Presentation on the theme reserve, protected areas of Crimea. Crimea is reserved. Kazantip Nature Reserve
Today we will talk about the wealth that is inexhaustible on this fertile land, but at the same time, which requires careful attitude, conservation – we will talk about protected areas Crimea. In the dictionary of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov it says Reserve - a protected area where rare and valuable plants, animals.
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Single lesson 09.20.17 Yakubova L.L.
"Reserved places of Crimea"
Target: introduce you to nature reserves Crimean peninsula- the beauty of nature, which must be protected to preserve the unique natural heritage to future generations.
Tasks:
- nurturing love for the nature of one’s country, a sense of patriotism;
- fostering a culture of behavior in nature reserves and game reserves;
- expanding the range of environmental knowledge.
Progress of the lesson
1. Teacher's word:
Crimea is an amazing place that aroused admiration from everyone who visited here. It did not leave indifferent many writers, poets and artists who visited here. The delightful nature of Crimea, its turbulent history, multinational culture inspired many generations of creative people.
Today we will talk about the wealth that is inexhaustible on this fertile land, but at the same time, which requires careful treatment and preservation - we will talk about the protected areas of Crimea.
Reserve is a word
Everyone knows it.
Animals are protected there,
They feed and protect.
Hunting is prohibited here.
They show care here
About forest plants,
Meadow and field,
Reservoirs and swamps.
All nature lives here
Under human protection.
Let's turn to explanatory dictionary and let's see what the reserve is?
- The dictionary of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov saysA reserve is a protected area where rare and valuable plants and animals are protected and reproduced.
Crimean Nature Reserve.
Crimean reserve is the largest on the Crimean Peninsula.
It is located among the highest mountain peaks, including such peaks as Chatyr-Dag, Demir-Kapu, Kemal-Egerek and the most high point Crimea - Mount Roman-Kosh.
SLIDE
Through reserve passes Nikitsky Pass - the highest pass in Crimea.
The vegetation of the reserve is very rich and diverse, with more than 1,200 species. Oak, beech and pine forests occupy the main area of the reserve.
The fauna is represented by more than 200 species of vertebrates. Many of them are included in various environmental books and red lists. But the king of the reserve is the noble Crimean deer.
About 70 species of birds nest in the reserve. In more remote places such birds nest rare birds, like the griffon vulture and the black vulture.
There are 300 springs on the territory of the reserve.
SLIDE
The most famous is Savlukh-su, whose water is rich in microelements, especially silver, which allows the water to be suitable for consumption for a very long time.
The territory is replete with cultural and historical monuments, there are about 80 of them. There are valuable archaeological excavations here.
Magnificent trout ponds are located not far from mountain river Alma.
Crimean reserve is engaged not only in environmental protection and research activities. It is open for sightseeing and educational tourism.
SLIDE
Yalta Nature Reserve.
Yalta reserve located on the southern slopeCrimean mountains and stretches from Foros to Gurzuf for more than 40 km.
The climate in the lower part is predominantly Mediterranean, but becomes more moderate with increasing altitude. Thereby vegetable world very diverse. Coniferous, oak and beech forests occupy significant areas, but Special attention here we focus specifically on Crimean pine. In the reserve you can also find juniper and pistachio trees.
More than 35 species of mammals and about 150 species of birds, more than 20 species of reptiles and amphibians live here. The most common are red deer, roe deer, mouflon, Crimean fox, Crimean weasel, brown hare.
Reserve open to visitors all year round, with the exception of very hot days summer months when fire danger increases.
SLIDE
Special routes have been developed here for tourists that pass through interesting natural objects: Ai-Petri teeth, Uchan-Su waterfall, Alimushka, Shishko, Stavri-Kaya rocks.
Climbing to the Ai-Petri plateau, you can see a magnificent view of the Crimean coast. You can also get here by cable car, the lower landing area of which is located in Miskhor
SLIDE
There is a nearby cave Three-Eyes, where one hall is open to the public.
You can ride a horse through the pine-oak forest above Gurzuf; a special tourist route for horseback riding has been organized here.
Yalta reserve – this is another pearl of such a rich and unique Crimea.
SLIDE
Nature Reserve Cape Martyan.
Reserve Cape Martyan is located in the south of Crimea, east of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden.
This is the smallestreserve Crimea. It is located on the cape of the same name.
The flora of the reserve includes more than 530 plant species, 38 of which are listed in the Red Book. The main task environmental measures– preserve a unique corner of Mediterranean nature (plants such as high juniper and small-fruited strawberry are of particular value).
The adjacent waters of the Black Sea are also under protection. This is the only place where shipping and all types of underwater hunting and fishing are prohibited, due to which the number of underwater inhabitants has noticeably increased.
SLIDE
Black Sea dolphins often come here - white-sided dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and Azov dolphins.
The fauna of the reserve is very rich: 150 species of birds, 18 species of mammals, 70 species of fish, 700 species of insects.
There is an ecological trail in the reserve, along which excursions are conducted.
IN summer season You can swim on the reserve's beach.
SLIDE
Tour desks offer excursions toreserve Cape Martyan with a simultaneous visit to the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden - the most popular excursion site in Crimea.
SLIDE
Karadag reserve.
Karadag reserve is familiar to many travel lovers as the most beautiful corner of Crimea.
SLIDE
The main attraction is the only extinct volcano in Europe, Karadag, which has preserved not only traces of weathering, but also traces of the eruption process itself, which took place about 150 million years ago.
Since 1914, there have been ongoing scientific works, and in 1979, Karadagsky was founded on the basis of the scientific stationreserve , which occupies the territory between the villages of Kurortnoye, Shchebetovka and Koktebel.
The fauna and flora of the reserve are very rich, with more than 2,500 plants and 5,300 animal species. Wild boar, fox, roe deer, squirrel, hedgehog, brown hare, and stone marten live here.
The water area is inhabited by typical Black Sea inhabitants. Along the shores of the reserve you can find black sea dolphins Azovka, bottlenose dolphin, and common dolphin.
The coastline is favored by crested cormorants, which form numerous colonies here.
A visit to the reserve is organized along special ecological trails, accompanied by scientific staff.
SLIDE
The Golden Gate Island Rock is business card reserve.
SLIDE
Bizarre rocks have excited the imagination since ancient times, as evidenced by the names translated from Tatar as the Devil's Mouth and the Devil's Finger. Unique landscapes have always attracted travelers and creative people here.
Crimea is a wonderful corner of generous nature, a museum under open air. The paths of his history are complex and whimsical, When you try to trace them from today- it begins to seem as if someone omnipotent was playing with this small peninsula, like a precious toy: “But I’ll do something else with it... And what will happen?”...
Time changes, peoples change, but the love for Crimea remains unchanged...Love for this amazing corner of the Earth.
4. Statements (in a chain) of class participants:
Crimea is a planet in miniature.
Crimea is a fragment of the ancient Ecumene at the very doors of Russia. Slide 1
Protected places of Crimea. Single lesson: MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION BOGATOVSKAYA SECONDARY SCHOOL Teacher: Yakubova L.L.
Goal: to introduce the reserves of the Crimean peninsula - the beauty of nature, which must be protected in order to preserve the unique natural heritage for future generations. Objectives: fostering love for the nature of one’s country, a sense of patriotism; fostering a culture of behavior in nature reserves and game reserves; expanding the range of environmental knowledge.
Crimean Nature Reserve.
Nikitsky pass. Memorial sign
Source Savlukh-Su
Yalta Nature Reserve.
Ai-Petri teeth
Wuchang-Su waterfall.
Three-Eyes Cave.
Nature Reserve Cape Martyan.
Dolphins of the Black Sea Belobochka Bottlenose dolphin Azovka
Nikitsky Botanical Garden.
Karadag reserve.
Volcano Karadag.
Rock-island Golden Gate.
Devil's finger rock.
Crimea. Crimea is a planet in miniature. Crimea is a connection of all healing powers Nature and a reserve of its wonders, Crimea is a land where all year round, something blooms every day. Crimea is an arena for the play of all elements - sea, air and underground. Crimea is a workshop of human genius and a museum of his creations. Crimea is a hospitable home, always ready to receive guests.
Specially protected natural areas of Crimea
Slide No. 1
The purpose of the lesson: study the protected natural areas of Crimea; get to know the types of specially protected natural areas, their function; study the development of the reserve fund in Crimea.
Subject results. Teach to highlight essential features specially protected areas of Crimea; show the role of specially protected areas (specially protected areas) for conservation biological diversity biosphere; develop the ability to compare environmental protection areas of Crimea, draw conclusions and conclusions based on comparison.
Personal results: formation ecological culture based on recognition of the value of life in all its manifestations and the need for a responsible, careful attitude towards environment;
Meta-subject results: ability to work with different sources of biological information: find biological information in various sources (textbook text, popular science and reference books), analyze and evaluate information; the ability to classify - to determine the belonging of biological objects to a certain systematic group; the ability to compare biological objects and processes, to be able to draw conclusions based on comparison.
Basic concepts and terms: specially protected areas, world heritage monuments, nature reserves, sanctuaries, National parks, natural monuments, arboretums, botanical gardens.
Equipment and materials : computer, screen, lesson presentation, printouts didactic material for students.
Lesson type: discovering new knowledge, acquiring new skills and abilities.
Teaching methods : explanatory-illustrative, problem-search, brainstorming, group work.
During the classes
Classroom Organization (3 minutes)
Poems about human responsibility for preserving nature against the background of music
Good afternoon guys, today we have an unusual lesson, a lesson that makes you think and change your view of nature. I would like to start the lesson with a wonderful poem by the poet Alexander Smirnov.
Slides No. 2,3
There is just a temple, there is a temple of science,
(slides No. 4,5)
And there is also a temple of nature, with forests stretching their arms towards the sun and winds.
(Slide 6.7)
He is holy at any time of the year, open to us in hot and cold weather. Come here, be a little hearty,
(Slide No. 8)
Do not desecrate his shrines.
Slide No. 9
Teacher Questions:
Who is the poet addressing?
What is the purpose of writing this poem?
Updating students' basic knowledge (4 minutes)
Slides No. 9, 10
What do the organisms shown on the slide have in common? (endemics)
Slides No. 11,12
What do the organisms shown on the slide have in common? (relics)
Slides No. 13,14
What do the organisms on the slide have in common? (rare and endangered species of Crimea)
Problem situation (2 minutes)
Slide No. 15
Facts about daily species extinction (graph)
Slides No. 16,17
Biodiversity and its role in preserving the biosphere
What to do in such a situation?
Finding a way out of a problem situation using brainstorming (2 minutes)
Assumption : protect biodiversity at all levels: global, national, regional, local.
The key word is protect!
Mini-lecture (15 minutes)
Slide No. 18
Specially protected natural areas - territories within which they are protected from traditional economic use and maintained in their natural state to preserve ecological balance, as well as for scientific, educational, cultural and aesthetic purposes.
Slide No. 19
Currently in the world total protected natural areas exceeded 2,600 with a total area of over 4 million km2, which is 3% of the land area.
Slide No. 20
Wildlife sanctuaries - areas of natural territories within which (permanently or temporarily) are prohibited individual species and shapes economic activity person.
Reserves - specially protected areas (and water areas), completely excluded from any economic activity for the sake of preserving rare and endangered species.
Game reserve - an area of territory allocated for intensive reproduction of game and intended for strictly regulated hunts.
National Park - usually a large area of territory allocated for the conservation of nature for health and aesthetic purposes, as well as in the interests of science, culture and education.
Natural monument - individual natural objects (waterfalls, caves, geysers, unique gorges, ancient trees etc.), having scientific, historical, cultural and aesthetic significance.
Slide No. 21
World Heritage Monument - in 1972, in the face of a growing threat to the natural and cultural heritage of mankind, UNESCO adopted the World Heritage Convention, establishing the Fund, the funds of which are used to protect monuments of world culture, unique natural areas or sites, usually of national importance. Currently in International List The World Heritage Site includes 337 natural and cultural sites.
Slide number 22
Analyze the table. Select the top three.Determine which country has the most developed nature reserves, and which country practically does not deal with nature conservation issues.
Slide No. 23
1. The top three are:
1st place – New Zealand, 2nd place - Austria, 3rd place - Russia and Costa Rica
2. Nature conservation is most developed in New Zealand (16% of the country - PA)
3. Nicaragua practically does not deal with environmental issues (0.12% of the country - OTO)
Slide No. 24
Reserves of Crimea
Slides No. 25 -32
Crimean State Reserve
Slides No. 33-35
Cape Martyan
Slides No. 36 -39
Karadag
Slides No. 40-44
Opukskiy
Slides No. 45-47
Kazantipsky
Consolidation of what has been learned (17 minutes)
Slide No. 48
Working with a table. The teacher explains the conditions for working in groups. Asks you to find task No. 1 on the tables. Students complete the task. Self-test.
Slide No. 49
The teacher explains the conditions of task No. 2 and asks to find it on the tables. Semantic reading, detecting errors in texts. Peer review.
Correspondence of terms and their definitions (task No. 3).
The teacher walks between the tables and checks the correct execution.
assigning points to groups.
Slide No. 50
Reflection (2 minutes)
Did you learn anything new today?
What did you find most interesting?
What do you think is the most important thing you learned?
What conclusion did you come to?
Slide No. 51
Take care Crimean nature for future generations! Goodbye!
Crimean nature reserve state reserve, largest reserve Crimea. Area ha. Is under the jurisdiction of the Presidential Administration Department Russian Federation. The administration of the reserve is located at the address: Crimea, Alushta, st. Partizanskaya, 42. The reserve includes 5 forest districts and the Razdolnensky ornithological branch “Swan Islands”, and the reserve also manages the Karkinitsky ornithological reserve of wetlands of national importance with a water area of hectares.
The Crimean Nature Reserve is one of the oldest in Crimea. The creation of the “Imperial Hunting Reserve” in 1913 is considered to be the beginning of the conservation of the territory that is now part of it. At that time, a huntsman service was organized for the royal hunting reserve, and on Mount Bolshaya Chuchel, forest areas were allocated for displaying animals brought to the Crimea: Caucasian deer, Dagestan aurochs and bezoar goats, Corsican mouflons, and bison. After the establishment of Soviet power in Crimea, on July 30, 1923, according to the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, a reserve with an area of more than 16 thousand hectares was created on the site of the royal reserve. Later in 1923, its area expanded to 23 thousand hectares. Research work is being organized in the reserve, a weather station, a laboratory, and a nature museum are appearing.
During the Great Patriotic War The reserve was severely damaged by fires (more than 1.5 thousand hectares of protected forests were destroyed), bison were completely exterminated, a significant number of deer, roe deer and other animals died, and the scientific base and museum were destroyed. However, immediately after the liberation of Crimea in 1944, the reserve began to be restored. Its area was increased to 30.3 thousand hectares. In 1957, the reserve was turned into the Crimean State Game Reserve. During the times of Soviet leaders N.S. Khrushchev and L.I. Brezhnev, the former reserve turned into a hunting ground for high-ranking officials not only from the USSR, but also from other countries. The status of the reserve was returned to this territory only in June 1991 by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. A branch of the Lebyazhy Islands Nature Reserve was created in 1949. in 2014, the reserve was transferred under the supervision of the Russian State Traffic Police.
The main part of the reserve occupies the center of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, a branch of the reserve is located in the west of the Crimean steppe zone and occupies part of the waters of the Karkinitsky Bay of the Black Sea. Area of the mountain-forest part Crimean Nature Reserve formed from sections of the mountains of the Main Ridge, the basin between the mountains and the slopes of the Inner Ridge of the Crimean Mountains. Here are the highest mountain ranges of Crimea: Yalta yayla, Gurzuf yayla, Babugan-yayla, Chatyr-Dag-yayla with the peaks: Roman-Kosh (1545 m), Bolshaya Chuchel (1387 m), Chernaya (1311 m). Most of the massifs extend from southwest to northeast and have a cuesta structure.
A large number of precipitation and dense forest cover determined that many Crimean rivers Alma, Kacha, Tavelchuk, Kosse, Marta, Ulu-Uzen, Avunda, Derekoyka, Donga originate in the central part of the reserve. There are about 300 mountain springs and springs here, among which the most famous is Savlukh-Su, thanks to its healing water with silver ions. Limestone rocks that make up most of the rocks on the territory of the reserve, led to the widespread distribution of karst landforms: cavities, wells, grottoes, mines and caves. General relief The main part of the reserve is characterized by significant elevation changes, ruggedness and heterogeneity.
Climatic conditions mountain forest part of the reserve depend on altitudinal zone, directions of mountain ranges and slope exposures. Decreases from the bottom to the top average monthly temperature and the average annual precipitation is increasing. average temperature January at the foot of the mountains is +2°C, July +22°C. While on the peaks (on the yayla), temperatures below 0°C can be maintained for up to four months. Summer in the mountains is also not very warm. The amount of precipitation on the yailas exceeds 1000 mm per year, and at the lower base of the northern slopes it does not exceed 470 mm. Most of the precipitation falls in the cold season.
The Crimean Nature Reserve is distinguished by its rich vegetation. More than 1,200 plant species grow here (half of the Crimean flora), of which 29 species are included in the European Red List (Eremur Crimean, Crimean cotoneaster, Siberian Sobolevskie, Dzevanovsky's thyme, Lagozeris purpurea and red-headed, Prangos trifid), and another 9 species are protected by the Berne Convention . 100 species of plants and mushrooms growing in the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Russia. These include leafless chinwort, large astrantia, summer whiteflower, Pallas's larkspur, pale orchis, purple, salep, male, hairy feather grass, stone-loving, beautiful, green-flowered lyubka, Yalin resin, Crimean lumbago, coastal chill, yew berry, narrow-leaved and beautiful crocus , stinking juniper, deciduous griffola, curly sparaxis, red camelina and many others.
The distribution of vegetation throughout the reserve depends on altitudinal zones. At an altitude of up to 450 m, oak forests grow, consisting of downy oak (Quercus pubescens) and eastern hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), and on the southern slope of the Main Ridge, up to a height of 400 m, oak-pine forests grow from downy and sessile oak and Crimean pine (Pinus Pallasiana). Beech-pine forests grow above 1 m on the southern slopes; on all other slopes, up to 1 m high, there are forests of sessile oak (Quercus petraea), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and ash. Even higher lies a belt of dense hornbeam, beech, consisting of Crimean beech (Fagus taurica Popl.), and hornbeam-beech forests, extending to the very yayls or to a narrow strip of pine forests. Frequent companions of beech and hornbeam are the species of maple endemic to the Crimea (Acer stevenii), mountain ash, euonymus, and dogwood.
At altitudes above m, forest vegetation gives way to meadow and steppe vegetation. Here the mountain meadows begin. Yaily is the kingdom of herbs. From late April to autumn the following flowers bloom here: crocuses, adonis, irises, violets, adonis, speedwell, cinquefoil, meadowsweet, bedstraw, yarrow, St. John's wort, oregano, sleep-grass, Bieberstein's edelweiss (Crimean edelweiss). Yayla grasses: fescue, steppe misfire, clover, cuffs, feather grass, bluegrass, fescue, wheatgrass, timothy, hedgehog, short-legged grass. Forty-five plant species are found only on the yailas, being Crimean endemics.
The reserve is home to more than 200 species of vertebrate animals (half of all found in Crimea). 30 species of animals are included in the European Red List, 52 species in the Red Book of Ukraine, among them: Crimean scorpion, common salpusa, Crimean empusa, death's head hawkmoth, yellow-bellied snake, yellow-bellied and four-striped snake, black stork, gray crane, bustard, eagle owl, wren red-headed starling, pink starling, small and large horseshoe bats, several species of bats and bats (in total, about 15 species of bats live in the reserve); badger and others. The diverse fauna of invertebrate animals (there are more than 8,000 species) has not yet been fully inventoried. Most of the species belong to the class of insects. Interesting among crustaceans in the rivers of the reserve freshwater crab. Largest quantity species among vertebrate animals are birds (160 species). In second place are mammals (37 species), in third place are reptiles (10 species). The rivers and ponds of the reserve are home to 6 species of fish, such as brook trout, endemic Crimean barbel, and chub. The least represented amphibians in the reserve are only 4 species: green toad, tree and lake frogs, and crested newt.
The following bird species are typical for the reserve: shrike and little shrike, garden bunting, nightjar, starling and goldfinch. There are also three species of nightingales found here: the western nightingale, the eastern nightingale and the Persian nightingale. In the forests there are numerous species such as: Crimean tit, long-tailed tit, woodpecker, redstart, robin, warbler and jay. Mountain buntings are found high in the mountains. The reserve is home to the largest population of the Crimean subspecies of red deer in Crimea. In addition, roe deer, wild boar, and mouflon are found in the forests of the reserve. From small mammals Hedgehog is often seen. Ubiquitous red fox(black-brown specimens are occasionally found). Badgers and weasels live in the forests.
In addition to environmental protection, the Crimean Nature Reserve carries out research work. According to the “Chronicle of Nature” program, we study natural processes in the forests, observations are carried out rare species plants and animals, human impact on the environment is analyzed.
- 1. Crimean Nature Reserve Geographical location. The purpose and history of the creation of the reserve. Research work. Flora and fauna. The work was completed by 11th grade student Alla Rybalchenko
- 2. Geographical location of the reserve Crimean reserve is one of the oldest in Crimea and Ukraine. The main part of the reserve occupies the center of the Main Range of the Crimean Mountains; a branch of the reserve is located in the west of the Crimean steppe zone and occupies part of the Karkinitsky Bay of the Black Sea. The area of the mountain forest part of the Crimean Reserve is formed from sections of the mountains of the Main Range, the basin between the mountains and the slopes of the Inner Range of the Crimean Mountains.
- Here are the highest mountain ranges of Crimea - Yalta Yayla, Gurzuf Yayla, Babugan-Yayla, Chatyr-Dag-Yayla. Most of the massifs extend from south-west to north-east and have a cuesta structure. The large amount of precipitation and dense forest cover mean that many Crimean rivers originate in the central part of the reserve - Alma, Kacha, Tevelchuk, Kosse, Marta, Ulu-Uzen, Avunda, Derekoyka, Donga. There are about 300 mountain springs and springs here, among which the most famous is Saylukh-Su, thanks to its healing water with silver ions
- 4. Limestone rocks, which make up most of the rocks in the reserve, have led to the widespread occurrence of karst landforms: cavities, wells, grottoes, mines and caves. The general relief of the main part of the reserve is characterized by significant elevation changes, ruggedness and heterogeneity.
- 5. Purpose and history of the creation of the reserve The Crimean reserve was organized in 1928. It occupies 33,397 hectares. in the central part of the Main Crimean Ridge. More than 1,200 plant species grow in the protected area (almost half of the total flora of Crimea), and over 200 species of vertebrate animals live (half of those found in Crimea).
- 6. The reserve is of great scientific and cultural significance. On the periphery of the protected area, several recreational sections of ecological trails have been created, where tourists in organized groups, without damaging nature, get acquainted with its riches.
- 7. On Chatyrdag, the most beautiful “Marble” cave is equipped for mass visits. A branch of the reserve, Lebezhy Islands, is located off the northwestern coast of Crimea. Here is one of the largest accumulations in Eastern Europe waterfowl: more than 230 species, of which 18 species are listed in the Red Book.
- 8. Every year, up to 5 thousand swans flock from the south to molt, and the colony of laughing acacias numbers more than 30 thousand individuals. During the summer season, seagulls destroy almost 2 million gophers and up to 8 million mice – field pests. In Alushta, under the management of the Crimean Nature Reserve, a Museum of Nature and a dendrozoo have been created, where you can get acquainted with the natural resources of mountain forests.
- 9. Flora and fauna The Crimean reserve is distinguished by its richness of vegetation. More than 1,200 plant species grow here, of which 29 are included in the European Red List (Eremut Crimean, Cotoneaster Krvmsky, Sobolev Siberian, Dzevanovsky thyme, Lagozeris purpurea and red-headed, Prangos trifid), and another 9 species are protected by the Bren Convention. Of particular value are oak, beech and hornbeam forests, which play an important water and soil protection role.
- 10. 100 species of plants and mushrooms growing in the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. The reserve is home to the largest population of the Crimean subspecies of red deer in Crimea. The Leva is home to the Crimean roe deer, mouflon, black vulture, griffon vulture and other rare animals. Among small mammals, the hedgehog is often found. The red fox is widespread (occasionally silver foxes are found). Badgers and weasels live in the forests.