Who is Alexei Navalny? Alexey Navalny presented his political program

Alexei Navalny is one of the most notorious Russian politicians, businessman, lawyer, born in the Moscow region (Odintsovo district, town Butyn), 06/04/1976.

Childhood

Alexey's father is Ukrainian by birth, graduated military school and after several years of service he received a transfer to Moscow. There he met his fate - a simple Russian girl originally from Zelenograd near Moscow, who after school also moved to the capital. But the career she had hoped to build failed, and Lyudmila went to work at a woodworking plant.

Alexey in childhood

In the early 90s, when a severe crisis began in the country, Alexei’s parents managed to get their bearings and, on the basis of a bankrupt workshop, they created their own small enterprise that produced exclusive products from wicker. This allowed the family not only to stay afloat, but also to make their first capital.

Meanwhile, Alexey successfully completed school and also moved to Moscow. Before that, he lived most of the time with his grandmother, since his parents were practically not at home - they put all their efforts into providing for financial well-being families.

Having graduated with an excellent certificate, Alexey submitted exams to the law department of Moscow State University, but he only needed one point to receive the coveted student card.

The next year he continued to actively prepare for exams, while helping his parents in business. This year played a decisive role in his further career. He did not give up his dream of becoming a lawyer, but at the same time became interested in economic disciplines.

A year later, the exams were passed successfully, and he began studying at the Institute of Friendship of Peoples. In his senior years, he simultaneously studies at the government Financial Academy, choosing to specialize in financing and lending. Navalny was also one of the first in Russia to receive a diploma in stock exchange business and is a professional broker.

Career

Navalny began his career with a modest position as an ordinary lawyer at Aeroflot, where he was invited while still student years after a successfully completed internship. In 1998, he officially registered his first private company, Allekt LLC, but worked mainly for another company.

But a year later, immediately after defending his diploma, he begins to actively study own business, while continuing to build a career at Aeroflot. The young lawyer established himself as an excellent specialist there, and his deep knowledge of economic disciplines helped him solve the most complex problems in the highest level, and just a few years later he was included in the directors of Aeroflot.

Navalny began his political career in 2000, joining the Yabloko party. He quickly showed his leadership qualities and already in 2004 began managing its Moscow office. regional office. However, already in 2007 after loud scandal with the leaders of the party, Navalny is expelled from its composition.

Then he creates another political movement, “The People,” and positions himself as a fighter for the rights of the people and against the abuse of power by officials. Several more are being created in this vein public organizations and around the same period he begins to actively appear on television screens.

Having first appeared on the “Political Debates” program, Navalny interested the audience so much that he later became a regular participant.

Since 2008, Navalny has been actively involved in anti-corruption activities and even created a special committee. His attention in those years was directed to fraud with oil, which, contrary to all antimonopoly laws, was sold abroad only through one joint-stock company.

To have the means to carry out independent investigations, a monetary fund is established in which independent entrepreneurs invest.

In 2011, Navalny’s company became the object of research Russian roads, which are still in a catastrophic state, despite constant funding for their repairs. A year later he will organize independent system monitoring the elections.

At the same time, he is investigating and publicizing facts about the illegality of the acquisition of expensive real estate, airplanes and other luxury items by people whose official income does not allow them to do so.

Arrests

His investigations affect the interests of the highest echelons of power and, naturally, begin to irritate them greatly. But at first, “precautionary measures” were taken against him. Several times he was arrested for 15 days for illegally holding rallies.

But already in 2011, the first criminal case was opened against him, which, however, was dropped less than a year later due to the lack of corpus delicti.

In July 2013, by a court decision, he was sentenced to 5 years in prison and a half-million fine for the activities of the Kirovles company, of which he was one of the leaders. But this verdict had political motives. At that time, elections for the post of mayor were underway, and Navalny could well have won them. Later, his lawyers proved the sanctions were illegal, and Navalny was released.

The situation was repeated with precision in 2016, and again he receives a similar sentence, and again his lawyers prove the connection of this case with the political situation in the country. Nevertheless, Navalny is again seeking to have the sentence overturned, since he has openly declared his intention to take part in the 2018 presidential race.

According to unverified data, he can count on the support of 70% of voters.

Personal life

Navalny is married and values ​​his family very much. WITH future wife He met Julia while on vacation in Turkey in 2000. And very soon the young people got married. And a year later a girl was born into the family. Born in 2008 long-awaited son Navalny.

With his wife Yulia and children

As many Russians know, on the 18th a court decision was made in the case of Alexey Anatolyevich Navalny: the court sentenced him to 6 years in prison general regime. Article Art. 33 part 3, art. 160 part 4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - organizing the embezzlement of someone else’s property on an especially large scale: we're talking about about the fact that, allegedly, Navalny, when signing contracts for the purchase of timber (Kirovles Company), saved the nth amount “into his pocket.”

Let's see why Alexei Navalny was actually imprisoned? What did he do that someone might not like? Indeed, according to statistics, court cases related to theft end in only 5% of cases with a real sentence. Usually this is a fine or probation. And this is what he did:

1. Conducted his own investigation and publicly proved that managers (top managers) of the VTB state bank stole 150 million dollars: http://navalny.livejournal.com/591922.html

2. Conducted his own investigation and proved that while the Trans-Siberian Pipeline was being built, $4 billion went somewhere (money from the budget: taxes that we pay).

3. Founded the RosPil project, as a result of which 59 billion rubles of budget money were saved. The project monitored the spending of officials and forced them to give up expensive foreign cars and other things for which competitions were announced: http://rospil.info/results

4. Organized a campaign against United Russia, which was aimed at publishing facts demonstrating that “ United Russia“These are swindlers and thieves.

5. Introduced a bill prohibiting officials from buying cars costing more than 2 million rubles. Although now officials drive cars with a market value of 5 to 10 million rubles - where did they get the money? They probably earned it.

6. Conducted an investigation and told the public how Putin’s billionaire friends (Timchenko, Vekselberg, the Rottenberg brothers and others) “earn money.” He spoke about Mr. Shuvalov’s corruption schemes:
— http://navalny.livejournal.com/681683.html
— http://navalny.livejournal.com/485080.html
— http://navalny.livejournal.com/785406.html

7. Malkin and Pekhtin are deputies who were “thrown out” from the Council of Deputies. This is also Navalny’s work.
— http://navalny.livejournal.com/779722.html
— http://navalny.livejournal.com/772103.html

8. Conducted an investigation and showed that Bastrykin, the head of the Investigative Committee, was not just a foreign agent (i.e. a person who had real estate and a residence permit in the Czech Republic, which he had no right to have), but also an elementary bandit. Therefore, in fact, the Investigative Committee is now engaged in writing criminal cases against Navalny.
http://navalny.livejournal.com/723915.html

But, apparently, Navalny did not please the people who fell under his exposing projects. And they decided to imprison him for embezzlement of the state. property. Although who, if not us, should know that any official is stealing it.

Currently, Alexei Navalny has been convicted and is under house arrest; in addition, several more criminal cases have been opened against him, some of which are already being considered in court. All these cases have one thing in common: objectively, there is not a single injured party from whom Navalny stole something. Moreover, recently in one of the cases - Yves Rocher - it turned out that his activities brought profit to the company and the company itself has no claims against him. But, of course, he will be convicted, since the Investigative Committee of Russia (IC RF) has “claims” against him. There is no other way. From what " evil rock“is this how it haunts one person?

Background

Alexei Navalny entered politics in the early 2000s. He came to the Yabloko party. But in 2007 he was expelled with the wording “for causing political damage to the party, in particular, for nationalist activities.”

In fact, Navalny himself never hid his nationalist views, taking part in the formation and leadership of moderate nationalist movements, rallies and marches. Perhaps, over time, becoming an increasingly popular politician, he only became more careful in his statements, so as not to scare away the possible liberal electorate with such intolerant views. It is certainly impossible to call Alexei Navalny an ultranationalist and it would not occur to anyone, but... Despite all his political maturation, the small liberal-democratic public, one way or another forming a reputation, will have questions about his views. They will remain, since the media space contains stinking gems that the politician made in early discussions on this topic. At the same time, Navalny has always successfully managed to balance on a fine line between national-democratic and ultra-nationalist views, and just over a year ago he consistently substantiated his nationalist views, expressing in one of the discussions the conviction that “he must become the core political system Russia."

Story

By the time Navalny “parted” with Yabloko, social network diaries and, most of all, Live Journal had gained popularity on the Internet, where Alexey became one of the highest-rated bloggers, publishing socio-political posts - trolling - about corruption. His greatest popularity came from his post and then from his legal battle with the Russian state-owned company Transneft in 2008, which he won. It was then that he immediately became closely “engaged” with the Russian Investigative Committee. Moreover, it was in 2008 that Alexei Navalny’s political career began to gain rapid momentum: he acquired numerous sincere supporters who freely help him wage a difficult fight against Russian corruption. In the same year it was announced the creation of the “Russian national movement", which included DPNI organizations, " Great Russia"and the movement "People" led by Navalny.

After 2008, Navalny and his supporters exposed embezzled organizations, banks and companies that were wasting the country’s budget, officials receiving kickbacks for permission to carry out certain activities and enriching themselves at the expense of the working people and the simple middle class, who were simultaneously buying luxury real estate far beyond the borders of Russia began to take on cosmic proportions. Among those exposed: status “sharks” from VTB Bank and the Investigative Committee of Russia, top managers of monopoly State-owned companies and deputies State Duma, and all of them, for the most part, are successful members of the United Russia party.

It was the fact that most of the exposed corrupt officials belonged to the United Russia party that once gave Alexei Navalny the opportunity, during a radio broadcast, to improvise a phrase that later became a catchphrase and a popular Internet meme: “the United Russia party is swindlers and thieves,” or briefly - PZhiV . To be completely precise, the popularization of this slogan was unexpectedly helped by lawyer and also a member of United Russia Shota Gongadze, who apparently had not previously heard about the “Barbara Streisand effect” and was unfamiliar with the Internet community.

Modernity

Alexei Navalny is a modern politician, but born in the 70s of the last century and caught up in the old - without the Internet - political era. Probably, this also allows him to freely navigate the sometimes callous political and economic thinking of the older generation of politicians inhabiting the modern political space of Russia.

Meanwhile, he, just like most of people of his generation, is fluent in new technologies and feels free on the Internet, where with varying success, but honing his skills even while under house arrest and cut off from modern devices, he waged and is waging Internet wars: with the leaking of compromising evidence and the enchantingly successful trolls located on certain government agencies.

One cannot but command respect for his ability to be under constant pressure both in the virtual and in real world, which smoothly flow into one another, lead and direct both their supporters and those who work directly on the projects created by Navalny and his like-minded people: “RosPil”, “RosYama”, “RosVybory”, “RosZhKH”, “Good Machine of Truth”, “Foundation for the Fight against Corruption”, “Progress Party”.

In the last two and a half years, the life of politician Alexei Navalny has been extremely eventful: a surge of protest activity in December 2011 put him on the pedestal as practically the only leader of the protest democratic movement, trial and conviction by the Kirov court, the award of a real sentence of five years with service, replaced by a suspended sentence term, participation and almost victory in the elections for the mayor of Moscow, placement under house arrest, 5-7 criminal trials, causing sincere bewilderment among both independent specialists and the public. Not a single politician of our time - from the early 90s of the last century to the 10s of the 21st century - was born under such continuously increasing repressive pressure.

The name of Alexei Navalny is gradually becoming a household name as a person who consistently defends the need for parliamentary rule in Russia, and not authoritarian rule, as is the case at present. The attitude of the authorities towards him is a kind of indicator of the level of repressiveness of its thinking and a code signal sent to the democratic-liberal public. How much and when this level will cross the waterline will be shown in the near future, since any of the strange criminal cases can turn a suspended sentence into a real one. But perhaps it is then that the name of Alexei Navalny will be forced to be uttered by Russian President Vladimir Putin, who has so far successfully avoided this.

I foresee indignation and dissatisfaction from many people whom I would like to have as my friends.
But I am sure that Navalny is setting false goals.
And we need to talk about this.

I want to clarify right away.
I am for civil liberties.
I am against corruption (is there at least one person, besides the corrupt officials themselves, who is for it?).
I am for the elite, the business elite, military and political, to know their shores, not become impudent and act in the interests of ordinary people.
I am for a changeable government.

And I am against Navalny.

The fight against corruption is not the key to Russia's problems.

If Navalny comes to power and really starts imprisoning people left and right - Medvedev, Usmanov, Putin - this will not yield anything.
Nothing at all!
Except for the joy and pleasure of Navalny himself.

The most the main problem countries - an economic model that needs to be changed.
Fighting corruption will not create a different economy.
It will not make Russians active and enterprising.
It will not provide entrepreneurs with cheap credit.
It will not clear the domestic market for entrepreneurs.
It will not create new goods and services.
It will not make pensioners wealthy and able-bodied citizens rich.
It will not change the quality of education and healthcare.
It will not change the mentality of people and the age-old traditions of Russians.

We will remain the same and in the same place.
Only with President Navalny and his associates at the head.

I am ready to support Navalny only on one condition - if he comes to the square not with populist anti-corruption slogans, but with a program for the country’s economic emancipation and economic growth.

Only economic growth and the creation of conditions for free economic activity of citizens can give people hope and perspective.
Including schoolchildren and students who think that corruption is depriving them of their life prospects.

But this is not so, life’s problems are not created by corruption itself, but by a bad economic model that gives rise to corruption.
This is precisely the root of our problems.
This is precisely the basis of our corruption.

Without changing the economic model, corruption cannot be defeated.
Navalny proposes to fight not the cause, but the effect.
He simply doesn't understand the real problems facing the country.
That's why I'm against Navalny.

Among other things, today he behaved like a provocateur.
He was able to demonstrate with his supporters legally and without problems for the support group.
But he did not spare his political soldiers.
But it seems to me that in Russia the time has come to feel sorry for people.
Even those who are ready to sacrifice themselves for a just cause.

People want justice and hope.
And some politician uses them for his personal project.

Since truth and historical perspective are not on his side, Navalny will not make a revolution.
But firewood ( human destinies) will break a lot.
I'm against.

The Russian opposition as a kind of generalized social movement suffers from a number of systemic defects. Disunity, ambiguity in assessments of emerging situations and their changes, differences in political platforms and goals - this is an incomplete list of factors that form the weakness of the influence of forces opposing the existing government, which, nevertheless, all their leaders characterize as “criminal” and “bloody.” At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, a new figure appeared on the Russian political scene - Navalny. Who is this, what are the ambitions of this figure and why did he decide to lead the opposition movement? What are his goals, what is he calling for? Surveys conducted in Russia showed that half of the country's population did not even know who he was. It's time to fill this gap.

Opposition is constructive and destructive

IN modern Russia protest sentiments have a certain social base, as in any other country. Ideal society not a single state has yet been able to create, there are dissatisfied people everywhere, and to use unfavorable factors It is the opposition that always strives. In essence, this is its political role: criticism of shortcomings, even very angry, helps to improve the work of government agencies. Several other goals were pursued by the opposition, which set itself destructive goals. For example, during the First World War, the Bolshevik Party tried in every possible way to weaken the state and destroy its foundations. All means were suitable for this, including undermining defenses, using money received from the enemy and direct sabotage. Every state, even one that positions itself as the most democratic, has the right to fight the forces seeking to destroy it. Moreover, it is his duty to society. So what goals does Alexei Navalny set for the political movement he leads in modern Russia? Who supports and funds this movement?

Early Russian opposition

The history of the emergence of the modern Russian opposition begins at the very end of the 80s. Most of its representatives sincerely fought the communist regime, were in prison, served exile and proudly called themselves dissidents. Even then, it was divided into “wings” - left and right, but, regardless of orientation, it joyfully welcomed the coming to power democratic forces led by B. N. Yeltsin. Not all oppositionists fully corresponded to the image of a zealot for the people's aspirations, which is why the first problems arose. In the vastness former USSR Meanwhile, a struggle for souls and power unfolded. Presidents and prime ministers in post-Soviet countries were people who were trained in the United States (this biographical fact was perceived quite positively by the population at that time). Personnel known to be friendly to the West were also trained for Russia. Judging by the support provided, the best representatives M. Kasyanov, B. Nemtsov or G. Yavlinsky were considered to be the most promising democratic-liberal leaders in the United States.

Appearance

Opposition figures like G. Novodvorskaya, and even the famous chess player G. Kasparov were not considered promising political figures; their images did not correspond to the depth of the task. But the respectable and experienced leaders of the Yeltsin era, proven and loyal to the West, were also not suitable. The fact that they were already in power, and quite recently, spoke eloquently against them. The politicians and economists of Yeltsin’s set did not bring anything good to the people, and this has not yet been forgotten. A reboot was required. A new leader was needed who would be able to unite the disunited opposition forces, would have a certain charisma, high intelligence, a sarcastic and ironic mindset and could speak beautifully, in other words, would command the audience. Moreover, such a person, ideally, should actually be deprived of a past. And such a candidate was found, his name was Alexei Navalny. No one knew who he was. Just an author-blogger. But

Family of the oppositionist

Alexey Anatolyevich's parents are ordinary people. Father is a communications officer, a graduate of the Kyiv Military School. Mother studied at the Ordzhonikidze Administration). Born in 1976, the son of a military man and future oppositionist often changed cities and schools. Currently, my parents own a small business producing wicker products. Alexey also has younger brother, Oleg, born in 1984, but more about him later. Wife - Yulia Borisovna. There are two children, Daria (born in 2001) and Zakhar (born in 2008). In general, family is like family. Alexey Navalny lives in Maryino (a Moscow district that is not particularly prestigious). Modesty adorns a politician, especially a young one.

Studies

After graduating from the Alabino school at the military town, the young man entered the law school, from which he graduated in 1998. Alexei Navalny managed to work in a bank, and a year before graduating from university he showed a passion for commerce, becoming the founder of the Nesna society (hairdressing salon). Things didn't work out, the company was sold, but the search better life continued. The young man got the second higher education at the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation at the Faculty of Finance and Credit, becoming a specialist in stock exchange business and securities. The thirst for learning manifested itself once again in 2010, when he managed to complete a course of study in six months (the Yale World Fellows grant program) in the USA at Yale University. Recommendations for the novice politician were given by venerable Russian oppositionists E. Albats, O. Tsyvinsky, S. Guriev and G. Kasparov. They were known in America, their words were listened to.

Labor path

Allekt LLC was registered in 1997 as an agent of the opposition SPS. It was engaged in advertising, its activities were not very successful, despite the fact that the “Right Forces” paid for its services in the amount of almost one hundred million rubles, of which deputy director Navalny received five percent as a remuneration. Who will consider this a violation of the law or financial discipline? Currently, Allect LLC has been liquidated. The same fate befell the law firm “N. N. Securities”, co-founded by Alexey Anatolyevich and his friends from law school. Since 2001, Euro-Asian Transport Systems LLC, in the creation of which Navalny took part, has been providing logistics and transport services. The company also liquidated itself. In 2009, he became a lawyer, passing the exam in the city of Kirov, and even conducted two trials. During the same period, the Navalny and Partners company did not exist for long. In 2012, he was promoted to a responsible post at Aeroflot by A. Lebedev, who owns the NRB bank. When elected, the protégé promised to wage an uncompromising fight against corruption. A year later, Alexei Anatolyevich Navalny left this post, apparently not of his own free will.

The beginning of big politics

Showing great energy in the business sphere, Alexey Anatolyevich was actively involved in political activity. The fight against corruption is a win-win business; it can be done endlessly, but it is very difficult to evaluate the effectiveness. Since 2004, the “Committee for the Protection of Muscovites” has been carrying out this difficult socially useful work. Since 2005, it has been supplemented by concerns about youth (the “Yes!” movement) and leadership of the “Police with the People” movement. Political career started in collaboration with the governor Kirov region N. Belykh (freelance advisor) and the Foundation for Support of His Initiatives.

Then there was Yabloko (member of the political council) and the post of head of the Moscow party organization. In 2007, Alexei Anatolyevich Navalny was scandalously expelled from the party for extreme nationalism. He himself explained this incident by his confrontation with Yavlinsky.

Nationalism

The national idea is almost as winning, especially when combined with democratic slogans. In Moscow, from time to time, one or another carefully choreographed “Russian” march took place. Navalny could be seen in almost every one of them. However, by 2013, excessive scandal (zagging, raging young people and other hooligans created an unfavorable background) prompted the politician to temporarily refuse to participate in mass events nationalist orientation. Criticism of the “Putin regime” became the main focus of the “People” movement, which, however, turned out to be not as numerous as its creators wanted. Navalny, whose photo had already been published by almost all media, tried to unite his organization with the “Other Russia”, but was rejected. Nevertheless, the image of an uncompromising fighter against corruption has already been established; in the election of the capital's mayor, the opposition candidate came out on top. But then the Yves Rocher case suddenly arose, significantly spoiling the heroic image.

Brotherly help

Oleg Navalny, the brother of the oppositionist, worked as an automation specialist and head of the domestic mail department at Russian Post, and then decided to start his own business and quit in 2013. It was he who was able to convince representatives of the Yves Rocher company not to use the services anymore civil service(and she, obviously, did not really work in the best way), but to entrust his sendings and receipts to the private GPA company, which actually belongs to him brother. The price, of course, turned out to be higher, but then the reliability... So, at least, Oleg Navalny said. And he won the favor of foreigners. In fact, no one was going to carry letters, parcels and parcels. When receiving cargo for shipment, the Navalny brothers entrusted the troublesome task to other transport companies, which charged much less for services. For some time this simple scheme functioned successfully, but sooner or later everything secret becomes clear. Either the deadlines were not met, or something was missing, but the French suspected something was wrong. Then they made their claims and off they went. In total, the Navalny brothers defrauded their clients by 24 million. The case went to court and received international publicity. Protests immediately began in connection with the oppression of the opposition in Russia.

Punishment

The court's sentence cannot be called too severe. IN Soviet times They could easily have been shot for this, and the faithful “ten” shone even during Gorbachev’s rule, when almost anything was possible. Oleg Navalny received a real sentence of 3.5 years, and his brother, an anti-corruption oppositionist and champion of honesty, got off with a suspended sentence. The court apparently took into account his merits in the fight against theft. The accomplices will also have to pay a fine of 4,800,000 rubles. You have to understand that such a small thing won’t matter.

Reaction to the case

Of course liberal public and today he is trying to convince the Russian population that it was for the fight against the regime that Navalny suffered. The rally followed the rally during the consideration of the court case, then the activity decreased, but has not reached zero even today. The image of a victim has always evoked massive sympathy in our country, and many of the statements of the disgraced politician evoke a lively response in the hearts of people. Indeed, not everything is in order in Russia with migration legislation, and there are plenty of other problems.

Who is guilty?

The Navalny case is being exaggerated by the pro-Western and liberal media, it is called fabricated, but the participation of a deceived foreign defendant in it significantly undermines the position of defenders of civil liberties.

There is nothing sweeter for the leader of the Russian opposition than the feeling of sacrifice combined with defiance. It was in this direction that Alexey Navalny showed emotions. A photo of his defiantly cut electronic bracelet spread across the Internet in early 2014 after the suspended sentence came into force and the need for house arrest disappeared. For some reason they really didn’t manage to remove this device in time - and here it is, a reason for protest. However, there was no reaction from the “satraps”.

Another reason to appear on television was the murder of Boris Nemtsov. Many leaders of the “dissent movement,” including K. Sobchak and A. Navalny, reacted to this tragic event. The rally planned for the next day actually turned out to be a failure. The oppositionist usually places the blame for Nemtsov’s death on Putin.

He himself believes that he will be able to govern the country much more successfully after winning the next presidential elections.