Special Purpose Regiment. Defeat or the Day of Special Forces - Anempodist Chizhikov — LiveJournal Participation in military operations

You probably don't know what it was. But-fact! True, it lasted less than a day.
Because it was the most, that neither is, the most typical "war by mistake"

In short:

1983
year. The "Kabul" special forces company, with the support of two DSBs, was sent
to dismantle a village located in the Zaranj region for building materials.
Information has been received that locality used
"spirits" as a base camp, and at the same time the final point on
routes of large caravans from Iran. At such "points" caravans
ceased to exist as a whole and disintegrated into many
small caravans, and to catch 6-7 donkeys on the passes "berets" on
yuh did not rest.

As usual, for information support
operations were answered by KHAD (Afghan bloody gebnya, which, unlike
the Afghan army brought at least some benefit to the Limited
contingent). Its agents were supposed to place a day before the operation
in the mountains triangular panels, the sharp ends of which would point to
village Further, the pilots, using these landmarks, go to the target, "air
cavalry" went and ....

Here at this stage of preliminary
preparations and there were misunderstandings. Whether the KhADovtsy got lost and wandered into
the territory of a neighboring state, or whether the Iranians had a similar
the manner of marking border outposts - most likely, he will not know the truth
no one .... The pilots then swore with one voice that the relief they saw
their terrain one to one corresponded to those demonstrated to them
before the operation, aerial photographs and mock-up.

In short, the valiant Soviet special forces made a surprise attack on the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

village
crumbled in a few minutes and without loss - there are clearly no "guests" here
waited. In the process of collecting trophies, the brave "Soviet Rambo" drew attention
to the fact that some of the dead "spirits" are dressed in some obviously unfamiliar
them a uniform, and even with shoulder straps (the latter in conditions guerrilla war
- is an obvious nonsense). Taking their eyes off the ground, the fighters with surprise
found in the middle of the village a house not marked on their plans in
european style with a tricolor flag on the roof - iranian post
border guard. Interrogation of prisoners finally clarified the situation -
"How in Leningrad?!?".

They "missed" by 15 kilometers,
and at the same time they also committed an act, you understand, aggression. In the asset "Kabulskaya
company", however, could record for itself the fact that irritated by all
according to the rules, the village was still used by the Mujahideen as a transshipment
bases on the same caravan route- but who makes it easier? Because
in the morning the home team paid a return friendly visit to
as part of a motorized infantry battalion with the support of two Phantoms.

Fight
in this situation, the spetsnaz of desire, of course, did not have a company
considered it useful to make a maneuver "accelerated withdrawal from the occupied
position", in simpler terms - try to VERY quickly move away
international incident. Because the spetsnaz arsenal is calculated
a lot for something - but not for conducting full-fledged hostilities
against superior enemy forces, which also has aviation.

Necessary
to say that in this operation the "Kabul company" practically had no
losses. But pizdyuly their "at home" were waiting for the grandest. Iran demanded
apologies, bloodshed and the convening of an extraordinary UN assembly. Moscow "did
face" and apologized.

But these guys walked around Kabul as heroes. "If not for the order, they would have reached Tehran," yeah.

However, this is already from the field of "hunting tales" and "war songs".

A
on the account of the "Kabul company" in addition to the "Soviet-Iranian war" was
many really successful and beautiful operations and 8 years "across the river"
- more than all parts of the special forces of the Limited Contingent of the Soviet
troops in Afghanistan.

At the peak of development, the special forces of the GRU General Staff consisted of sixteen separate brigades(obrSpN) special purpose(one in each military district or group of forces) and individual companies (orSpN) - one in each combined arms army. With the exception of the Red Banner Transcaucasian Military District, where there were two (12th and 22nd, Kandahar) brigades.

Each special forces unit included a separate company - a company of special mines - the most formidable (and secret) weapon of special forces - portable nuclear land mines. To get to serve in such a company was equally difficult and honorable - a kind of elite of the elite ...

Specialists (signalmen and sappers), junior command staff, as well as warrant officers for special forces units were trained in the city of Pechory (Leningrad Military District) in the 1071st Special Purpose Training Regiment (disbanded in 1999). In 1985, the 467th separate special-purpose training regiment was formed in the city of Chirchik (Uzbek SSR, Turkestan military district). They trained both sergeants and many specialists - reconnaissance snipers, gunners, AGS-17 grenade launchers, sappers and radio operators, as well as ordinary reconnaissance officers.

Officers for special forces were trained on the basis of the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School. Initially, it was one company of cadets. Since 1981, in connection with the war in Afghanistan, on the basis of platoons of the famous ninth company, the 13th and 14th companies were formed, which were later consolidated into a battalion. Since 1994, the battalion in full strength was transferred to the Novosibirsk Higher Combined Arms Command School and deployed to five companies (the First Chechen began). Before the collapse of the USSR, in 1991, officers for special forces were trained by the intelligence department of the Kyiv VOK. The graduates of other combined-arms (infantry, in other words) schools were not closed to special forces. Graduates of the Baku, Alma-Ata, Tashkent, Far East and other schools served no less valiantly in special forces.

Specialist officers came from specialized schools. Engineers were provided by the Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School. Signalers - Cherepovets Higher Military Command School of Communications. Perm Higher Military Command Engineering School missile troops supplied specialists to special mining companies (jokingly, the commander of the special mining group was called "commander of the atomic bomb", the group was not numerous - only four scouts). Motorists came from Chelyabinsk, airborne service specialists from Ryazan, from the Faculty of Engineering.

Served in special forces and naval officers. Each of the four fleets of the USSR Navy and the Caspian flotilla had units naval special forces. From separate brigades in the part of the Navy, companies were regularly seconded to undergo naval training. And the personnel of individual companies of special forces (as well as reconnaissance battalions of combined arms divisions) underwent airborne training at the training base of individual brigades. In addition, the usual rotation of officers in military districts took place. As a result, in a small officer corps, almost everyone knew everyone, if not personally, then through one handshake. This contributed to the formation of a special corporate spirit.

The retraining of special forces officers took place at the legendary "SHOT" courses in the city of Solnechnogorsk, Moscow Region, for officers of special mining companies - in Zagoryansky. Some of the officers could continue their studies at the Military Academy. Frunze or at the Military Academy of the Soviet Army (otherwise it was called the Military Diplomatic Academy). Graduates of the latter often went to the Foreign Intelligence Service of the GRU General Staff or to the corps of military attaches.

The main purpose of special forces is reconnaissance and sabotage activities in the rear of regular enemy troops. Primary targets - means of nuclear attack, command and control centers and communications, headquarters, complexes precision weapons, airfields and facilities air defense. The concept of the combat use of special forces did not provide for its actions to combat partisans, bandit groups, illegal armed formations, militants, and so on. However, it was the special forces units that turned out to be the most adapted to counterguerrilla warfare in the deserts and mountains of Afghanistan and Chechnya due to their high morale, professionalism and flexible tactics. The special forces have to perform tasks that are not at all characteristic of them - guarding arsenals and airfields, escorting columns, personal protection of senior officers of the district headquarters and the headquarters itself, searching for and destroying armed deserters. (There were also quite exotic tasks, such as searching for the missing artillery ammunition with a special charge) The assignment of typical tasks of infantry or commandant companies to scouts was most often associated with degradation personnel motorized rifle units and, as a result, the inability to perform their tasks.

At the end of the 90s, special mining companies were abolished in the brigades. Separate companies were abolished. The training regiment and the ensign school were disbanded. Since 2010, there has been no recruitment of cadets to the Novosibirsk VOK for the special intelligence department. The recruitment of officers of special forces units to military academies and special courses has been stopped. The military-political leadership of the country also decided to disband separate special forces brigades. Today, there are four of them left in the Armed Forces of the country! The Russian Federation is not the USSR, the territory is smaller and there seems to be no global enemy, but it is very reckless to do so, I think!

In fact, special forces units remained the only units capable of resisting irregular armed formations in local conflicts. Price combat experience special forces - more than eight hundred dead scouts! And it turns out no one needs it! And this is at a time when the Caucasus is blazing, and sparks fly to the central part of the country. Personally, I do not understand such decisions. A gift for the holiday was the recent decision of the leadership of the Ministry of Defense to abolish the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff. We don't need military intelligence! So decided Serdyukov. The Supreme Commander approved! Of course, the officers have not gone away - they joined the ranks of the FSB and the FSO, Vympel and anti-terrorist regional centers, OMON, etc. Others joined the orderly ranks of the personal guards of the oligarchs, someone went into business, someone into crime. But this is another story, this is not the history of special forces.

Happy holiday! Happy 61st Anniversary of the Special Forces!

URSN (Special Forces Training Company listen)) - the first special forces unit in the internal troops of the Soviet Union.

According to the staff of the URSN, it was the 9th company of the 3rd motorized rifle battalion of the 2nd motorized rifle regiment Separate motorized rifle division special purpose VV Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. F. E. Dzerzhinsky (OMSDON).

In the 70s and 80s, in the troops of the Moscow garrison and among the employees of the Moscow Central Internal Affairs Directorate, it was better known as the "Ninth Company" - special forces internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

Story

The question of creating special forces units first arose in preparation for the 1980 Olympics, which was to be held in Moscow. Everyone remembered the failure of the police operation to free the hostages in Munich, when the entire Israeli team, taken hostage by terrorists, died.

In the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at that time there was no staff unit capable of solving the tasks of releasing hostages, detaining or eliminating armed groups with high training. True, in 1973 SOVO (combined operational military detachment) was formed to solve special problems. He took part in the operation to free hostages held by terrorists in a hijacked plane at Bykovo Airport. However, this formation was created temporarily, urgently, for a specific task. Soldiers of various units, as well as employees of various services, gathered in the detachment for the duration of the task. Accordingly, coherence, interaction and professionalism in such a unit were lame.

Considering all of the above, on December 29, 1977, a special-purpose training company (URSN) was created. The first company commander was Captain V. A. Maltsev (in 2002, Major General, Deputy Head of the Operations Directorate of the Main Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), and one of the platoon commanders, Lieutenant Sergey Lysyuk, the future commander of the Vityaz, Hero of Russia. The choice for the 9th company was not accidental. In terms of the level of general physical training of the fighters, it certainly surpassed the rest of the units not only of the 2nd regiment, but of the entire division. The company, which was a sports unit that served as a base, a reserve for the Dynamo society, was staffed exclusively by conscripts who, at the time of the call, had a sports category of at least a candidate for master of sports in athletics, gymnastics, boxing, wrestling (sambo, judo), shooting and other sports disciplines.

There were three platoons in the company, twenty people each: the 1st - construction, the 2nd - to prepare for action in the gym and for a demonstration show to the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Boxers, wrestlers, acrobats, gymnasts, etc. were selected for the platoon. The 3rd platoon was also athletic, but focused on handling weapons. He prepared like a fireman. The armament was regular. But in the 3rd platoon, there were additionally two AKM assault rifles with PBS.

It was in this unit that, for the first time in the Soviet Union, the maroon beret was adopted as a uniform headdress. By the spring of 1978, by order of the deputy commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Lieutenant General Sidorov, 50 berets were brought from Gorky. 25 green and 25 maroon. The form was normal. Only the 2nd platoon was dressed in a uniform for areas with a hot climate. It differed from the usual one in that straight-cut trousers with ankle fasteners and boots are worn. This form was considered the highest chic. Later, the right to wear the specified headgear was granted only to fighters who had reached a certain level of combat and physical training. To this end, the applicant had to pass the Trials. URSN - the first special forces unit in the internal troops Soviet Union. It was in this company that the traditions of the special forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were born. It was this company that served as the foundation for the creation in the future of all parts of the special forces of the USSR MV and, subsequently, the Russian MV. It was on the basis of the UBSN, after the company was reformed into a battalion, that the first Vityaz unit was formed. In fact, URSN is the founder of the special forces of the explosives.

At the first stage, a program was created, which provided for actions for various emergency situations on Olympic Games, namely when taking hostages in ground transport, in an airplane. The materials of the program were based on the experience and developments of the special forces of the KGB, the Airborne Troops, and foreign anti-terrorist units.

Intensive classes made it possible to prepare the company for the Olympics to perform the assigned tasks with high quality. The company at that time often trained together with the USSR KGB Group "A" (Alpha) being created at that time. URSN fighters surpassed Alpha in terms of physical training, but the "Alfovtsy" were better in terms of fire. It should be recalled here that officers served in Alpha, and conscripts served in URSN.

URSN, or, as it was also called, the 9th company, was a legend not only of the Dzerzhinsky Division, but also of the internal troops as a whole.

Participation in military operations

• The operation to free the hostages held by armed criminals in a school near Izhevsk in the summer of 1981. None of the hostages were hurt.

• suppression riots on the basis of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict in Ordzhonikidze on October 21, 1981, the detention of the instigators.

• Protection of investigators of the Prosecutor General's Office who were involved in the "Uzbek case" in 1984.

• On September 20, 1986, together with group "A" of the KGB of the USSR, participation in the operation to detain armed criminals who killed several policemen and free the plane they seized in Ufa.

• February 1988 - the suppression of Armenian pogroms in the city of Sumgayit of the Azerbaijan SSR, the detention of the organizers of the riots, active participants.

• July 4. Operation to unblock the runway and air traffic control tower of Zvartnots airport in Yerevan, seized by extremists in order to prevent the arrival of military transport aircraft with OMSDON units. The airport was unblocked without bloodshed, which allowed the planes to land safely and turn around in time for the arriving units.

• September 1988 - protection of the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Armenia, senior officials of the ministry.

• The second half of 1988 - special measures to suppress the activities of illegal gangs in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region and the city of Baku.

• In 1989 in Ferghana Valley a conflict broke out between Uzbek extremists and Meskhetian Turks. As a result of the skillful actions of the soldiers and officers of the company, the lives of hundreds of people of different nationalities were saved, many crimes were prevented, a large number of weapons, the instigators of the riots were arrested, and gangs that were preparing terrorist attacks against civilians were liquidated.

• In 1990, in the Sukhumi temporary detention facility, a group of prisoners sentenced to death penalty took the employees of the temporary detention facility hostage, after which they opened the cells with the arrested, took possession of the weapons stored in the detention center, which had previously been confiscated from the population, and demanded transport. The operation to free the hostages was carried out jointly by employees of the special unit of the KGB of the USSR "Alpha" and URSN fighters. As a result of the operation, the organizers of the riot were destroyed, none of the hostages were injured. One Alpha employee and one URSN fighter were wounded.

The Fergana events prompted the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to increase the organizational and staffing structure of the special forces unit of the VV. In 1989, the URSN was reorganized into a battalion (UBSN), on the basis of which the formation began on May 5, 1991 special unit"Knight". Later, other special forces units were created in the internal troops, but the day the URSN was created can rightfully be considered the birthday of everything military special forces Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Notes

Sources

• On June 19, solemn events dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the formation of a separate operational division of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia will be held.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

"Hussars" in Bamut.

We flew to Chechnya in the fall and a turntable picked us up, there were 6 of us, and 6 two-hundredths were unloaded from the turntable and the pilot said smiling, "And what about you to replace this or something?" But we returned alive, it did not come true.
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876 A separate special-purpose company, based in the Costa region of Vladikavkaz, at first took an active part in the elimination of the consequences of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict. Chermen, Chermensky circle, Tarskoye, Vladikavkaz. Patrol at the border, demining, protection of important people such as: Lozovoy, Kvashnin, Troshev and Shamanov. Then a business trip to Chechnya, I stayed there for 9 months. Basically, the unit was in Khankala and, by order of a helicopter, was sent to the mountains, then they processed squares in the mountains on foot, search and destruction of the irreconcilable, either by artillery or by aircraft, liquidation of oil refineries, search and release of prisoners and the capture of the Mujahideen. Bamut was a demobilization chord for me.
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"Hussars" in Bamut.
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We got to Bamut for two or three weeks. Our task was to blockade the village and continue to save the prisoners during the assault, if any. This was the only time when we acted with the reconnaissance company of the 166th Motorized Rifle Brigade (with the "Mad Company") to Bamut, we walked from the other side of the pass, there was such a moment: we confused them with militants and called artillery on them.

“My radio battery died, it only worked for reception. And I heard how someone with the call sign "Hussar" contacts our artillery and asks to send 3-5 "cucumbers" (mines), they say they are watching some kind of bodies. At the same time, our coordinates are called. The god of war was not stingy, sent 5 "cucumbers", and, most surprisingly, they did not miss this time.
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Left: Nikolay "Svyaz" and Yura "Moroz" in Bamut.

Near Bamut, we did not have skirmishes with militants, except for a single shelling, where we managed with one wounded. It was like this: We were walking from the bottom, and the militants were higher, they were noisy, we heard and lay down under the leaves of the fern (probably), in principle, the bearded men could see in the sight, but if they entered the battle, they would have killed many of us. Our position was not favorable. We waited ... someone apparently noticed something from them and gave a turn through the foliage in our direction. One bullet entered our guy, who was with VSS, in the arm, in the pulp. He was in front of me, I only saw how he clenched his teeth on the belt of the machine gun. There was no more shooting.

Later, we tried to contact the Lunatics, but they turned off the radio. "cucumbers" flew at us and at them, well, they apparently decided that they were detecting and beating by communication. We also turned off for a while (in fact, the radio operator Nikolai Svyaz simply ran out of battery on the radio and he worked only for reception).

The moment of the meeting and its details with the "Mad Company" was not remembered. We had a delay the day before, the turntable didn't arrive on time. And since yesterday evening we have been “on the easy side”, the fighters have not eaten anything. And then the guys shared with us dry rations.

"Hussars".

On the armor of the BMP "Hussars", on the right are the guys from the "Mad Company".

Then we went down from the hills, it was already completely dark. An order was given that to spend the night by the stream, if paired patrols appeared, then clean up silently - with knives and silent weapon. At night, when it started to rain, we ended up in a stream, and we wallowed in the water all night. In my opinion, something happened at night, but it's like "like drinking tea." Somewhere it’s noisy, you’re in line, then it seems like they answered, well, a couple more people will join you. On the morning of May 25, together with the Lunatics, they entered Bamut. As such, I don’t remember the battle, small skirmishes are not clear at whom, or rather we shot, before entering the house or courtyards, there were underground passages between the houses, grenades were thrown there, and so the whole village was plowed up by artillery. So the whole day passed, then we occupied some house and spent the night there. Then I had a little fight with the officers, we were tired, all the berets were covered in clay, and they let us drive like spirits, well, we sort of "pulled the shutters" a little. On the second day of our stay in Bamut, we went to the dungeons, missile silos, there was nothing interesting there, garbage was dirt and crap, then they brought sappers, Shamanov flew in and then they rushed these mines at the entrance, the entrance was filled up and everyone went home. I don’t remember years ago, it seems, on the turntable “Korova” in Khankala, the order for demobilization has long been. From Khankala by turntable back to Vladikavkaz and then home by train.

Combat use military formations performing reconnaissance and special tasks behind enemy lines, have their own rich history. Today we can recall the horse-chasseur teams of Field Marshal P.A. Rumyantsev; famous organizers partisan movement M.I.Kutuzov and Prince P.I.Bagration; actions behind enemy lines by DV Davydov; civil war in Spain and saboteur No. 1 I. G. Starinov, and many, many others.

Modern special forces did not appear from scratch. In the years civil war in a number of armies and fronts, special military units were created to train saboteurs, transfer them to the rear of the enemy and lead them. In the 1930s, in case of war in the border military districts, on the basis of engineering and sapper units, sabotage and partisan detachments and groups were prepared, which received the name "sapper-camouflage platoons." During the years of the Great Patriotic War authorities military intelligence fronts, a significant number of special military formations were created to conduct reconnaissance and sabotage operations behind enemy lines. Everyone is well aware of the famous separate special-purpose brigade in which he served.WWII hero Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

With the change in the military-political situation in the world after the end of the Second World War and the emergence nuclear weapons It was decided to create under the combined arms and mechanized armies, in airborne army and in military districts that did not have armies, special-purpose companies. On October 24, 1950, the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky signed Directive No. ORG / 2/395/832, ordering the formation of 46 special-purpose companies with a staff strength of 120 people by May 1, 1951, in all military districts, groups of troops and fleets. This day is considered to be the birthday of the GRU special forces and subunits.

The personnel of the first units were selected from army intelligence. The rich experience of reconnaissance and sabotage activities of Soviet partisans and intelligence saboteurs was widely used.

By May 1, 1951, 46 companies were formed with a staff strength of 120 people. All of them obeyed the Chief intelligence agency General Staff. In fact, special-purpose companies could be called "companies of miners-paratroopers", but due to the special focus of the tasks, they received the name they received.

The following tasks were set before the new formation: organizing and conducting reconnaissance, destroying any means of nuclear attack, identifying military formations andcarrying out special missions behind enemy lines, organizing and conducting sabotage actions, creating behind enemy linesrebel (partisan) units, etc.

Over time, the structure and quantitative composition of the special forces have changed more than once, but the essence of its mission has always remained the same.

At the very beginning of the 50s, the Soviet Army suffered a large reduction. Divisions, brigades and regiments were reduced by tens and hundreds, many corps, armies and districts were disbanded. The GRU special forces did not escape the fate of reductions either - in 1953, the 35th special-purpose company was disbanded. General N.V. Ogarkov saved special intelligence from a complete reduction, who was able to prove to the government the need to have such formations in the USSR Armed Forces.

In total, 11 special-purpose companies were retained. Companies remained in the most important operational areas:

• 18th separate special-purpose company of the 36th combined arms army of the Trans-Baikal Military District (near the town of Borzya);
• 26th separate special-purpose company of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (garrison in Furstenberg);
• 27th separate special-purpose company (district) in the Northern Group of Forces (Poland, Strzegom);
• 36th separate special-purpose company of the 13th combined arms army of the Carpathian military district (Khmelnitsky);
• 43rd separate special-purpose company of the 7th Guards Army of the Transcaucasian Military District (Lagodekhi);
• 61st Separate Special Purpose Company of the 5th Combined Arms Army of the Primorsky Military District (Ussuriysk);
• 75th separate special-purpose company in the Special Mechanized Army (Hungary, Nyiregyhaza);
• 76th separate special-purpose company of the 23rd combined arms army of the Leningrad Military District (Pskov);
• 77th separate special-purpose company of the 8th mechanized army of the Carpathian military district (Zhytomyr);
• 78th separate special-purpose company (district) in the Taurida military district (Simferopol);
• 92nd separate special-purpose company of the 25th combined-arms army of the Primorsky military district (n. p. Fighter Kuznetsov).

Among total number of the disbanded special forces companies, we should mention the companies that, in addition to the general “special forces” training, also had special conditions of service: for example, the fighters of the 99th separate special forces company (district) of the Arkhangelsk military district in combat training focused on performing tasks in difficult conditions In the Arctic, scouts of the 200th separate special-purpose company of the Siberian Military District studied “Chinese. theater of operations, and the personnel of the 227th separate special-purpose company of the 9th combined arms army of the North Caucasian military district underwent mountain training.

In 1956, the 61st separate special-purpose company of the 5th combined arms army of the Far Eastern military district was relocated to the Turkestan military district in the city of Kazandzhik. Probably, the leadership of the General Staff decided to pay attention to the southern "Islamic" direction. The second wave of the formation of separate special-purpose companies took place at the beginning of the 70s.

Apparently, at that time the fathers of the General Staff decided to give a "special purpose tool" not only to the fronts (districts), but also to some combined arms formations. As a result, several separate companies were formed for armies and army corps. Several companies were formed for internal military districts that did not previously have special intelligence units. In particular, the 791st separate special-purpose company was formed in the Siberian Military District. In the Western Group of Forces in Germany and on Far East separate companies were formed in each army.

In 1979, the 459th separate special-purpose company was formed as part of the Turkestan military district for the purpose of subsequent use in Afghanistan. The company will be introduced into the DRA and will show itself in the best possible way. Another wave of formation of separate special-purpose companies occurred in the mid-80s. Then companies were formed in all armies and corps, which until that moment did not have such units. Companies were formed even in such exotic (but quite justified) areas as Sakhalin (877th separate special-purpose company of the 68th Army Corps) and Kamchatka (571st separate special-purpose company of the 25th Army Corps).

In 1957, the leadership of the Armed Forces of the USSR decided to reorganize five special-purpose companies into battalions. By the end of the year, the USSR Armed Forces included five special-purpose battalions and four separate special-purpose companies:

· 26th Separate Special Purpose Battalion GSVG (Fürstenberg);

· 27th Special Purpose Hotel Battalion of the SGV (Stregom);

· 36th separate special-purpose battalion of the PrikVO (Khmelnitsky);

· 43rd separate special-purpose battalion 3akVO (Lagodekhi);

· 61st Separate Special Purpose Battalion TurkVO (Kazandzhik);

· 18th separate special-purpose company 36th od 3aBVO (Borzya);

· 75th separate special-purpose company of the South GV (Nyiregyhaza);

· 77th separate special-purpose company of the 8th TD PrikVO (Zhytomyr);

· 78th separate special-purpose company of the OdVO (Simferopol).

At the same time, two companies were disbanded, the personnel of which went to staff new battalions. For example, the 92nd separate special-purpose company of the 25th Army of the Far Eastern Military District was urgently loaded onto the echelon and sent to Poland - on the basis of this company and the 27th company of the Northern Group of Forces, the 27th separate special-purpose battalion was formed in the SGV .. The transfer of special forces to the battalion structure made it possible to optimize educational process, freeing a significant part of the personnel from garrison and guard duty. Three battalions were concentrated in the western (European) direction, one was in the Caucasus and one more in Central Asia.

Three companies were on westbound, and only one special-purpose company at that time we had on eastbound as part of the 36th Army of the Trans-Baikal Military District. Subsequently, after the creation of the brigades, the special-purpose battalions became known as detachments, and organizationally they were all part of the brigades. Starting from the 60s, battalions did not exist as independent combat units, with the exception of individual detachments of brigades, which could be allocated from the formation for operations in separate operational areas, but in Peaceful time continued to be in the brigades.

The experience of conducting combat training and various exercises showed the need to create formations in the GRU system that are much larger than the existing separate battalions, which would be able to solve an expanded range of tasks.

In particular, during the threatened period, special forces were supposed to engage not only in reconnaissance and sabotage behind enemy lines, but also in the formation of partisan detachments in the occupied territory (or in the territory that could be occupied). In the future, relying on these partisan formations, the special forces had to solve their problems. It was the partisan orientation that was the priority combat mission of the formations being created.

In accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU of August 20, 1961 "On the training of personnel and the development of special equipment for organizing and equipping partisan detachments" by the directive of the General Staff of February 5, 1962, in order to train and accumulate personnel for the deployment of the partisan movement in war time the commanders of the military districts were ordered to select 1,700 reserve servicemen, bring them into a brigade and conduct a thirty-day training camp.

After the training camp, the personnel were assigned special military registration specialties. They were not allowed to be booked national economy and not be used for its intended purpose.

By the directive of the General Staff of March 27, 1962, drafts of the states of special-purpose brigades for peacetime and wartime were developed.

Since 1962, the creation of 10 cadre brigades began, the formation and arrangement of which was basically completed by the end of 1963:

• 2nd obrSpN(military unit 64044), formed on December 1, 1962 (according to other sources, in 1964) on the basis of the collapsed 76th Special Forces Special Forces of the LenVO and the personnel of the 237th Guards Parachute Regiment, first commander - D.N. Grishakov; Leningrad Military District, Pechory, Promezhitsy;
• 4th obrSpN(military unit 77034), formed in 1962 in Riga, first commander - D.S. Zhizhin; Baltic Military District, then transferred to Viljandi;
• 5th obrSpN(military unit 89417), formed in 1962, first commander - I.I. Kovalevsky; Belarusian military district, Maryina Gorka;
• 8th obrSpN(military unit 65554), formed in 1962 on the basis of the 36th OBSPN, Carpathian Military District, Izyaslav, Ukraine;
• 9th obrSpN(military unit 83483), formed in 1962, the first commander - L.S. Egorov; Kiev Military District, Kirovograd, Ukraine;
• 10th obrSpN(military unit 65564), formed in 1962, Odessa military district, Stary Krym, Pervomaisky;
• 12th obrSpN(military unit 64406), formed in 1962 on the basis of the 43rd OBSPN, the first commander was I.I. Geleverya; 3 Caucasian Military District, Lagodekhi, Georgia;
• 14th obrSpN(military unit 74854), formed on January 1, 1963 on the basis of the 77th orb, first commander - P.N. Rymin; Far Eastern Military District, Ussuriysk;
• 15th obrSpN(military unit 64411), formed on January 1, 1963 on the basis of the 61st Special Operations Division, first commander - N.N. Lutsev; Turkestan Military District, Chirchik, Uzbekistan;
• 16th obrSpN(military unit 54607), formed on January 1, 1963, first commander - D.V. Shipka; Moscow military district, Chuchkovo.

The brigades were formed mainly by military personnel of the reconnaissance units of the airborne and ground forces. For example, the officer backbone of the 14th Special Forces Special Forces of the Far Eastern Military District during the formation was staffed by officers of the 98th Guards Airborne Division from Belogorsk (from which 14 officers - participants in the Second World War came to the brigade), and the personnel military service was recruited from the military.

Basically, the formation of the first ten brigades ended on the 7th beginning of 1963, but, for example, the 2nd Special Forces, according to some sources, was finally formed only in 1964.

The organizational and staffing structure of a separate special-purpose brigade in 1963 was as follows:

• brigade headquarters (about 30 people);
• one deployed Special Forces detachment (164 people in the state);
• a reduced-staff special radio communications detachment (about 60 people);
• three cadre detachments of the Special Forces;
• two framed separate detachments of Special Forces;
• economic support company;

in addition, the brigade included such collapsed units as:

• company of special mining;
• group special weapons(ATGM, RS Grad-P, P3RK).

In peacetime, the size of a cadre brigade did not exceed 200-300 people; according to the wartime states, a fully deployed special-purpose brigade had more than 2,500 people.

At the beginning of its existence, the brigades were cadre, and in particular, in the 9th Special Forces, stationed in Ukraine in the city of Kirovograd, there were initially six detachments, in which only the first detachment had two special forces companies, a special weapons platoon and a special radio communications platoon. The other five detachments had only commanders. The command, headquarters and political department of the brigade consisted of thirty people. Colonel L.S. Egorov was appointed the first commander of the 9th brigade, but soon he received a spinal injury on parachute jumps, and Colonel V.I. Arkhireev was appointed commander of the brigade.

By the end of 1963, the USSR Armed Forces included (some in the process of formation):

• twelve separate special purpose companies;
• two separate special-purpose battalions;
• ten separate special purpose brigades (frame).

Soon, special forces units and units were reorganized, as a result of which, by the end of 1964, the composition of the USSR Armed Forces remained:

• six separate special purpose companies;
• two separate special-purpose battalions (26th and 27th) in the western direction;
• ten separate framed special forces brigades.

In August 1965, the Chief of the General Staff for generals and officers of military intelligence and special forces engaged in combat training of personnel in the tactics of partisan actions approved the "Manual on the organization and tactics of partisans."

At that time, special-purpose brigades were perceived by everyone in this way - as a reserve for deploying guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. The special forces were even called that - partisans. The experience of creating such formations, it seems, came from the training of the partisan special reserve in the late 20s - early 30s, as you know, all its members were repressed in the late 30s.

In 1966, in the Odessa military district, the 165th The educational center special purpose. The center was based in the Simferopol region and existed at least until 1990.

In 1966, in Furstenberg (Werder garrison, Neu-Timmen) on the basis of the 5th Guards Separate Reconnaissance Motorcycle Battalion (former during the war, the 5th Guards Warsaw-Berlin Reconnaissance Motorcycle Regiment, which was formed in 1944) by the directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the GSVG, on the basis of the 26th OBSpN, with the involvement of the forces of the 27th OBSPN, the 48th and 166th orbs, a special-purpose unit of a new type was formed - the 3rd obrSpN, which inherited from the 5th motorcycle battalion got the guards rank . Colonel R.P. was appointed commander of the new brigade. Mosolov. The brigade received the code name of military unit 83149. The main difference between the new brigade and the existing ones was that the brigade, even during formation, was deployed to a full, special staff, and also that the brigade included separate units - separate special forces.

This brigade at that time was the most complete (up to 1300 personnel) and was in constant combat readiness to perform tasks as intended. The detachments of the brigade were formed in a slightly different state than the detachments of the brigades that were stationed in the USSR. These detachments had a staff of 212 people, while the "allied" brigades had detachments with a staff of only 164 people. The full name of the formation: 3rd Separate Guards Red Banner Warsaw-Berlin Order of Suvorov, 3rd Class Special Purpose Brigade.

As part of the brigade, special forces were formed: 501st, 503rd, 509th, 510th, 512th.

In 1968, under the leadership of the senior officer of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff, Colonel Shchelokov, the 9th company of special forces cadets was created in the Lenin Komsomol RVVDKU as part of three platoons, and in 1979 the company was deployed into a special forces battalion (13th and 14th companies) .

Also, the Kiev Combined Arms Command School was engaged in training personnel for special forces, which produced officers with the specialty "referent-translator".

In 1978 at the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze was created at the intelligence faculty of the 4th study group special forces officers. In 1981, the first release of the "special forces" group took place.

In 1969, on the basis of the 16th detachment of Special Forces of the Moscow Military District in the village of Chuchkovo Ryazan region The Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff conducted an operational-strategic experimental exercise, the purpose of which was to work out the issues of the combat use of special forces. To ensure the transfer of personnel and cargo to the rear of the enemy, military transport aviation. Take-off and landing airfield - Dyagilevo. To designate nuclear and other means mass destruction, their protection and defense, as well as to counter the landing, collect and store their parachutes, the personnel of six (2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 9th and 10th) special forces brigades were involved.

In 1970, a special purpose training company was deployed in Pechory, which was later reorganized into a training battalion, and then into the 1071st Special Purpose Training Regiment (military unit 51064), which trained junior commanders and specialists for special purpose units. At the 1071st UpSpN, a school of ensigns functioned for special forces.

Since the mid 70s General base found an opportunity to deploy brigades, increasing the number of personnel in them. As a result of this decision, it was possible to complete the detachments of brigades by 60-80%. From this period, special-purpose brigades became combat-ready and were no longer considered only as a partisan reserve.

On June 12, 1975, the head of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces approved the "Instructions for combat use formations, units and subunits (brigade, detachment, battalion) for special purposes.

In 1972, as part of the Group Soviet troops in Mongolia, two brigades were formed, the numbering of which is in the same row as the numbers of special forces brigades, however, these brigades were called "separate reconnaissance brigades". The new brigades included three separate reconnaissance battalions armed with infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, and units combat support, which was due to the nature of the terrain in the responsibility band of the GSVM. However, each of these brigades had "jumping" reconnaissance and airborne companies, and each brigade also had its own separate helicopter squadron. Most likely, when creating these brigades, the General Staff tried to find the optimal organization of special forces units that were to operate in the mountainous desert area.

As a result, the 20th and 25th separate reconnaissance brigades were formed. There were no similar formations in the Soviet Army anywhere else. In the mid-80s, these brigades were reorganized into separate mechanized brigades and became part of the newly formed 48th Guards Army Corps, and with the collapse of the USSR, after the withdrawal of troops from Mongolia, they were disbanded.

At the end of the 1970s, the General Staff found an opportunity to transfer special forces brigades from staffed to deployed, as well as to find reserves for the formation of two more brigades. The 22nd Special Purpose Brigade was formed on July 24, 1976 in the Central Asian Military District in the city of Kapchagay on the basis of one of the detachments of the 15th Brigade, a company of the Special Radio Communications Detachment of the 15th Brigade, the 525th and 808th separate special purpose companies Central Asian and Volga military districts. Until 1985, the brigade was in Kapchagai, later changed its location several times and in given time located in Aksai Rostov region(military unit 11659).

24th Special Purpose Brigadewas formed in the Trans-Baikal Military District on November 1, 1977 on the basis of the 18th Special Forces and was initially deployed in the area of ​​​​n. the village of Kharabyrka, Chita region (23rd site), then in 1987 it was transferred to the village. Kyakhta, and in 2001 was transferred to Ulan-Ude (military unit 55433), and then to Irkutsk. When the brigade was transferred to Kyakhta, the 282nd ooSpN was transferred to the 14th detachment of the Far Eastern Military District and relocated to the city of Khabarovsk.

Later, in 1984, in the Siberian Military District, on the basis of the 791st OrdnSpN, the 67th Special Forces Brigade was formed, which is deployed in the city of Berdsk Novosibirsk region(military unit 64655).

In 1985, during afghan war, in Chirchik, in place of the 15th brigade that had gone to Afghanistan, the 467th special-purpose training regiment (military unit 71201) was formed, which trained personnel for special-purpose units operating in Afghanistan. The regiment consisted of training battalions and support units. The training regiment had great privileges in the selection of personnel. If during the selection of conscripts for this regiment, the officer encountered any difficulties at the recruiting station, the issues that arose were resolved with one telephone call to the GRU.

According to the state, special forces, which are part of the brigades stationed on the territory of the USSR, included:

• three special-purpose companies (42 people each);

In total, the detachment consisted of 164 people.

Special Forces, which are part of the 3rd Guards ObrSpN, had next state:

• detachment management (6 people);
• three special-purpose companies (58 people each);
• company of special radio communications (32 people).

In total, these detachments had 212 personnel each.

A separate army company for special purposes had in different time in the state from 115 to 127 people.

Soviet special forces were involved in combat operations abroad. The first major foreign operation of special forces was carried out in 1968 in Prague (Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic). Presumably, units of the 3rd, 8th and 9th special forces brigades took part in the hostilities in Czechoslovakia. Army special forces also participated in combat operations in Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Cuba and Vietnam, and in Afghanistan. In total, the army special forces sent their units to two dozen countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa.

Parts of the special purpose of the Armed Forces of Ukraine:

• 10 separate special forces detachment (Kyiv)

• 3rd separate regiment special purpose (Kirovograd)

• 8th Separate Special Purpose Regiment (Khmelnitsky)
• 50th separate training detachment special training(as a separate battalion) (Kirovograd)
• 801st separate detachment for combating underwater sabotage, forces and means. (Sevastopol)
• 73rd maritime center special operations Naval Forces of Ukraine. (Ochakov).

Congratulations, colleagues!!!