Which, according to the author, indicates economic. What types of social stratification are discussed in the document? Historical forms of stratification

1. In modern conditions open society It depends on you what position you will occupy in society, in what social group you will be. Thanks to your own efforts, you can change this situation, move from one rung of the social ladder to another.
2. If you are not indifferent to the fate of your country, if you are trying to imagine its future development, it is important to know what the position and mood of a particular social group is, what its influence on social life and politics.

1. When assessing the activities of the state, see whether it takes into account the interests of certain groups in its socio-economic policy, for example, when resolving issues such as the establishment or abolition of taxes, the determination of social assistance for the poor, etc.

Document

From the book of the Russian sociologist, founder of the Russian and American sociological schools P. A. Sorokin “Man. Civilization. Society".

If the economic status of the members of a certain society is not the same, if among them there are both haves and have-nots, then such a society is characterized by the presence of economic stratification, regardless of whether it is organized on communist or capitalist principles, whether it is constitutionally defined as a “society of equals” or not . No labels, signs, or oral statements can change or obscure the reality of economic inequality, which is expressed in the difference in income, standard of living, in the existence of rich and poor segments of the population. If within a group there are hierarchically different ranks in the sense of authority and prestige, titles and honors, if there are managers and governed, then regardless of the terms (monarchs, bureaucrats, masters, bosses) this means that such a group is politically differentiated * that whatever it proclaims in its constitution or declaration. If the members of a society are divided into various groups by the type of their activity, occupation, and some professions are considered more prestigious in comparison with others, and if members of a particular professional group are divided into managers of various ranks and subordinates, then such a group is professionally differentiated, regardless of whether superiors or are appointed whether their leadership positions are inherited or due to their personal qualities.

Questions and tasks for the document

1. What types of social stratification are mentioned in the document?
2. What, according to the author, indicates the economic, political and professional differentiation of society?
3. Is it possible, based on the document, to say that social inequality manifests itself in societies? different types?
4. What conclusion can you draw from the text you read to understand the social structure? modern society?

Self-test questions

1. What causes the existence of social groups in society?
2. What social groups exist in modern times? Russian society? What is the objective basis for their emergence and existence?
3. How do the variety of forms of ownership and market relations affect the social structure of society?
4. Who do you think makes up the Russian middle class?
5. What points of view exist on the possibility of achieving equality and justice in a society where social differentiation exists?
6. What does the concept of “social mobility” mean? What are its types?
7. Give examples of social mobility from different periods world and national history.
8. Name the channels of social mobility known to you. Which ones do you think play especially? important role in modern society?
9. Use specific examples to reveal the social interests of various groups in society. How do these groups act to protect their interests?
10. What is practical significance knowledge about social structure society?

Tasks

1. The US National Democratic Institute published Toolkit“How to win elections?” It recommends that you begin your campaign planning by examining the social structure of your constituency. What do you think caused this practical advice? How can the obtained data on the situation of various social groups in the district affect the election campaign?
2. Describe yourself and your family members as representatives of the social structure of society, choosing several different criteria for social stratification.
3. A former worker started his own business and became an entrepreneur. Which social phenomenon illustrates this example?
4. What is the reason for the strikes of miners, teachers, and other professional groups? When formulating your answer, rely on the relevant concepts of the topic. Use material from newspapers and other means mass media.

Thoughts of the wise

“Equality may be a right, but no power on earth will make it a fact.”

O. de Balzac (1799-1850), French writer

Modern society has become open. It removes previous restrictions leading to a person’s transition from one rung of the social ladder to another. For example, prohibitions on engaging in a particular profession, on marriage between representatives of different social, ethnic or religious groups. As a result, social movements of people have intensified (between city and countryside, between different sectors of the economy, between professions, between different regions of the country) and, consequently, the possibilities for individual choice of profession, place of residence, lifestyle, spouse have expanded significantly.

The transition of people from one social group to another is called social mobility.

Sociologists distinguish between horizontal and vertical mobility. Horizontal mobility includes processes of transition from group to group without changing social status. For example, a transition from one state enterprise to another, from one family to another, from one citizenship to another. This also sometimes includes the movement of people in geographic space without changing their status. For example, moving from one city to another, from place of residence to places of work, shopping, entertainment, recreation.

Processes of vertical mobility are associated with moving up or down the steps of the social ladder. There are upward (upward) and downward (downward) social mobility. Ascending vertical mobility can include a person’s promotion to a position, transition to a managerial position, mastery of more prestigious profession etc. Downward vertical mobility includes, for example, the process of ruining the average entrepreneur and turning him into a hired worker.

The paths along which people move from one social group to another are called channels of social mobility or social elevators. These include army service, obtaining an education, mastering a profession, getting married, acquiring property, etc.

Social mobility is facilitated by turning points in the development of society: revolutions, wars, political upheavals, structural shifts in the economy.

Social interests

Each social group is characterized by common interests for all its members. People's interests are based on their needs. (Remember what you already know about human needs.) However, interests are directed not so much at the item of need as at the social conditions that make these items available. First of all, this concerns material and spiritual benefits that ensure the satisfaction of needs. Based on their focus, interests can be divided into economic, social, political, and spiritual.

The interests of people related to the position of a social group in society and a person in this group are called social interests. They consist in the preservation or transformation of those institutions, orders, norms of relationships on which the distribution of goods necessary for a given social group depends.

Social interests are embodied in activity - its direction, character, results. So, from your history course you know about the interest of peasants and farmers in the results of their labor. This interest forces them to improve production and grow higher yields. IN multinational states Various nations are interested in preserving their language and their traditions. These interests contribute to the discovery national schools and classes, the publication of books by national authors, the emergence of cultural-national societies that organize a variety of activities for children and adults. By competing with each other, various groups of entrepreneurs defend their economic interests. Representatives of certain professions periodically declare their professional needs.

A social group is capable of realizing its interests and consciously acting in their defense.

The pursuit of social interests may lead a group to influence policy. Using a variety of means, a social group can influence the adoption by power structures of decisions that suit it. Such means may be letters and personal appeals from group representatives to authorities, appearances in the media, demonstrations, marches, picketing and other social protests. Every country has laws that allow certain targeted actions social groups in defense of their interests.

An important means of expressing social interests is the refusal to support people embodying opposing social interests when electing to government bodies. Evidence of the struggle and compromise of various social interests is the activity of parliamentary groups when adopting the country's laws and other decisions.

The desire of people to participate in the processes that determine their lives leads to the transformation of social group interests into political factor development of society.

The similarity of social interests and activities in their defense lead various groups to unite. This is how social and socio-political movements arise, political parties. In an effort to satisfy their interests, various social forces often strive to gain power or gain the opportunity to participate in its implementation.

The activity of social groups related to the satisfaction of their interests is also manifested in interstate relations. A striking example this phenomenon is protected by the largest oil producers different countries their economic interests, manifested in joint decisions to increase or decrease oil production in connection with changes in oil prices.

Taking into account many characteristics when identifying social groups and identifying their social interests allows us to create a multidimensional picture social life society and identify trends in its changes.

Practical conclusions

1 in the conditions of a modern open society, it depends on you what position you will occupy in society, in what social group you will be. Thanks to your own efforts, you can change this situation, move from one rung of the social ladder to another.

2 If you are not indifferent to the fate of your country, if you are trying to imagine its future development, it is important to know what the position and mood of a particular social group is, what its influence on public life and politics is.

3 When assessing the activities of the state, see whether it takes into account the interests of certain groups in its socio-economic policy, for example, when resolving issues such as the establishment or abolition of taxes, the determination of social assistance for the poor, etc.

Document

From the book of the Russian sociologist, founder of the Russian and American sociological schools P. A. Corokn “Man. Civilization. Society".

If the economic status of the members of a certain society is not the same, if among them there are both haves and have-nots, then such a society is characterized by the presence of economic stratification, regardless of whether it is organized on communist or capitalist principles, whether it is constitutionally defined as a “society of equals” or not . No labels, signs, or oral statements can change or obscure the reality of economic inequality, which is expressed in the difference in income, standard of living, and in the existence of rich and poor segments of the population. If within a group there are hierarchically different ranks in the sense of authority and prestige, titles and honors, if there are managers and governed, then regardless of the terms (monarchs, bureaucrats, masters, bosses) this means that such a group is politically differentiated, that whatever it proclaims in its constitution or declaration. If the members of a society are divided into different groups according to the nature of their activities,
occupations, and some professions are considered more prestigious in comparison with others, and if members of a particular professional group are divided into managers of various ranks and subordinates, then such a group is professionally differentiated, regardless of whether the bosses are elected or appointed, whether they get their leadership positions are by inheritance or due to their personal qualities.

Questions and tasks for the document

1. What types of social stratification are mentioned in the document?
2. What, according to the author, indicates the economic, political and professional differentiation of society? 3. Based on the document, can it be argued that social inequality manifests itself in different types of societies?
4. What conclusion can be drawn from the text read to understand the social structure of modern society?

Self-test questions

1. What causes the existence of social groups in society?
2. What social groups exist in modern Russian society? What is the objective basis for their emergence and existence?
h. How do the variety of forms of ownership and market relations affect the social structure of society?
4. Who, in your opinion, forms the Russian middle class?
5. What points of view exist on the possibility of achieving equality and justice in a society where social differentiation exists?
6. What does the concept of “social mobility” mean? What are its types?
7. Give examples of social mobility from various periods of world and domestic history.
8. Name the channels of social mobility known to you. Which ones do you think play a particularly important role in modern society?
9. Use specific examples to reveal the social interests of various groups in society. How do these groups act to protect their interests?
10. What is the practical significance of knowledge about the social structure of society?

Homework

1. The US National Democratic Institute published a methodological manual “How to Win Elections?” It recommends that you begin planning an election campaign by studying the social structure of your electoral district. What do you think is the reason for this practical advice? How can the obtained data on the situation of various social groups in the district affect the election campaign?

2. Describe yourself and your family members as representatives of the social structure of society, choosing several different criteria for social stratification.

3. A former worker started his own business and became an entrepreneur. What social phenomenon does this example illustrate?

4. What are the reasons for the strikes of miners, teachers, and other professional groups? When formulating your answer, rely on the relevant concepts of the topic. Use material from newspapers and other media.

Social structure and social relations

When you just started studying social science, you became familiar with the concept of society, and you should know that this is a rather complex organization in which people, groups, classes, strata, etc. interact with each other.

What is the structure of society? The structure of society is the collective and individual relationships that develop between different social groups of people.

But social structure is the name given to the stable relationship between the various elements that make up internal structure of this society.

As a rule, such social elements in the structure of society can be considered persons who have a certain status and perform certain roles in society. These groups of people are united according to their status into social, territorial, ethnic and other communities.

Social groups, as a rule, include associations of people who have some similar characteristics. Such signs include joint activities, common interests or certain values.

In addition, social groups can be formed depending on their position in society, level of education, profession or financial situation.

That is, we can say that the social structure divides people's societies, depending on their different situations and according to different criteria.

While studying this topic, you may be wondering why we need to study different social groups. Well, let's try to find the answer to this question:

Firstly, the social groups existing in a certain society make certain efforts to social development and contribute to ongoing changes in the society in which they find themselves;
Secondly, we can say that depending on the nature of a particular social group, the quality of activity of all social spheres in a certain period of history directly depends;
Thirdly, depending on which groups predominate in a particular society and what position they occupy in it, based on this, the type of society, its economic and political position is formed.

And from the fact that we know the answers to these questions, we will be able to understand why social institutions do not function as we would like and why we did not get the type of society we wanted.

Did you know that in Rus', before the reign of Peter the Great, there was no such thing as an “estate”. And this very word “estate” initially meant a college or corporation, and only in the nineteenth century began to mean some kind of certain groups of people.

In Rus', get an average or higher education Only the children of nobles and clergy could, and even then it had a clear division by gender. The doors to various gymnasiums, colleges, cadet corps and theological seminaries were opened for the male part of the population. But for girls there were girls’ gymnasiums and institutes noble maidens, diocesan schools, and even in them the amount of knowledge differed significantly from institutions for boys, since it was believed that it was not at all necessary for women to be educated.

Did you know that in Rus, men also pierced their ears? It turns out that by the presence of an earring in a Cossack’s ear, one could determine what place he occupied in the family. If a young man wore an earring in his left ear, then everyone knew that he was only son from a single mother. The presence of an earring in the right ear indicated that this was a young man, the last born in the family, and before him there was no heir in the male line. If the young man had earrings in both ears, then this indicated that the child was the only one in the family.

Technological map of the lesson-research

Teacher details: Ponomareva Daria Vyacheslavovna

Item: Social science Class: 10 Textbook (UMK): Social studies 10th grade. edited by L.N. Bogolyubov

Lesson topic: Social structure of society

Lesson type: U rock learning new material

Equipment : Cards with a statement by O. de Balzac

Characteristics of the educational capabilities and previous achievements of students in the class for which the lesson is designed:

Students speak:

regulatory UUD:

formulate questions on the topic based on supporting (key and question) words (level 2);

independently transform a practical task into an educational-cognitive one (level 3);

confront uncertainty and complexity, take a position in discussions (level 3).

adjust one’s actions during work in connection with changing lesson conditions (changes in tasks, sequence of operations, in connection with time orientation - the pace of task completion), based on the teacher’s activities (level 3)

cognitive UUD:

collect and highlight information essential for solving the problem independently using a well-known algorithm (level 2);

perform logical actions and operations with the information received independently (level 4);

consciously and voluntarily construct a speech statement in oral and written form (level 4);

choose the most effective ways solving problems depending on specific conditions and teacher suggestions (level 3);

select grounds and criteria for comparing objects and phenomena, determining cause-and-effect relationships from the received material based on a given algorithm of actions (level 3);

personal UUD:

developed its own life position on certain issues;

Most students do not have the following skills:

communicative UUD:

enter into dialogue, as well as participate in collective discussion of problems, master monologue and dialogical forms speech in accordance with grammatical and syntactic rules Russian / native language.

adequately perceive the position and views of other students in controversial issues, mind listen to each other;

express your point of view on your own initiative;

personal UUD:

reflect on your attitude to the content of the topic.

cognitive UUD:

carry out the transformation of knowledge and adapt it to specific situations;

Lesson objectives as planned learning outcomes, planned level of their achievement:

Annex 1.

Document.

From the book of the Russian sociologist, founder of the Russian and American sociological schools P.A. Sorokin "Man. Civilization. Society".

If the economic status of members of a certain society is not the same, if among them there are both haves and have-nots, then such a society is characterized by the presence economic stratification, regardless of whether it is organized on communist or capitalist principles, whether it is constitutionally defined as a “society of equals” or not. No labels, signs, or oral statements can change or obscure the reality of economic inequality, which is expressed in the difference in income, standard of living, in the existence of rich and poor segments of the population. If within a group there are hierarchically different ranks in terms of authority and prestige, titles and honors, if there are managers and ruled, then regardless of the terms (monarchs, bureaucrats, masters, bosses) this means that such a group politically differentiated, whatever it proclaims in its constitution or declaration. If members of a society are divided into different groups according to their type of activity, occupation, and some professions are considered more prestigious than others, and if members of a particular professional group are divided into managers of various ranks and subordinates, then such a group professionally differentiated regardless of whether bosses are elected or appointed, whether they get leadership positions by inheritance or due to their personal qualities.

Questions and tasks for the document.

What types of social stratification are mentioned in the document?

Is it possible, based on the document, to say that social inequality manifests itself in different types of societies?

What conclusion can be drawn from the text read to understand the social structure of modern society?

1. Read an excerpt from a work by a Russian sociologist
P. Sorokina* and answer the questions at the end of the text:

“Social stratification is the differentiation of a certain set of people into classes in a hierarchical rank. It finds expression in the existence of higher and lower strata. Its basis and essence lies in the uneven distribution of rights and privileges, responsibilities and duties, the presence or absence of social values, power and influence among members of a particular community. Specific forms social stratification is very diverse. If the economic status of the members of a certain society is not the same, if among them there are both haves and have-nots, then such a society is characterized by the presence of economic stratification, regardless of whether it is organized on communist or capitalist principles, whether it is constitutionally defined as a “society of equals” or not . No labels, signs, or oral statements can change or obscure the reality of economic inequality, which is expressed in the difference in income, standard of living, in the existence of rich and poor segments of the population. If within a group there are hierarchically different ranks in terms of authority and prestige and honor, if there are managers and ruled, then regardless of the terms (monarchs, bureaucrats, masters, bosses) this means that such a group is politically differentiated , whatever it proclaims in its constitution or declaration. If members of a society are divided into different groups according to the type of their activity, occupation, and some professions are considered more prestigious than others, and if members of a particular professional group are divided into managers of various ranks and subordinates, then such a group is professionally differentiated regardless of whether bosses are elected or appointed, whether their leadership positions are inherited or due to their personal qualities.

The specific hypostases of social stratification are numerous. However, all their diversity can be reduced to three main forms: economic, political and professional stratification. As a rule, they are all closely intertwined. People who belong to the highest stratum in one respect usually belong to the same stratum in other respects; and vice versa. Representatives of the highest economic strata simultaneously belong to the highest political and professional strata. The poor, as a rule, are deprived of civil rights and are in the lower strata of the professional hierarchy. That's how it is general rule, although there are many exceptions.<...>The real picture of the social stratification of any society is very complex and confusing. To facilitate the analysis process, only the basic, most important properties should be taken into account, for the sake of simplicity, omitting details that do not distort the overall picture.”

*Sorokin, P. Social stratification and mobility. // Pitirim Sorokin. "Human. Civilization. Society" (series "Thinkers of the 20th Century"). – M., 1992. –
pp. 302 – 373. (text adapted) // Internet materials, see: http://www.sociology.mephi.ru/docs/sociologia/html/sorokin_soc_strat_mobile.html

Questions:

1. What definition of social stratification does P. Sorokin offer?

2. Is social stratification an objective phenomenon? What arguments does the author of the text give in support of this statement?

3. What criteria of social stratification does P. Sorokin propose to use?

2. Read an excerpt from R. Merton’s work “Social Structure and Anomie” * and answer the questions at the end of the text:

“There is a marked and persistent tendency in sociological theory to attribute the unsatisfactory functioning of the social structure primarily to inherent in man imperative biological drives that are not sufficiently restrained by social control. From this point of view, social order is just a tool for “regulating impulsive actions”, “social processing” of tensions. It should be noted that these impulsive actions that break through social control, are considered as a manifestation of biologically determined drives. It is assumed that the desire to disobey is rooted in human nature itself. Submission is thus the result of either practical calculation or mechanical conditioning. This view, not to mention its other shortcomings, clearly does not answer one question. It does not provide a basis for identifying those non-biological conditions that stimulate deviations from the prescribed type of behavior. We start from the assumption that certain phases of social structure give rise to circumstances in which violation of the social code represents a “normal” response to an emerging situation.

<...>. We intend first of all to show how certain social structures exert certain pressures on individual members of society, pushing them towards the path of insubordination rather than to the path of behavior in accordance with generally accepted rules. Among the elements of social and cultural structure, two elements are of particular importance to us. Analytically they are separable, although in specific situations they are inseparably intertwined. The first element consists of the goals, intentions and interests determined by a given culture. They constitute the sphere of aspiration. These goals are more or less integrated and include various degrees prestige and emotions. They form the main, but not the only component of what Linton aptly called the “scheme of group existence.” Some of these culturally determined aspirations relate to, but are not determined by, a person's primary drives. The second phase of social structure defines, regulates and controls acceptable ways of achieving these goals. Each social group necessarily combines its own scale of desired goals with moral or institutional regulation of acceptable and required ways to achieve these goals. These kinds of regulatory norms and moral imperatives are not necessarily the same as the norms that determine the technical feasibility or effectiveness of these methods.<...>The choice of appropriate means is limited by institutional norms.

When we say that these two elements - culturally determined goals and institutional norms - act together, we do not mean that the relationship between alternative ways behavior and goals are invariably constant. The significance of certain goals may vary independently of the significance of institutional means.”

*Merton, R. Social structure and anomie / translation from French by E.A. Samarskaya. Translation editor M.N. Gretsky // Sociology of crime (Modern bourgeois theories). – Moscow: Progress Publishing House, 1966. / Internet materials, see: http://scepsis.ru/library/id_632.html.

Questions:

1. What social mechanisms control over an individual's behavior are described in the quoted passage?

2. What is “social control”?

3. What, according to R. Merton, are the ways of achieving group goals within society (culture) limited?

3. Read an excerpt from R. Merton’s work “Social Structure and Anomie”* and answer the questions at the end of the text:

“In any society there is simultaneously individual and group mobility. Opportunities for upward mobility for groups or individuals are determined by the characteristics of the stratification system, i.e. the meaning attached to ascribed (prescribed) and achieved statuses. Ascribed (prescribed) status is associated primarily with inherited factors such as family background, age, gender, race, and place of birth. The heir to a large fortune and the Negro living in the urban ghetto have different ascribed statuses. Achieved status is determined by what a person has accomplished, such as receiving a doctorate from Harvard.

When a society's institutions place a premium on ascribed status, tendencies toward collective or group mobility emerge. One of best examples- caste system in India. Historically, in India, every person from the moment of birth belonged to a certain social caste and remained in it until the end of his life - the possibility of moving from one caste to another was very small. Every aspect of life was shaped by caste. The possibilities of marriage, choice of work, features of rituals and even funerals were predetermined from birth.

Although there was almost no individual mobility in this system, individual groups were able to change their social status and level of prestige. Collective mobility occurred when a larger caste split into subcastes. For example, the Khatikas (originally the butcher caste) that existed for a long time split into separate castes: pork traders, masons, rope makers and fruit traders. The new castes, who considered their work more prestigious than the meat trade, came up with new names for themselves and refused to marry members of the original caste.

The caste system in India has proven to be very stable. Even now, when under the influence of Western values ​​and social institutions opportunities for individual mobility have opened up, caste mobility remains in a slightly modified form.

In societies where achieved status is given more importance, the tendency towards individual mobility predominates. America is a typical example in this regard.”

*Smelser, N. Sociology. – M.: Phoenix, 1994. – 608 p. / (text from section II. “Social inequality”, chapter 9. “Inequality, stratification and class”) // Internet materials used, see: http://scepsis.ru/search/search.php?q=Smelzer N. , works&p=1

Questions:

1. What types of mobility does the sociologist name in this passage of text?

2. What types of social statuses are mentioned in the text?

3. How does the type of society, according to N. Smelser, influence the predominance of one or another type of social mobility?

4. What kind of mobility prevails in traditional societies (like Indian society)?

5. What type of mobility prevails in industrial (or post-industrial) societies?

6. What connection, according to N. Smelser, is observed between social status and social mobility?

CREATIVE TASK

Based on published data from the latest population census (2009) in the Republic of Belarus, compose a report on the social stratification of Belarusian society. Take the following criteria as a basis: gender, level of education, place of residence (city, village), age, nationality.

TOPICS OF ABSTRACTS AND REPORTS

1. Economic stratification of modern society in Belarus.

2. The theory of elites as one of the options for the stratification approach.

3. Middle class in society.

4. The place of youth in the social structure of society.

5. Mobility in modern society.

1. Belyaeva, L.A. Social strata of Russia: experience cluster analysis/ L.A. Belyaeva // Sociological research. – 2005. – No. 12. – P. 57 – 64.

2. Babosov, E.M. General sociology: textbook. manual for university students / E.M. Babosov. – 3rd ed. – Minsk: TetraSystems, 2006. – 640 p.

3. Anurin, V.F. Contours of the provincial middle class of Russia / V.F. Anurin // Sociological studies. – 2006. – No. 10. – P. 3 – 15.

4. Sapelkin, E.P. Socio-professional stratification and youth mobility in a transforming society / E.P. Sapelkin // Sociology. – 1999. – No. 4. – P. 87 – 90.

5. Skutneva, S.V. Strategies for life self-determination of young people in labor sphere/ S.V. Skutneva // Sociological studies. – 2006. – No. 10. – P. 88 – 94.

6. Nagaichuk, A.F. Conflict of interest in the field social policy/ A.F. Nagaychuk // Sociological studies. – 2006. – No. 3. – P. 48 – 53.

7. Shavel, S.A. Social differentiation and methods of its regulation / S.A. Shavel // Sociology. – 1998. – No. 4. – P. 32 – 39.

8. Tereshchenko, O.V. Social stratification and social mobility: basic concepts and approaches / O.V. Tereshchenko, S.V. Sivukha // Sociology. – 1998. – No. 4. – P. 75 – 79.

9. Babosov, E.M. Sociology of personality, stratification and management / E.M. Babosov – Minsk: Bel. Navuka, 2006. – 591 p.

10. Novikova, L.G. Social stratification in modern Belarus: main characteristics of living standards / L.G. Novikova, S.F. Sidorenko // Sociology. – 2003. – No. 4. – P. 41 – 52.

11. Zinovsky, V.I. On the main changes in the level of material well-being of the population of the Republic of Belarus for 1990 – 2002. / IN AND. Zinovsky // Sociology. – 2003. – No. 4. – P. 17 – 25.

12. Taranova, E.V. Economic inequality and social competition: analysis of the relationship / E.V. Taranova // Social knowledge and Belarusian society: materials of the International. scientific-practical conf.; Minsk, December 3-4, 2009 (To the 20th anniversary of the institutionalization of sociology in Belarus and the 20th anniversary of the creation of the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus) / editorial board. I.V. Kotlyarov (chief editor) [and others]. – Minsk: Law and Economics, 2009. – P. 43 – 49.

13. Deniskina, A.N. Specifics of the formation of the middle class in Belarus / A.N. Deniskina // Social knowledge and Belarusian society: materials of the International. scientific-practical conf.; Minsk, December 3-4, 2009 (To the 20th anniversary of the institutionalization of sociology in Belarus and the 20th anniversary of the creation of the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus) / editorial board. I.V. Kotlyarov (chief editor)
[and etc.]. – Minsk: Law and Economics, 2009. – P. 154 – 156.

14. Pushkin, A.L. Technogenic and social risks in the development of Belarusian society / A.L. Pushkin // Social knowledge and Belarusian society: materials of the International. scientific-practical conf.; Minsk, December 3-4, 2009 (To the 20th anniversary of the institutionalization of sociology in Belarus and the 20th anniversary of the creation of the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus) / editorial board. I.V. Kotlyarov (chief editor) [and others]. – Minsk: Law and Economics, 2009. – P. 237 – 240.

15. Sokolova, G.N. The role of social policy in the economic stratification of society / G.N. Sokolova // Department of Sociology of BSU – 20 years: 1989 – 2009: Collection scientific works/ Belarusian State University. – Minsk: Law and Economics, 2009. – P. 111 – 121.

working with the document. From the book of the Russian sociologist, founder of the Russian and American sociological schools P. A. Sorokin “Man. Civilization. Society". If the economic status of the members of a certain society is not the same, if among them there are both haves and have-nots, then such a society is characterized by the presence of economic stratification, regardless of whether it is organized on communist or capitalist principles, whether it is constitutionally defined as a “society of equals” or not . No labels, signs, or oral statements can change or obscure the reality of economic inequality, which is expressed in the difference in income, standard of living, and in the existence of rich and poor segments of the population. If within a group there are hierarchically different ranks in terms of authority and prestige, titles and honors, if there are managers and governed, then regardless of the terms (monarchs, bureaucrats, masters, bosses) this means that such a group is politically differentiated, that whatever it proclaims in its constitution or declaration. If members of a society are divided into different groups according to their type of activity, occupation, and some professions are considered more prestigious than others, and if members of a particular professional group are divided into managers of various ranks and subordinates, then such a group professionally differentiated regardless of whether bosses are elected or appointed, whether their leadership positions are inherited or due to their personal qualities. Questions and tasks for the document 1) What types of social stratification are mentioned in the document? 2) What, according to the author, indicates the economic, political and professional differentiation of society? 3) Is it possible, based on the document, to say that social inequality manifests itself in different types of societies? 4) What conclusion can be drawn from the text read to understand the structure of modern society?

Similar questions

• A circle with a diameter of 16 cm is cut out of a square with a side of 20 cm. Find the area of ​​the remaining figure.
• Help me solve the problem for grade 2 using the textbook Mathematics, 2012, part 2 No. 34 p. 42 Rudnitskaya, Yudacheva Two beetles are crawling along a straw towards each other. The large beetle crawled 4 cm away from its edge of the straw, and the small one from...
• imagine the polynomial as a sum and as the difference of any two binomials (check by opening the parentheses in your mind whether you completed the task a-b-c+d correctly
• Write the reaction equations for the following transformations: Mg2Si -> SiH4 -> SiO2 -> Na2SiO3
• Please solve the equation so that it is clear :) Thanks in advance! the investor put money in banks and received 525 rubles a year later. If the deposit was for 100 rubles. less, and the bank would pay twice the interest, then the depositor would receive...