purpose boats and SSBNs. A significant part of the Chinese forces nuclear deterrence located on underwater platforms, being one of the components of the nuclear triad. In terms of low noise levels of nuclear submarines, there is still a noticeable lag behind the advanced models of the Russian and American fleets.

Landing fleet

The composition includes: 4 UDC of the "Qinchenshan" type, project 071, 25 BDK of the "Yukan" type, project 072, 15 SDK of the "Yudao" type, project 073, 4 MDK "Bison", 32 MDK of the "Yulin" type, project 079 , 10 MDK "Yuhai" type, pr. 074

The Chinese armed forces are actively increasing the number of marines, and landing ships of new designs are being laid down. Helicopter carriers pr 071 are the largest ships in the Chinese fleet after the Liaoning aircraft carrier. In general, the Chinese landing fleet has significant potential and is capable of landing quite large units Marine Corps.

Naval aviation

The Navy is armed with the only Chinese aircraft carrier "Liaoning" (converted Soviet "Varyag"), and has 24 Shenyang J-15 fighter aircraft, 4 Z-18J AWACS helicopters, 6 Z-18F anti-submarine helicopters, 2 Z search and rescue helicopters. -9C.

Airfield-based naval aviation includes: multi-role fighters - 24 Su-30MK2, 110 J-11/15/16 (clones of various versions of the Su-27), 24 J10; 230 obsolete fighters, bombers and attack aircraft J7, J8, Q5 (converted versions of MiG-19 and MiG-21), 36 N-6 long-range bombers, 19 Ka-28 helicopters, 27 Z-8 helicopters, 25 Z-9S helicopters, 9 Ka-31 helicopters.

Despite the fact that the PRC army maintains a large number of outdated equipment on its balance sheet, the naval aviation has 134 modern multi-role fighters capable of performing anti-ship warfare and air defense missions in large areas of coastal waters. The disadvantage of Chinese naval aviation is the lack of modern anti-submarine aircraft.

Ground forces

Number of land Chinese army for 2019 is about 870 thousand people. For a long time they were subordinate to the leadership of the central military council, and its chairman was one of the most influential figures in the PRC, but in 2015 a separate military command was created for the first time By ground forces. At the moment they represent the most powerful ground strike force in the region.

In service are: 3,400 Type-59/59-2/59D tanks (modifications of the Soviet T-54), 300 Type-79 tanks, 500 Type-88 tanks and modern ones: 2,200 Type-96/96A tanks, 40 Type-98A tanks , 750 type-99/99A tanks, 750 type-03/type 62/type 63A light tanks, 200 type-09 wheeled tanks: 1850 type-92/92A/92B infantry fighting vehicles, 1650 type-63 armored personnel carriers, 1500 type-89 armored personnel carriers , 400 armored personnel carrier ZBL-09, 100 armored personnel carrier WZ-523, 1820 self-propelled guns various modifications, 6340 towed guns and mortars, 1810 MLRS (BM-21, WS-2/WS-2D, WS-3), 1570 anti-aircraft guns, about 3000 MANPADS, several thousand HJ-8, HJ-73, AFT-20, Red Arrow ATGMs.

The power of Chinese artillery and the large number of Chinese ground forces in 2019 deserve special attention. The unique WS-2 and WS-3 MLRS systems are in service, significantly superior to Western and Russian analogues in terms of firing range and accuracy, closely approaching in their capabilities operational-tactical missile systems at a much lower cost. They provide hit accuracy with a CEP of 30 m at a distance of up to 200 km. It was on the basis of these complexes that the Belarusian MLRS Polonaise was created as part of military cooperation.

TO strengths can also be attributed to the introduction into ground forces ah 3rd generation ATGM (fire and forget principle) with optical and infrared guidance systems. At the moment, such systems can be mass-produced only in 5 countries (USA, Israel, China, Japan, South Korea) since they require high-tech production of uncooled thermal imaging matrices.

Nuclear missile forces

In China this type of force is official name"2nd Artillery Corps". Number personnel– approximately 110 thousand people. The actual size of this secret unit within the Chinese army remains a mystery. All data regarding this type of troops are approximate.

The total potential of China's nuclear forces is estimated at approximately 400-600 nuclear units of strategic and tactical classes. Of these, approximately 250 strategic class charges are distributed among the components of the triad. An extensive network of underground tunnels has been created for mobile ground-based ICBM platforms, both near Beijing and in various (mostly mountainous) regions of China, which significantly increases the secrecy and stability of nuclear forces from a possible first strike from the enemy.

The composition includes: ICBMs - 20 DF-5A, 28 DF-31A, 16 DF-31, 10 DF-4. IRBM - 2 DF-3A, 36 DF-21C, 80 DF-21. BRMD - 96 DF-15, 108 DF-11A, as well as 54 long-range missiles DH-10.

New ICBMs based on DF-31 modifications are typically placed on mobile ground platforms. It is assumed that there will be 3-4 nuclear units on one rocket. In addition to the listed types of missiles, the newest ICBM DF-41 is beginning to enter service, which is probably the first time in Chinese rocketry that multiple missiles have been used. combat unit for 10 individual guidance blocks. This means that China has achieved technological parity in rocket science with the US and Russia.

The rocket is truly unique medium range DF-21D with a maneuvering warhead and a guidance system that allows it to attack large moving targets (aircraft carrier class). It was created as part of the “access denial” strategy, implementing an extremely effective asymmetric response to US superiority in the field of naval weapons and AUG in particular. In fact, it is completely new class anti-ship missiles with record low flight times and a firing range of 1,750 km. According to Pentagon analysts, the appearance of such missiles could completely prevent the US fleet from entering the Taiwan Strait in the event of a conflict between China and Taiwan, and is also the first threat to the global dominance of the US Navy since the end of the Cold War.

People's Militia

The People's Militia of the People's Republic of China are paramilitary units internal troops(analogous to the National Guard). They are engaged in maintaining order in China, fighting terrorism, protecting important facilities and carrying out border service. By different estimates The size of the Chinese “internal” army in 2019 ranges from 1 to 1.5 million people.

Major A. Akimova

In the PRC, military affairs has long been considered a purely male occupation. For centuries, women were assigned only the role of homemakers and could not think about any military career. However, since 1927, when the first partisan detachments communist "Red Army", which later became the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), women began to be accepted into military service, which gave them the opportunity to join the Communist Party, and the presence of a party card opened up prospects for further career growth.

The expediency of accepting women into military service in China is also determined by such inherent qualities of the “weaker” sex as diligence, responsibility, discipline, perseverance and diligence in the study of military disciplines.

In addition, the decision to devote oneself to the army is influenced by socio-economic factors: high unemployment; insufficient material support; availability of social and economic benefits for military personnel, including the possibility of receiving earlier and increased pension benefits; opportunity for professional self-realization and career, etc.

Today, serving in the armed forces is considered a privilege among young people for both boys and girls.

According to the law on conscription Both men and women aged 18 to 22 years are subject to conscription for military service, and the period conscript service the same - two years. According to the Xinhua News Agency, the latter account for up to 7.5% of the total number of PLA troops.

Military personnel serve in the logistics, communications or medical services, as well as in the ground forces, air force, navy, NAM (people's armed militia), people's militia and troops special purpose. At the same time, the “weaker” sex is involved not only as translators and medical personnel, but also as radar operators, combat information and control systems, etc.

According to the Xinhua News Agency, women make up up to 7.5% of the PLA's total military personnel. Today, China is one of the countries with the highest number of female military personnel.

Thus, for the first time, female pilots appeared in transport aviation in 1952. On March 8 of the same year, a group with this composition made the first demonstration flight over Tiananmen Square in Beijing. Subsequently, the pilots participated in research test flights, emergency response, and air parades.

Since the 2000s, the Chinese Air Force began training female pilots for army aviation. Thus, in 2009, the first group of female Jianhong-7 fighter-bomber pilots was formed. The girls graduated from the PLA Air Force Flight Institute with the rank of Air Force Lieutenant.

In 1991, female military personnel first began serving in the Navy on one of the ships of the Southern Fleet, and in 2002 they took part in a trip around the world. Today, the “weaker” sex is included in the Marine Corps units, both combat and auxiliary ships where the cabins are different for him increased level comfort.

According to Chinese media, women have also served in the ranks of special forces since 1995. The PRC leadership made this decision in 1979, relying on the experience of the war in Vietnam, where Chinese units staffed with such personnel showed courage, heroism and diligence in carrying out their assigned tasks.

In 2013, the PLA formed its first all-female special forces unit. The training program for its personnel involves acquiring skills in handling small arms, driving a car, performing parachute jumps, mastering the basics of rock climbing. In addition, they are taught methods of self-defense and hand-to-hand combat, terrain orientation.

Selection for the new women's unit was carried out at 12 Chinese provinces. Candidates must have higher education, good physical training, they also had to pass an interview. Despite quite short period existence, these units have very high level training and can effectively solve any assigned tasks.

In 2009, a separate women's battalion The Iron Roses people's militia, consisting of about 350 people, took part in a military parade to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. For the first time, a female militia crew participated in the parade on the occasion of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1958.

Thus, the military-political leadership of the PRC, paying attention to the development of the PLA, attaches serious importance to its recruitment of female military personnel. This helps to increase the country’s defense capability and increase the professionalism of the national armed forces, as well as strengthen the morale of their personnel in the interests of maintaining the stability of the internal situation and countering external and internal threats.

Female soldier - yes or no? Still is controversial issue. Women are designed to care for children and provide comfort at home when their men are at war.

A woman warrior - from time immemorial this was only an exception to the rule, but today, in the 21st century, a woman policeman and a woman soldier have not surprised anyone for a long time.

2. Israeli military forces during training at a military base in southern Israel on February 12, 2007. REUTERS/Eliana Aponte

3. Israeli platoon leader Rachel Levanta undergoes a combat fitness test at a sports center near Netanya on February 22, 2007. REUTERS/Eliana Aponte

4. Special military training Police officers with men during a training session in Yinchuan, northwest China's Ningxia Hui Province, May 28, 2007. REUTERS/China Daily

Women members of the Philippine National Police show off their skills during a demonstration at police headquarters in Taguig, south of Manila on October 30, 2007. REUTERS/Romeo Ranoco

6. Female American soldiers walk along the Mogadishu beach with weapons, July 11, 1993. REUTERS/Dan Eldon

7. A policeman loads a pistol during a shooting competition among female police officers on the occasion of the upcoming International women's day in the Russian city of Stavropol, March 5, 2008. REUTERS/Eduard Korniyenko

8. Palestinian military women during a military show in Saladin, near Damascus July 15, 2010. REUTERS/ Khaled al-Hariri

9. North Korean female soldiers on the banks of the Yalu River near the North Korean city of Sinuiju, July 27, 2010. REUTERS / Jacky Chen

11. Female soldiers help each other apply lipstick before a military parade in Beijing, July 29, 2010. REUTERS / Jason Lee

Women soldiers dressed in traditional clothing during a military parade in Mexico City on September 16, 2010. Tens of thousands of Mexicans flocked to the streets to celebrate the 200th anniversary of Mexico's fight for independence from Spain. REUTERS/Eliana Aponte

14. Women soldiers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) ground forces march in formation on Tiananmen Square during a mass parade to mark the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). People's Republic China in Beijing October 1, 2009. REUTERS/David Lewis

15. Women soldiers from Democratic Republic Congo in the capital Kinshasa, February 18, 2006. REUTERS/David Lewis

16. An Islamist rebel woman raises a weapon outside a stadium in Mogadishu, Ethiopia, January 14, 2009. REUTERS/Ismail Taxta

17. A soldier from the honor guard looks back as St. Lucia's Prime Minister Stephenson King is officially welcomed into Havana on January 7, 2010. REUTERS/Enrique De La Osa

20. Croatian soldiers firing in snowy conditions at a military base near Zagreb on January 31, 2003. Four female members of the Croatian army unit who will go to Afghanistan in February as part of German unit NATO missions. . REUTERS/Nikola Solic

21. Residents of Baghdad pass by a woman American soldier on patrol in shopping arcades, May 26, 2008. REUTERS/Mohammed Ameen

22. A government soldier carries a baby on his back in eastern Congo on January 26, 2009. REUTERS/Alissa Everett

23. The Women's Cadet Corps marches at a military school in Bogota March 4, 2009. REUTERS/John Vizcaino

The exact number and percentage of women who serve in China's military are not known, but the number of women in combat units is said to have increased. Last time I noticed the girls on the crew of the aircraft carrier Liaoning, they have more trump cabins there than the guys!

In China, women have served in the military since the beginning of the People's Liberation Army. The PLA serves primarily in low-risk positions, such as communications and health care. The first female pilots appeared in transport aviation in 1952.

In 1995, the first batch of female Marines graduated from the South China Navy. Two years ago, 16 women passed the final fighter pilot test. And last year, a woman from Jiangsu became the first captain in the PLA Navy to safely pilot a 14,000-ton hospital ship.

China is among the countries with the highest number of female pilots, according to the PLA Daily, although it did not provide numbers. The Air Force said it would train female pilots for strike aircraft and bombers.