Message about the ecology of the native land. Extracurricular event "ecology of the native land." Environmental problems of the village

Ecology and us

Security and rational use flora and fauna.

Completed by: student

9th grade MOUOO

schools in the village of Yusupovo

Tagirova Fluza

Head: teacher

Russian language MOUOO

Schools in Yusupovo

Nigamaeva E.A.

Plan

1. Wildlife is the main asset of the Earth.

2. Flora and plant resources.

3. Relationship between flora and fauna.

4. Take care of nature!

Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its depths and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main living conditions for people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, clean water, soil fertility, and climate moderation.

For man vegetable world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the forest area makes up only 17% of the territory. Wood reserves allow the development of forestry, wood chemical and other industries.

The water conservation role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If you deplete the forests, you can cause irreparable damage not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing into the plains will dry up.

Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.

From negative qualities, somewhat reducing the value of the republic’s forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area is in Mountainous Bashkortostan, where forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of ​​Bashkortostan has decreased by half over the last century. Due to plowing, steppe vegetation suffered. Steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.

Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like the vegetation, animal world significantly depleted by man. Long gone wild horses, saigas, beavers, red deer. The number of bears, otters, and minks has decreased. Animals of prey are sometimes thought to cause damage.

Let's consider the opposite - the positive impact of humans on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been done and is being done in this direction.

1. Three reserves were created - Bashkir State reserve, Shulgantash and Yuzhno-Uralsky. On the territory of these reserves there are protected rare species animals and plants.

2. 15 state hunting reserves and 12 conservation reserves were organized medicinal plants. 148 natural objects declared natural monuments.

3. Protection and restoration of forests are being decided - field-protective forest plantations are being created, forests are being planted, work is underway to prevent forest fires, school forest districts and green patrols are being created.

4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The moose population is growing.

5. Many animals are taken under protection, for example Brown bear, deer, roe deer, etc.

6. Lakes, reservoirs and ponds are being stocked with fish.

7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the timing and places of hunting and fishing.

There is still much to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude towards forest resources. In this case, it should be noted that the principle is “as much as is needed” on the other – “as much as possible”. Forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of annual forest growth, and not as much as you need. “If you cut down a tree, plant two,” foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far in the republic an average of 20 thousand hectares are planted and 27 thousand hectares are cut down.

All our activities will help the wildlife of the region only if each of us firmly understands the importance of caring for forests, meadows, birds, and animals. When communicating with nature, convince yourself: “This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must take care of all this. Who will save this world if not me.”

Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only sustains life.

Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she selflessly gives us joy.

But why then are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, and break trees? Or they even brutally deal with a cat or dog...

How should we educate the current younger generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop environmental consciousness, careful attitude to nature? This is a difficult task. That's not something to develop in a person environmental habits. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pick a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers - animals and birds - do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from thoughtless actions? Ultimately, man himself, a piece of nature, will suffer.

What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a caring person who will be a real guardian and master of the incredible riches of our planet?

Ecology and us

Protection and rational use of flora and fauna.

Completed by: student

9th grade MOUOO

schools in the village of Yusupovo

Tagirova Fluza

Head: teacher

Russian language MOUOO

Schools in Yusupovo

Nigamaeva E.A.

Plan

1. Wildlife is the main asset of the Earth.

2. Flora and plant resources.

3. Relationship between flora and fauna.

4. Take care of nature!

Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its depths and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main living conditions for people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, clean water, soil fertility, and climate moderation.

For humans, the plant world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the forest area makes up only 17% of the territory. Wood reserves allow the development of forestry, wood chemical and other industries.

The water conservation role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If you deplete the forests, you can cause irreparable damage not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing into the plains will dry up.

Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.

Among the negative qualities that somewhat reduce the value of the republic’s forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area is in Mountainous Bashkortostan, where forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of ​​Bashkortostan has decreased by half over the last century. Due to plowing, steppe vegetation suffered. Steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.

Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like vegetation, the animal world has been significantly depleted by humans. Wild horses, saigas, beavers, and red deer have long disappeared. The number of bears, otters, and minks has decreased. Animals of prey are sometimes thought to cause damage.

Let's consider the opposite - the positive impact of humans on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been done and is being done in this direction.

1. Three reserves have been created - the Bashkir State Reserve, Shulgantash and South Ural. Rare species of animals and plants are protected on the territory of these reserves.

2. 15 state hunting reserves and 12 reserves for the protection of medicinal plants have been organized. 148 natural sites have been declared natural monuments.

3. Protection and restoration of forests are being decided - shelterbelt forests are being created, forests are being planted, work is being done to prevent forest fires, school forest districts and green patrols are being created.

4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The moose population is growing.

5. Many animals have been taken under protection, such as brown bear, deer, roe deer, etc.

6. Lakes, reservoirs and ponds are being stocked with fish.

7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the timing and places of hunting and fishing.

There is still much to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude towards forest resources. In this case, it should be noted that the principle is “as much as is needed” on the other – “as much as possible”. Forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of annual forest growth, and not as much as you need. “If you cut down a tree, plant two,” foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far in the republic an average of 20 thousand hectares are planted and 27 thousand hectares are cut down.

All our activities will help the wildlife of the region only if each of us firmly understands the importance of caring for forests, meadows, birds, and animals. When communicating with nature, convince yourself: “This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must take care of all this. Who will save this world if not me.”

Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only sustains life.

Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she selflessly gives us joy.

But why then are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, and break trees? Or they even brutally deal with a cat or dog...

How should we educate the current younger generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop environmental awareness and respect for nature? This is a difficult task. It is not so easy to develop environmental habits in a person. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pick a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers - animals and birds - do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from thoughtless actions? Ultimately, man himself, a piece of nature, will suffer.

What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a caring person who will be a real guardian and master of the incredible riches of our planet?

Students should receive answers to questions: why you shouldn’t throw garbage wherever you can light a fire in the forest, why you need to plant flowers and why you shouldn’t break tree branches, etc.

Dear guys and guests! Our conference is dedicated to one of the most current issues of our time - the relationship between man and nature. (tell 1 sheet and abstract).

We present to your attention speeches on the topics: Ecological state of the oil industry in our region, Protection and rational use of flora and fauna, Ecological problems our region, environmental protection is everyone's business.

Literature

1. V.N. Kuznetsov. "Ecology of Russia" Reader. JSC "MDS"

Page 4-5.

2. Khismatov M.F., Sukhov V.P. "Geography of Bashkortostan". Textbook for 9th grade. - Ufa: Kitap. Pages 41-43.

PROGRAM

subject of choice

biology

"Ecology native land»

8th grade

compiled by: biology teacher

Smirnova E.V.

year 2014.

"ECOLOGY OF THE NATIVE LANDSCAPE"

Explanatory note

The elective biology subject program “Ecology of the Native Land” is designed for 8th grade students and is aimed at acquiring in-depth environmental knowledge about the village of Zubovo and the Vologda region generally.

the main objective course: study of biodiversity and ecology of the main taxa of plants, fungi, lichens and animals in typical natural communities native land; development of cognitive interests, intellectual and creativity in the process of observing the state of nature of the native land, independent acquisition of knowledge; nurturing love for one’s land, one’s country, forming an individual’s ecological culture.

The main objectives of the course are: to familiarize students with current problems conservation of biodiversity in the world, Russia, the Vologda region, Belozersky district and the village of Zubovo, the role of natural scientists in the study and conservation of the region’s biodiversity; students’ mastery of knowledge about the main life forms, species of plants, fungi, lichens and animals of the “Sholsky forest reserve”, as well as necessary measures their protection; on measures for their use of economically valuable species in the region; students studying environmental problems of the Vologda region; identification by students of sources of pollution in the biosphere of their native land and determination of the impact of these pollution on human health; students mastering the ability to work with identification cards, with identifiers, laboratory equipment; formation and development of key competencies among students and satisfaction of interest in studying the nature of their native land.

The practical orientation of the elective course is implemented in various forms project activities, practical and laboratory work.

The program of the subject “Ecology of the Native Land” provides 34 teaching hours (1 hour per week) and includes 7 sections.

Program content:

1 Introduction (3 hours)

Biosocial nature of man and the sciences that study him. The emergence of human sciences. Influence of conditions external environment on the morphology and anatomy of plants. Botanical excursions into the forest, into the meadow, into the swamp.

Excursion. Biodiversity of the native land.

History of the study of medicinal plants in the Vologda region. Characteristics of medicinal plants of forests, swamps, meadows. Protection of rare medicinal plants.

3. Security problem environment Vologda region (5 hours)

Ecological state Russia and the Vologda region. Rare species of plants and animals. Specially protected natural areas Vologda region, Belozersky district. Tourism and nature conservation.

Practical work. Identification according to atlases of protected areas in the Vologda region.

Life forms and ecological groups of plants, fungi, lichens. Woody plants. Distinctive features structures of trees and shrubs. Gymnosperms. Variety and ecological groups of gymnosperms. Deciduous plants and shrubs. Species composition deciduous trees and bushes. Herbaceous plants. A variety of herbaceous vegetation. Biodiversity, importance and protection of fungi and lichens.

Practical work. Definition of species and environmental groups gymnosperms. Identification of deciduous trees and shrubs on the territory of the village of Zubovo. Determination of the main representatives of herbaceous vegetation. Determination of types of fungi and types of lichens.

Practical work. Studying the diversity of plants in the reserve. Description species composition plants. Description of the species composition of amphibians, reptiles, and fish of local water bodies. Compiling a list of birds of the local fauna. Description of the species composition of mammals of the local fauna. History of studying the nature of the Vologda region.

Excursion.

6. Shola River (3 hours)

Shola River, its flora and fauna. Condition Research aquatic environment Shola River.

Laboratory works.

The relationship between man and natural environment. The impact of environmental pollution on human health. Final lesson.

Project activities. Let's save the nature of our native land.

Ecology is the science of the laws of existence of the living world on Earth. Methods of environmental research. The problem of biodiversity conservation.

Expected Result:

students should

know:

biodiversity of the Vologda region and the village of Zubovo

life forms of plants and animals in their area

species composition of the flora and fauna of their homeland

environmental research methods

environmental problems in your area

the impact of environmental pollution on human health

rare species of plants and animals

the importance of plants and animals and measures for their protection

be able to:

independently carry out practical and laboratory works, implement project activities, conduct research, experiments and observations

work with identification cards, identification cards, laboratory equipment

analyze and draw conclusions from the information received

find possible solutions to environmental problems

approach a problem creatively

Literature:

Polyansky I.I. Botanical excursions. Manual for teachers. M., Education, 1968.

Geography of the Vologda region. Textbook for students of grades 8-9 of secondary schools. / Edited by E.A. Skupinova, O.A. Zolotova. - Vologda: Educational literature, 2005.

Belozerye. Local history almanac. issue 2. - Vologda: “Legia” 1998.

Rare and protected plants of the Vologda region. - 1991. - 40 p.

Rare plants Vologda region // Specially protected natural areas. - Vologda: Rus Publishing House, 1993. - P. 180-193, 214-229.

Flora of forests // Forests of the Vologda land. - Vologda: Legia Publishing House, 1999. - P. 137-170.

Vascular plants national park"Russian North". - M.: Publishing house. IPEE RAS, 2004. - 62 p.

Vascular plants // Red Book of the Vologda Region. T. 2. Plants and mushrooms. — Vologda: VSPU; Publishing house "Rus", 2004. - P. 9-240.

Resource characteristics of medicinal plants of the Vologda region. - Vologda: Rus Publishing House, 2005. - 140 p.

10) Flora and vegetation // Nature of the Vologda region. - Vologda: Publishing House "Vologzhanin", 2007. - P. 173-240.

11) New finds of bryophytes in the Vologda region. 1 // Arctoa. - 2009. - Vol. 18. - P. 251-253.

12) "Biological encyclopedic Dictionary." Ch. ed. M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial team: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected. - M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.

Thematic plan

Research works:

Medicinal plants p. Zubovo.

Goal: to introduce the biodiversity of medicinal plants growing within the village. Zubovo, to identify their productivity, medicinal value and use among the population.

Composition and quality of water in the Shola river.

Purpose: to introduce the main indicators of water quality; show the role of water in human life; identify substances harmful to health contained in water.

Water content in the human body. Basic requirements for drinking water. Organoleptic indicators of water. Danger of water pollution. Quality drinking water and human health. Methods of water purification.

Ornithological research of the Sholsky Forest reserve

Goal: to introduce the species of birds living in the reserve near the village. Zubovo, make a list of birds of the local fauna.

Mosses and lichens of the Sholsky Forest reserve

Purpose: to introduce biological diversity mosses and lichens of the Sholsky forest reserve. Identify their location, meaning, and use among the population.

Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its depths and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main living conditions for people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, clean water, soil fertility, and climate moderation.

For humans, the plant world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the forest area makes up only 17% of the territory. Wood reserves allow the development of forestry, wood chemical and other industries.

The water conservation role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If you deplete the forests, you can cause irreparable damage not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing into the plains will dry up.

Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.

Among the negative qualities that somewhat reduce the value of the republic’s forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area is in Mountainous Bashkortostan, where forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of ​​Bashkortostan has decreased by half over the last century. Due to plowing, steppe vegetation suffered. Steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.

Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like vegetation, the animal world has been significantly depleted by humans. Wild horses, saigas, beavers, and red deer have long disappeared. The number of bears, otters, and minks has decreased. Animals of prey are sometimes thought to cause damage.

Let's consider the opposite - the positive impact of humans on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been done and is being done in this direction.

1. Three reserves have been created - the Bashkir State Reserve, Shulgantash and South Ural. Rare species of animals and plants are protected on the territory of these reserves.

2. 15 state hunting reserves and 12 reserves for the protection of medicinal plants have been organized. 148 natural sites have been declared natural monuments.

3. Protection and restoration of forests are being decided - shelterbelt forests are being created, forests are being planted, work is being done to prevent forest fires, school forest districts and green patrols are being created.

4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The moose population is growing.

5. Many animals have been taken under protection, such as brown bear, deer, roe deer, etc.

6. Lakes, reservoirs and ponds are being stocked with fish.

7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the timing and places of hunting and fishing.

There is still much to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude towards forest resources. In this case, it should be noted that the principle is “as much as is needed” on the other – “as much as possible”. Forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of annual forest growth, and not as much as you need. “If you cut down a tree, plant two,” foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far in the republic an average of 20 thousand hectares are planted and 27 thousand hectares are cut down.

All our activities will help the wildlife of the region only if each of us firmly understands the importance of caring for forests, meadows, birds, and animals. When communicating with nature, convince yourself: “This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must take care of all this. Who will save this world if not me.”

Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only sustains life.

Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she selflessly gives us joy.

But why then are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, and break trees? Or they even brutally deal with a cat or dog...

How should we educate the current younger generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop environmental awareness and respect for nature? This is a difficult task. It is not so easy to develop environmental habits in a person. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pick a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers - animals and birds - do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from thoughtless actions? Ultimately, man himself, a piece of nature, will suffer.

What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a caring person who will be a real guardian and master of the incredible riches of our planet?

Students should receive answers to questions: why you shouldn’t throw garbage wherever you can light a fire in the forest, why you need to plant flowers and why you shouldn’t break tree branches, etc.

Dear guys and guests! Our conference is dedicated to one of the most pressing issues of our time - the relationship between man and nature. (tell 1 sheet and abstract).

We present to your attention speeches on the topics: Ecological state of the oil industry in our region, Protection and rational use of flora and fauna, Environmental problems of our region, Protection of the ecological environment is everyone’s business.

Literature

1. V.N. Kuznetsov. "Ecology of Russia" Reader. JSC "MDS"

Page 4-5.

2. Khismatov M.F., Sukhov V.P. "Geography of Bashkortostan". Textbook for 9th grade. - Ufa: Kitap. Pages 41-43.

V.I. Litvinova MDOU General developmental kindergarten No. 11, Tomsk
The word “ecology” has become firmly entrenched in our lives. We are observing the greening of all spheres of life, it includes various aspects - philosophical, economic, geographical, social, ethical, etc. This is where the ecology of the native land, region, city, home, soul, “ecological passport”, “ecologically friendly products” came from. and so on. Let's remember what ecology is. "Eco" is what is outside, around us. There is a translation from Greek: “oikos” - house, dwelling, location and “logy” - studying. Ecology is the science of the relationships of organisms and the communities they form among themselves and with the environment. Simply put, ecology studies the environment that surrounds any Living being, including humans, and the term itself has a broader meaning.
IN Lately many publications have appeared on environmental theme, including about the Tomsk region. This material can be used to work with children in ecology classes, because Tomsk is our habitat, which means we are influenced by the state of nature in the Tomsk region. Tomsk ecologists offer many ways to protect nature. For example, one of the measures to improve the environment is the improvement and landscaping of populated areas - the creation of parks, squares, gardens, boulevards, street and intra-block landscaping, protective green zones around industrial enterprises. Species diversity of plantings is also necessary. Gorzelenkhoz, the Botanical Garden, and flower growers take care of this. The city becomes more beautiful every year. How to protect people's work from vandalism? One way out is to educate people with beauty.
The balance in nature is easy to disturb; the life of living beings is very fragile. We see this in our own lives: due to air and water pollution, people get sick. Natural resources exhausted. How to save what little is left? How to use it rationally? How to preserve and improve your habitat? Knowledge about this needs to be given to children in a way that is accessible to their sensory, emotional and mental development. It is necessary to lay down a basic minimum of environmental knowledge for subsequent environmental education at school.
For several years I have been developing the topic: “Ecology of my native land.” The Tomsk region has many natural areas, mineral resources, and a diverse world of plants and animals. You can find many topics for environmental studies in classes with children. For example, in the Tomsk region there are many deposits of clay, sand, and gravel. Properties of these objects inanimate nature You can explore to your heart's content - and sculpt from clay, and play with water at the fountain, and “catch” air in soap bubbles, and try to grind stones, simulating a tidal wave, and you can make “Easter cakes” from sand all year round- there is a special sandbox table for this. There is plenty of space for all these experiments in the Winter Garden; not every teacher would want to arrange “this” in a group room. In my work I use programs from S.N. Nikolaeva, N.A. Ryzhova,
N. Kondratieva (program “We”), other manuals on ecology, adapted for work in the Winter Garden. Some of the best, in my opinion, are “Ecology for Children”, “Ekolobok”, “Murzilka” by L.N. Erdakova. His publications on habitats are very helpful in my work. The topics presented in his manuals can be developed endlessly; there are no indifferent children in the classroom. Classes are held in the Winter Garden, at preschool educational institutions. The territory of the preschool educational institution is very interesting: there are small fragments of “wild” nature, there are several pine trees, under which boletus grows every year, there is an area with birch trees and a small lawn where boletus, white cape, russula or pigweed grow. These topics, of course, are also used in classes. The Winter Garden presents different types indoor plants, there is a "Living Corner" where hedgehogs live, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster, turtles, parrots, fish, snails and other living creatures. Situations with animals are played out in class: we cannot bring hedgehogs from the forest, because we will not be able to find many insects for them to eat, hedgehogs sleep in winter, and it is hot and noisy in the Winter Garden - you will not sleep. We try to force the children to behave quietly, because the Winter Garden is a small forest, the noise will make all the little animals and insects (spiders, snails, etc.) hide, and they won’t see anyone. Children are proud of the Winter Garden, this is evident when they bring their parents and show them their favorite animal.
The entire program “Ecology of the Native Land” is divided into blocks:
"Inanimate nature". These include topics: “Water”, “Air”, “Soil”, “Rocks and Minerals”, “Cosmic Bodies”, “Sun”, “Moon”, “Constellations and moon calendar", "Space Travel".
II. "Living nature and its relationship with inanimate nature." Here we meet biological objects Tomsk region, city, Winter Garden, their life cycles; ecosystems of fresh water bodies, swamps, taiga, and other forests. During the school year
a lot of practical work in the Winter Garden on caring for animals and plants, planting plants for yourself, for kindergarten, landscaping the territory of the preschool educational institution. This includes the topic “Man as a living being.”
"Ecology of our habitat." Here we conduct environmental studies of the city, kindergarten, home, work with the “Ecological Passport”, “Red Book”, and talk about nature conservation.
"Our planet is in danger." Here we are talking about water, air, soil pollution; about human behavior in nature, on the street, at home; carry out environmental activities, holidays and entertainment.
In classes, children will learn about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region, other regions of Siberia and globe, because it’s no secret that no matter where we live, we still influence the nature of the whole world. Scientists and progressive people of our time have been writing about this more and more often lately. The worsening environmental problems in our country and abroad threaten the existence of people all over the world. Not only the nature of the Earth requires protection, but also humanity - as a part of this nature. Intensive educational work is needed to develop an ecological culture of environmental management among the population. In the education system, the foundations of environmental consciousness and culture are laid in preschool childhood. But existing programs are mainly educational programs about the world around us. Teachers form in children a humane attitude towards living beings; this is, of course, a positive attitude towards nature, but it is no longer sufficient. We need an urgent change in people's consciousness and attitude towards nature.
Several years ago, the “Red Book of the Tomsk Region” was published. This is an official reference book compiled by Tomsk ecologists. It turns out that in the Tomsk region, 180 rare and endangered species of animals, plants, and fungi need protection due to a reduction in their numbers as a result of human activity, and some species may disappear. Despite various activities to preserve the nature of the Tomsk region, carried out by employees of "Oblkompriroda", environmental organizations and the "Society for the Conservation of Nature", the culture of the population is low. There are many examples of this, we will not dwell on them now.
Preschool childhood is the beginning of the formation of a person’s personality, his attitude towards himself and the world around him. How small man learn to relate to the world around him, so in adult life will apply the acquired knowledge. Children are instinctively drawn to nature, to living beings. During this period of their development, they learn everything with their senses and try to understand existence. Therefore, it is important to form in children a consciously correct attitude towards the natural objects and phenomena that surround them. It's hard to love what you don't know. The more children learn about the natural objects of our city and region, the more carefully they will treat them, the better they will begin to understand their needs for a clean and healthy environment and food. The role of the teacher is important here - how he presents this knowledge, this knowledge will remain, if not in the child’s memory, then somewhere in the subconscious. Our children now have a beneficial time to understand themselves in the world around them; when they grow up, they will have responsibilities, school, work, and hobbies. Classes are held different ways: this is both a conversation and practical lessons, and observation and communication with living objects. Children discuss in class what kind of house they would like to live in, what the yard near the house should be like, what kind of apartment, etc. During such a conversation, it is not the teacher who teaches the children how and where they should live, but the children express their inner desire, the need for an environmentally friendly , aesthetic and harmonious with the nature of life. Children learn not to think thoughtlessly about the things of nature and everyday life around them, but to find the expediency of their use, for example: planting trees in the city for clean air; old things that are still wearable can be given to others; plastic utensils can be reused, etc. Children acquire practical skills and abilities. For example, plant seeds are sown. First they find out that there is a small plant “sleeping” inside; then - how to “wake up” it and grow it - warm it with your hands, plant it in the ground, water it, put it in a bright place warm place, and if you do it wrong, the seed will not wake up. In classes, children get acquainted with the life of natural objects, for example, with the life of trees. How they grow, grow old, what happens to them when they grow old and fall to the ground. You can touch the trees, they are warm even in winter. A tree can help difficult moments life: poplar will take away sadness, birch will give joy and heal. The child learns to find help from plants. “Look at the flower, be surprised, rejoice,” these words can help us too. This establishes a harmonious connection between the child and nature. Education goes through natural objects: what a beautiful moss, a bump under our feet - we won’t take it, let it stay here, here they are beautiful, here they are in place, this is someone’s home, someone’s food. Everything in nature is expedient, if you remove one link in the food chain, an ecological disaster may occur. In the process of communicating with living beings, it is restored peace of mind, child's health. It is especially interesting for children to get acquainted with natural areas Tomsk district - their eyes light up. If you are careful, you can see and learn a lot that is not somewhere in Africa, but not far away, in the neighboring forest, for example, you can see a ferret or a hare. Children begin to fantasize, including themselves in various situations. This is a kind of training for correct environmental behavior.
Or work with the “Ecological Passport” - it contains all the trees and shrubs growing on the preschool grounds, icons of birds, insects, plants and other living creatures that live or sometimes appear on the territory of the kindergarten. Children suggest which bird or insect still needs to be marked on the “Ecological Passport”.
Parents help introduce children to the unique places of the city, region - these are nature reserves, specially protected areas, natural monuments (lakes, springs, etc.), Siberian Botanical Garden, University Grove, then talk about their trips. We discuss together how to have a good rest in nature and not harm it. These are traditional places for Tomsk residents to relax and gather wild plants. No police or environmental inspectors will be enough to protect these places. We need the good will of people, environmental culture
tour and ecological worldview. How we coped with this task will be shown in the near future.
As a result of four years of environmental education and training, children should distinguish wildlife from non-living; know about the life and needs of living organisms, about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region; learn to humanely treat animals in a corner of nature, care for the plants of the Winter Garden; have basic ecological culture: do not throw garbage, do not break trees, etc.