Technological map and presentation on the surrounding world on the topic "swamp and its inhabitants." Swamps - Swamp inhabitants: swamp animals Message swamp and its inhabitants

Tolyatti

Swamp and its inhabitants.

Target: introduce students to the animals of plants and swamps, their “professions” in the ecosystem; talk about the importance of swamps in human life.

Equipment: multimedia presentation, poster “swamp ecosystem”.

During the classes:

1.Organizational moment

2.Updating knowledge

What are you studying in class now? What is the topic

section? (ecosystems)

Name the components of an ecosystem. (air, water, soil, rocks, producers, consumers, destroyers).

3.Check homework

- What does the lake ecosystem look like? (two-story)

The “top floor” consists of crustaceans and small organisms – plankton.

“Bottom floor” - plants, fish, animals.

- What did you find out about the cycle of substances in the lake?

What does the black arrow indicate? (The cycle is not completely closed, so over time the lake turns into a swamp)

Conclusion:

What is the topic of today's lesson?

Today in class we will study the swamp ecosystem.

What kind of lake can turn into a swamp? (drainless) - Why?

4. Joint discovery of knowledge

Everyone goes around this place:

Here the earth is like dough.

There are sedges, hummocks, and mosses.

No leg support.

Teacher : Swamps can form in low places where water accumulates and stagnates, causing the area to become swampy. Swamps also form in places where water bodies become overgrown. Each swamp is interesting in its own way, there are many of them.

-What do the names suggest?

- Consider on page 48 the process of overgrowing the lake.

Why are so many remains of dead organisms deposited at the bottom?

Teacher : Streams and rivers flowing into the lake carry many grains of sand and small particles of soil. All this settles to the bottom of the lake. The bottom, filled with silt and debris, becomes higher and higher. The overgrown lake turns into a swamp.

Working with textbook text.

1) Independent reading of the text;

2) Answers to questions.

Floating carpet - a continuous carpet of plants whose roots are intertwined with each other.

What is this amazing plant You will learn about sphagnum moss from the text (page 50).

Reading aloud.

What interesting things did you learn about this plant? ( herbarium demonstration)

During the war, doctors used moss instead of bandages and cotton wool. Moss drew pus from wounds and disinfected them. This is how many were saved soviet soldiers.

Physical education minute (performed breathing exercises“Let’s blow out the candle”, visual gymnastics “Drawing with eyes closed”)

Teacher: Swamps have long frightened people, especially at night, when lights appear in the swamp, run from place to place, disappear, and reappear. This was associated with evil spirits. The point is that when plants die, when they rot in damp soil and water, they release gas in portions. The gas comes out in bubbles - it flares up and goes out, giving the impression that it is running over.

As you know, each ecosystem has its own flora and fauna.

In many places in the swamps there are pools of water where aquatic plants grow.

R OGOZ often called reed. Plant with dark brown heads.

DUCKWEED, its small leaves reach the size of a little fingernail.

Ledum Flowers contain a lot of it essential oil with an intoxicating odor, so a peculiar aroma is often felt over the swamp.

SUNDEW- a carnivorous plant. Its leaves are covered with hairs. On the hairs, droplets of liquid look like small dewdrops. The liquid attracts insects that land on the plant and stick to it. The leaf instantly closes and the insect is digested, leaving only the hard cover and wings. This is how sundews feed.

SWAMP MYRTLE(another name CASSANDRA) Daughter of King Priam of Troy, in ancient greek mythology. She rejected Apollo's love and was punished. Nobody believed her predictions, although they always came true.

- Many berry plants grow in the swamps. They are edible and very healthy.

CRANBERRY – evergreen shrub with sour red berries that are good for health. They are used to make jelly, jam, compote, and fruit juice.

BLUEBERRY– with dark green berries. Rich in vitamins, strengthens vision.

COWBERRY – evergreen. Translated into Russian it means “grapevine”.

CLOUDBERRY – good remedy against scurvy - gum disease.

BLUEBERRY- grows as a bush. Berries blue color, hence the name.

There are many insects in the swamps: MOSQUITOES, MIDFLIES Predators feed on them: DRAGONFLY, they are very voracious and hunt in flight.

Another predator – WATER Strider. Its body and paws are covered with hairs moistened with fat. The hairs do not get wet and form an airy coat, so the water strider cannot be drowned. Runs quickly after insects. It can fly, but when it completely dries out. GLADYSH- flies at night.

DIVING BEETLE- swims great.

They eat insects SNACKS, TOADS, FROGS. Found here LIZARD, SNAIL.

- What do you have in common? appearance stork, crane, heron?

(Long legs to make it comfortable to walk through the swamp. Good long beaks to get food. They all fly well. They feed on tadpoles, berries, insects).

Hiding in the reeds KAMYSHOVKA(obsolete robin) feeds on insects and can imitate other birds and even animals with its voice.

KULIK AND PEEBIS- feed on insects.

Peculiar singing and partridges (listening to the voice of a partridge)

SWAMP OWL- one of the most useful birds. Feeds on rodents. Hunts in the morning and evening.

MARSH HARRIER– flies low above the ground. It feeds on fish, frogs, and birds.

Sometimes hares, deer, wild boars, and moose enter the swamps.

ELK – They love algae, they even dive into the water for them.

Physical education minute (exercises to prevent scoliosis)

5.Primary consolidation

1) - Now you need to apply your knowledge by completing the task.

Practical exercises page 51 No. 3 (in notebook)

Distribute the swamp inhabitants.

We take a green pencil, highlight producers, red - consumers, brown - destroyers.

2) Let's create food chains using handouts - cards ( practical group work)

Power circuits:

Cranberry→partridge→harrier

Algae→crustaceans→crucian carp→pike

3) - And now independent work. Solve the crossword puzzle.

Name the “profession” of organisms that have a hard time in the swamp.

Let's check the crossword.

And the main question:

What is the significance of swamps for humans?

1) Peat extraction.

2) Swamps soften the climate environment. Increase air humidity.

3) Swamps are storage facilities and regulators fresh water rec.

Therefore, more than 150 swamps in our country are under protection.

(Return to SLIDE 4)

6. Lesson summary

What ecosystem did you meet?

What new and interesting things did you learn about the swamp?

What can you say about the cycle of substances in the swamp? (over time, a swamp can turn into a meadow, since the cycle is not completely closed)

Grades for class work and homework.

The swamp is an ideal habitat for certain types animals. But life in wetlands is not as simple as it might seem, which is why the strongest and most adaptable living creatures live there. Depending on the area you can find different representatives animal world.

Amphibious inhabitants of swamps

The most prominent representatives The animals that live in the swamps are frogs, toads and newts.

Frog

Toad

Triton

Frogs simply love wet areas of the earth, so swamps are the main habitat for amphibians. The size of individuals can vary from 8 mm to 32 cm (depending on the species). Main distinctive features frogs are the absence of a tail, short forelimbs, a large and flat head, strong hind limbs that allow them to jump long distances.

Amphibians have excellent hearing, have large bulging eyes, with the help of which they can view the world around them, sticking only their eyes out of the water. Most often the inhabitants can be found on the shore or marsh lines.

Toads are very similar to frogs, but they lack teeth in the upper jaw. Their skin is dry and covered with warts. Amphibians of this type are nocturnal animals and live almost all the time on land.

Newts are very similar to lizards, but have smooth, moist skin. Their tail is similar to a fish, and their body reaches sizes of 10-20 cm. Without good vision, newts have an excellent sense of smell.

Reptile inhabitants of swamps

TO this species animals include snakes, vipers and turtles. The first species grows up to 1.5 m in size and has scales with ribs and scutes. Most often, animals can be found in grassy swamps. Snakes are very voracious; their main delicacy is frogs and invertebrates.

Vipers prefer to live in the wettest places of swamps. They rarely grow more than 65 cm and weigh about 180 g. Individuals have a flat, wide head, supraorbital scutes, and a vertical pupil. The most beautiful and brightest are the females. Reptiles have several teeth that conduct poison.

Swamp turtles grow up to 38 cm in size and weigh up to 1.5 kg. Individuals have a small, round, slightly convex shell and long, sharp claws on their fingers. In turtles a long tail, performing the function of a rudder. They feed on animal larvae, fish fry, mollusks, worms, algae and other living creatures.

Viper

Swamp turtles

Swamp mammals

The most common mammals are muskrats and otters. The first ones resemble a rat and grow up to 36 cm. Slow on land, individuals swim excellently in water and can hold their breath for up to 17 minutes. At poor eyesight and sense of smell, individuals rely on their excellent hearing.

Muskrat

Otter

Otters are one of the most beautiful wetland animals. They grow up to 1 meter and have excellent muscles. Individuals have small ears, a long tail, short legs and a thick neck.

Swamp birds

The marshes are also home to a variety of birds, including ptarmigan, short-eared owls, ducks, gray cranes and waders.

Partridge

A swamp is a widespread natural community in our country. Look at physical card Russia: what a significant territory is occupied by swamps. Swampy place, hummocks, bogs, reed thickets, sparse bushes.

How was the swamp formed? Once upon a time there was a small lake in this place that had no drainage; its banks were quickly overgrown with reeds and cattails. Water lilies and lilies rose from the bottom. Every year the reeds and reeds grew, protruded more and more from the banks onto the water, intertwined their stems, covering the water, mosses settled on the stems, they absorbed moisture and the water stagnated. Several decades passed, and the plants completely took over the lake and closed off the water. Every year the thickets became denser. And then a thick layer formed almost to the very bottom. That’s why, when you walk through a swamp, the bumps are so springy, your legs get stuck, and just like that, you’ll fall through. Perhaps the forest river flowed slowly and gradually became overgrown with grass in the lowlands, or a spring came out of the ground and soaked everything around with water. This is how water reservoirs - swamps - arose in these places.

A lot of water means that moisture-loving grasses and shrubs have begun to grow, and animals and birds are settling in, the kind you only see in a swamp. The surface of some swamps is densely covered with mosses. Sphagnum moss, which means “sponge” in Greek, is especially capable of absorbing a lot of water (Fig. 2).

Sphagnum moss has the special property of killing microbes. Therefore, the remains of dead organisms are not completely processed, they accumulate under a layer of moss, become compacted, and as a result peat is formed - a combustible mineral. The thickness of peat can reach 3-4 meters or more. It is on this peat cushion that other inhabitants of the swamp live. Peat is very saturated with water, and it contains almost no oxygen necessary for roots to breathe. Therefore, only a few plants can grow in swamps. Most often, wild rosemary, sedge, and cranberry settle on a thick carpet of moss (Fig. 3-5).

Rice. 3. Ledum marsh ()

Among marsh plants, cranberry is especially valued. People have been collecting this healing berry for a long time. In addition to cranberries, others also grow in swamps. delicious berries: blueberries (Fig. 6), cloudberries.

Rice. 6. Blueberry ()

Herbaceous plants such as cotton grass, reeds, calamus, reeds and cattails have adapted to the swamps (Fig. 7, 8).

Cattails have large dark brown heads that are densely packed with raw hairs. The seeds ripen under the hairs; in the fall, when the seeds ripen, the hairs dry out and the head itself becomes very light. If you touch it, light fluff flies around you. On parachute hairs, cattail seeds fly in different directions. Even in the last century, life jackets were made from this fluff. And round packaging fabric was made from the cattail stem.

There are also unusual plants in the swamps. Sundew (Fig. 9) and bladderwort are predator plants.

Sundews catch and eat insects. Insects are fast and mobile, so how can this plant threaten them? The small leaves of sundew are covered with small hairs and droplets of sticky juice, similar to dew, which is why the plant is called sundew. Bright color leaves and droplets attract insects, but as soon as a mosquito or fly lands on the plant, it immediately sticks to it. The leaf shrinks, and its sticky hairs suck out all the juices from the insect. Why did the sundew turn into a predator plant? Because in poor marshy soils it lacks nutrients. A sundew can swallow and digest up to 25 mosquitoes per day.

The Venus flytrap also catches prey in a similar way (Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Venus flytrap ()

It has leaves that close like jaws when someone touches the hairs on the surface of the leaves. Because these plants are rare, they need to be protected.

Another trap was invented by bladderwort; this plant was named for the sticky green bubbles that thickly cover its thread-thin leaves (Fig. 11, 12).

Rice. 11. Pemphigus vesicles ()

Rice. 12. Pemphigus ()

All the leaves of the plant are in water, there are no roots, and only a thin stem with yellow flowers rises above the surface. The plant needs bubbles for hunting, and this herb hunts aquatic inhabitants: small crustaceans, water fleas, ciliates. Each bubble is a cleverly designed trap and at the same time digestive organ. A special door closes the vial until the hairs of this hole are touched by some creature. Then the valve opens and the bubble sucks in the prey. There is no way out of the bubble; the valve, like a door to a room, opens only in one direction. Inside the vesicle are glands that produce digestive juice. The prey is dissolved in this juice and then absorbed by the plant. Bladderwort is very voracious. After about 20 minutes, the bubble is ready to capture a new victim.

How did swamp animals adapt to life in wet places? Among the inhabitants of swamps, the frog is famous. Dampness helps frogs keep their skin constantly moist, and the abundance of mosquitoes provides them with food. Beavers (Fig. 13), water rats live on the swampy banks of rivers, and you can see snakes and marsh vipers.

Have you heard the saying: “Every sandpiper praises its swamp”? The sandpiper is a slender bird, similar to a seagull. This bird has protective plumage; with its long beak, the sandpiper finds mosquito larvae hiding there in the mud (Fig. 14).

You can often find herons (Fig. 15) and cranes (Fig. 16) in swamps; these birds have long and thin legs, this allows them to walk through marshy cold mud without falling through.

Herons and cranes feed on frogs, mollusks, and worms, of which there are many in the swamp. Ptarmigans like to feast on sweet berries in the swamp, and moose and roe deer like to feast on succulent parts of plants.

In the evenings and at night, someone’s roar resembling the roar of a bull echoes across the swamp. What people have not said about this! As if the merman was screaming or the goblin had quarreled with him. Who roars and laughs in the swamp? A small bird, the bittern, roars and hoots terribly (Fig. 17).

The bittern has a very loud cry, spreading over 2-3 kilometers in the surrounding area. The bittern lives in reed thickets and reeds. The bittern hunts for crucian carp, perch, pike, frogs and tadpoles. A bittern stands motionless for hours in the thickets near the water and suddenly, with lightning speed, throws its beak, sharp as a dagger, and the fish cannot escape. If you start looking for a bittern in the swamp, you will pass by. She will raise her beak vertically, stretch out her neck, and you will never distinguish her from a bunch of dry grass or reeds.

But it’s not just the bittern that screams in the swamp at night. Here he sits on a branch predatory bird owl. It is almost 80 centimeters long (Fig. 18).

This is a night robber and there is no escape from him either for birds or rodents. He's the one who laughs so hard in the swamp when it gets dark.

Residents of swampy places can sometimes watch an amazing spectacle at night, as many bluish lights dance in the swamp. What is it? Researchers have not yet reached a consensus on this issue. Perhaps it is swamp gas that is igniting. Its clouds will come to the surface and light up in the air.

People have been afraid of swamps for a long time. They tried to drain and use the land for pastures and fields and thereby thought that they were helping nature. Is it so? The swamp is very beneficial. Firstly, it is a natural reservoir of fresh water. Streams flowing from swamps feed big rivers and lakes. When it rains, swamp mosses absorb excess moisture like sponges. And in dry years they save reservoirs from drying out. Therefore, rivers and lakes often become shallow after swamps are drained. Vasyugan swamp- one of the largest swamps in the world, its area is larger than the area of ​​​​Switzerland (Fig. 19).

Rice. 19. Vasyugan swamp ()

Located between the Ob and Irtysh rivers. The Vasyugan River originates in this swamp. Rivers such as the Volga, Dnieper, and Moscow River also flow from swamps. Secondly, swamps are excellent natural filters. The water in them passes through thickets of plants, a thick layer of peat and is freed from dust, harmful substances, and pathogens. It enters rivers from swamps pure water. Thirdly, valuable berry plants grow in the swamps: cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries. They contain sugar, vitamins, and minerals. They also grow in swamps medicinal plants. For example, during the Great Patriotic War sphagnum moss was used as a dressing material for rapid healing of wounds. Sundew is used to treat colds and coughs. In addition, the swamp is a natural peat factory, which is used both as fuel and as fertilizer.

Remember: you must not approach wetlands or peat excavations in the swamp! It is very dangerous.

Bears, deer, wild boars, moose, and roe deer come to the swamps and also find food here.

A swamp is as necessary a part of nature as forests and meadows; they also need to be protected. The destruction of swamps will lead to changes in nature throughout the planet. Currently, 150 swamps in Russia are under protection.

Today in the lesson you gained new knowledge about the swamp as natural community and met its inhabitants.

Bibliography

1. Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. The world 3. - M.: Ballas.
2. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around us 3. - M.: Publishing House "Fedorov".
3. Pleshakov A.A. The world around us 3. - M.: Enlightenment.

1. Biofile.ru ().
2. Liveinternet.ru ().
3. Animalworld.com.ua ().

Homework

1. What is a swamp?
2. Why can't swamps be dried?
3. What animals can be found in the swamp?

A swamp is a widespread natural community in our country. Look at the physical map of Russia: what a significant area swamps occupy. Swampy place, hummocks, bogs, reed thickets, sparse bushes.

How was the swamp formed? Once upon a time there was a small lake in this place that had no drainage; its banks were quickly overgrown with reeds and cattails. Water lilies and lilies rose from the bottom. Every year the reeds and reeds grew, protruded more and more from the banks onto the water, intertwined their stems, covering the water, mosses settled on the stems, they absorbed moisture and the water stagnated. Several decades passed, and the plants completely took over the lake and closed off the water. Every year the thickets became denser. And then a thick layer formed almost to the very bottom. That’s why, when you walk through a swamp, the bumps are so springy, your legs get stuck, and just like that, you’ll fall through. Perhaps the forest river flowed slowly and gradually became overgrown with grass in the lowlands, or a spring came out of the ground and soaked everything around with water. This is how water reservoirs - swamps - arose in these places.

A lot of water means that moisture-loving grasses and shrubs have begun to grow, and animals and birds are settling in, the kind you only see in a swamp. The surface of some swamps is densely covered with mosses. Sphagnum moss, which means “sponge” in Greek, is especially capable of absorbing a lot of water (Fig. 2).

Sphagnum moss has the special property of killing microbes. Therefore, the remains of dead organisms are not completely processed, they accumulate under a layer of moss, become compacted, and as a result peat is formed - a combustible mineral. The thickness of peat can reach 3-4 meters or more. It is on this peat cushion that other inhabitants of the swamp live. Peat is very saturated with water, and it contains almost no oxygen necessary for roots to breathe. Therefore, only a few plants can grow in swamps. Most often, wild rosemary, sedge, and cranberry settle on a thick carpet of moss (Fig. 3-5).

Rice. 3. Ledum marsh ()

Among marsh plants, cranberry is especially valued. People have been collecting this healing berry for a long time. In addition to cranberries, other tasty berries grow in the swamps: blueberries (Fig. 6), cloudberries.

Rice. 6. Blueberry ()

Herbaceous plants such as cotton grass, reeds, calamus, reeds and cattails have adapted to the swamps (Fig. 7, 8).

Cattails have large dark brown heads that are densely packed with raw hairs. The seeds ripen under the hairs; in the fall, when the seeds ripen, the hairs dry out and the head itself becomes very light. If you touch it, light fluff flies around you. On parachute hairs, cattail seeds fly in different directions. Even in the last century, life jackets were made from this fluff. And round packaging fabric was made from the cattail stem.

There are also unusual plants in the swamps. Sundew (Fig. 9) and bladderwort are predator plants.

Sundews catch and eat insects. Insects are fast and mobile, so how can this plant threaten them? The small leaves of sundew are covered with small hairs and droplets of sticky juice, similar to dew, which is why the plant is called sundew. The bright color of the leaves and droplets attracts insects, but as soon as a mosquito or fly lands on the plant, it immediately sticks to it. The leaf shrinks, and its sticky hairs suck out all the juices from the insect. Why did the sundew turn into a predator plant? Because in poor marshy soils it lacks nutrients. A sundew can swallow and digest up to 25 mosquitoes per day.

The Venus flytrap also catches prey in a similar way (Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Venus flytrap ()

It has leaves that close like jaws when someone touches the hairs on the surface of the leaves. Because these plants are rare, they need to be protected.

Another trap was invented by bladderwort; this plant was named for the sticky green bubbles that thickly cover its thread-thin leaves (Fig. 11, 12).

Rice. 11. Pemphigus vesicles ()

Rice. 12. Pemphigus ()

All the leaves of the plant are in water, there are no roots, and only a thin stem with yellow flowers rises above the surface. The plant needs bubbles for hunting, and this herb hunts aquatic inhabitants: small crustaceans, water fleas, ciliates. Each bubble is a cleverly designed trap and at the same time a digestive organ. A special door closes the vial until the hairs of this hole are touched by some creature. Then the valve opens and the bubble sucks in the prey. There is no way out of the bubble; the valve, like a door to a room, opens only in one direction. Inside the vesicle are glands that produce digestive juice. The prey is dissolved in this juice and then absorbed by the plant. Bladderwort is very voracious. After about 20 minutes, the bubble is ready to capture a new victim.

How did swamp animals adapt to life in wet places? Among the inhabitants of swamps, the frog is famous. Dampness helps frogs keep their skin constantly moist, and the abundance of mosquitoes provides them with food. Beavers (Fig. 13), water rats live on the swampy banks of rivers, and you can see snakes and marsh vipers.

Have you heard the saying: “Every sandpiper praises its swamp”? The sandpiper is a slender bird, similar to a seagull. This bird has protective plumage; with its long beak, the sandpiper finds mosquito larvae hiding there in the mud (Fig. 14).

You can often find herons (Fig. 15) and cranes (Fig. 16) in swamps; these birds have long and thin legs, this allows them to walk through marshy cold mud without falling through.

Herons and cranes feed on frogs, mollusks, and worms, of which there are many in the swamp. Ptarmigans like to feast on sweet berries in the swamp, and moose and roe deer like to feast on succulent parts of plants.

In the evenings and at night, someone’s roar resembling the roar of a bull echoes across the swamp. What people have not said about this! As if the merman was screaming or the goblin had quarreled with him. Who roars and laughs in the swamp? A small bird, the bittern, roars and hoots terribly (Fig. 17).

The bittern has a very loud cry, spreading over 2-3 kilometers in the surrounding area. The bittern lives in reed thickets and reeds. The bittern hunts for crucian carp, perch, pike, frogs and tadpoles. A bittern stands motionless for hours in the thickets near the water and suddenly, with lightning speed, throws its beak, sharp as a dagger, and the fish cannot escape. If you start looking for a bittern in the swamp, you will pass by. She will raise her beak vertically, stretch out her neck, and you will never distinguish her from a bunch of dry grass or reeds.

But it’s not just the bittern that screams in the swamp at night. Here is a bird of prey, an eagle owl, sitting on a branch. It is almost 80 centimeters long (Fig. 18).

This is a night robber and there is no escape from him either for birds or rodents. He's the one who laughs so hard in the swamp when it gets dark.

Residents of swampy places can sometimes watch an amazing spectacle at night, as many bluish lights dance in the swamp. What is it? Researchers have not yet reached a consensus on this issue. Perhaps it is swamp gas that is igniting. Its clouds will come to the surface and light up in the air.

People have been afraid of swamps for a long time. They tried to drain and use the land for pastures and fields and thereby thought that they were helping nature. Is it so? The swamp is very beneficial. Firstly, it is a natural reservoir of fresh water. Streams flowing from swamps feed large rivers and lakes. When it rains, swamp mosses absorb excess moisture like sponges. And in dry years they save reservoirs from drying out. Therefore, rivers and lakes often become shallow after swamps are drained. The Vasyugan swamp is one of the largest swamps in the world, its area is larger than the area of ​​Switzerland (Fig. 19).

Rice. 19. Vasyugan swamp ()

Located between the Ob and Irtysh rivers. The Vasyugan River originates in this swamp. Rivers such as the Volga, Dnieper, and Moscow River also flow from swamps. Secondly, swamps are excellent natural filters. The water in them passes through thickets of plants, a thick layer of peat and is freed from dust, harmful substances, and pathogens. Clean water flows into the rivers from the swamps. Thirdly, valuable berry plants grow in the swamps: cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries. They contain sugar, vitamins, and minerals. Medicinal plants also grow in the swamps. For example, during the Great Patriotic War, sphagnum moss was used as a dressing material for the rapid healing of wounds. Sundew is used to treat colds and coughs. In addition, the swamp is a natural peat factory, which is used both as fuel and as fertilizer.

Remember: you must not approach wetlands or peat excavations in the swamp! It is very dangerous.

Bears, deer, wild boars, moose, and roe deer come to the swamps and also find food here.

A swamp is as necessary a part of nature as forests and meadows; they also need to be protected. The destruction of swamps will lead to changes in nature throughout the planet. Currently, 150 swamps in Russia are under protection.

Today in the lesson you gained new knowledge about the swamp as a natural community and became acquainted with its inhabitants.

Bibliography

1. Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. The world around us 3. - M.: Ballas.
2. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around us 3. - M.: Publishing House "Fedorov".
3. Pleshakov A.A. The world around us 3. - M.: Enlightenment.

1. Biofile.ru ().
2. Liveinternet.ru ().
3. Animalworld.com.ua ().

Homework

1. What is a swamp?
2. Why can't swamps be dried?
3. What animals can be found in the swamp?

MBOU "Secondary school No. 29 with in-depth study individual items»

Teacher: Kubikova Galina Aleksandrovna

Reading lesson 3rd grade B

Topic: Swamp and its inhabitants.

Lesson objectives:

1.Educational:

Form an idea of ​​the natural community and ecosystem;

Reinforce the concept of the meaning of favorable natural conditions for the life of organisms;

Show the differences between natural and artificial natural communities;

2.Developing:

Teach to systematize, highlight the main and essential, establish cause-and-effect relationships; promote the development of imagination;

Learn to formulate lesson goals, use subject language, and correctly express your thoughts;

Develop search and information skills: work with textbooks;

Develop educational and organizational skills: organize yourself to complete a given task, exercise self-control and self-analysis educational activities;

Promote the development of communication skills

3. Educational:

To create cognitive interest in the subject through the use of non-standard forms of teaching and creating a situation of success;

To form a culture of communication, a stable positive attitude towards kindness as a value-based attitude towards the living world;

Develop the habit of disciplined behavior, instill the ability to act according to conscience;

Develop the value of empathy for the successes and failures of comrades;

To instill a love for living nature, to form a sustainable positive attitude towards every living organism on Earth

Cognitive UUD:

Introduce the swamp as a natural community;

Summarize and systematize knowledge about the swamp;

Compare your capabilities;

Learn, search and highlight necessary information in the text;

Learn to establish cause-and-effect relationships based on microresearch;

Describe, based on an illustration or a proposed plan, the studied objects and phenomena of living nature, highlight their main essential features, highlight new;

Use textbook dictionary

Personal UUD:

Work on the development of educational and cognitive motives;

Work on developing a reflective attitude towards learning;

Regulatory UUD:

Learn to set goals for upcoming work;

Learn to distinguish educational tasks different types;

Learn to control your learning activities, detect and correct errors, exercise control;

Learn to evaluate yourself and your friends

Communication UUD:

Improve the ability to work in pairs and in a group;

Learn to carry out educational cooperation;

Learn to work as consultants and provide mutual assistance as the task progresses.

During the classes

1. Org. moment:

Good afternoon, young thinkers. I am glad to see your smart and kind faces. I ask you to sit down.

2. Updating students’ knowledge:

Name big topic which we are studying.

3. Repetition of what has been covered:

What is a natural community?

What natural communities do we know?

4. Checking homework

A) Take a test that will show how you have mastered the topic:

Test on the topic “Natural community - lake” 3rd grade PNS

1.The lakes are located:

a) at the top of the mountain;

b) on the plain;

c) in the recesses of the land

2. Plants grow on lakes:

a) wheat, bindweed, plantain;

b) water lily, elodea, cattail, duckweed

3. Animal world lakes:

a) daphnia roach, perch, crayfish, pike;

b) mole, jay, stag beetle

4. Power circuits are:

a) a chain of transformations that begins with the same substance;

b) a chain of living organisms eating each other;

c) gold chain

5. Artificial reservoirs include:

a) streams, spring, lake;

b) rivers, seas, oceans;

c) ponds, reservoirs, canals

CHECK (SLIDE No. 1) (C B A B C)

Do you guys disagree with something?

Guys, what does a closed reservoir turn into: a lake or a pond?

(Children's guesses)

6. Guessing the riddle:

Everyone goes around this place

Here the earth is like dough,

There are sedges, hummocks, mosses...

No leg support.

(SLIDE No. 2)

7. Staging problematic issue:

Determine the topic of our lesson

What did you want to know about the topic “Swamp”?

The lesson plan is posted:

1). Natural community - swamp

2). Flora of the swamps

3). Swamp fauna

4).Power circuit

8. Filling out the self-assessment sheet at the beginning of the lesson

Do you have enough knowledge and understanding on this topic?

9. Getting to know lexical meaning the words “swamp” according to Ozhegov’s dictionary:

The swamp is a widespread natural community in our country.

Swamps and wetlands are very important in Russia. large territory, approximately 2 million square meters. (SLIDE No. 3).

Guys, show on the map the territory occupied by swamps.

How do you think swamps are formed?

10. Work on the anthology pp. 105-106. Reading the text “Where do swamps come from?”

So how do swamps form? Are there swamps in our region?

What can you tell from the slides about the vegetation of the swamps? (SLIDE No. 4)

In the swamp we can see all the layers of plants: trees, shrubs, herbs, mushrooms, mosses.

What trees are found in swamps?

Why is there poor vegetation in swamps?

Swampy soil has few humus-forming bacteria, so there is not much plant diversity. On the poor nutrients In the swampy soil, an amazing plant spread out like a fresh green carpet. We will try to find out what kind of plant this is by solving the riddle (SLIDE ABOUT MOSS No. 5)

11. Guessing the riddle:

Soft, not fluff, green, not grass.

What do you know about moss?

Practical work:

Examine sphagnum moss, use a magnifying glass

(SLIDE No. 6)

Message about moss from Valeria Kravchenko:

This is one of the most ancient plants; instead of roots, they have small outgrowths with which they are attached to the soil. What seems like leaves to us, moss actually has branches on which scales-leaves are located. Mosses do not bloom; they reproduce by spores. All year round mosses are green. When drought occurs, sphagnum moss turns white. But as soon as it rains, it turns green again. Moss can survive without water for several years. Even moss from a herbarium can sometimes be revived by giving it water.

Where do you think moss can be used?

(Used in construction. In villages, when laying log houses, it is placed between the logs to insulate the home. During the war, doctors used moss instead of bandages and cotton wool. Moss drew pus from wounds, disinfected them. This is how many Soviet soldiers were saved. Turns into peat , and peat is fuel).

Teacher:

Among the moss there are thin stalks of cotton grass with white shreds of “cotton wool” at the top. (SLIDE No. 7 cotton grass)

In the swamps there are arrowhead, sedge, wild rosemary, heather, calamus, valerian, and string. All these are medicinal plants. (SLIDE No. 8, No. 9)

But the most amazing plant of the swamp is the sundew.

Let's explore the word "sundew". What did you see? (SLIDE No. 10 + video)

Message from Maria Pustoutova about sundew:

Sundew and bladderwrack are amazing carnivorous plants. Sundew leaves are covered with hairs. There are droplets of liquid on the hairs, similar to small droplets, dewdrops. Hence the name of the plant. An insect will sit on a leaf and stick. The leaf closes. The insect is digested, leaving a hard chitinous cover and wings. This is how the sundew feeds.

Why do you think it is only in swamps that predatory plant species are found?

(In nature, everything is reasonable: there is little needed by plants substances - they are washed out and carried away by water. So the sundew gets them from insects.)

Name the berries that grow in the swamp? (Slide No. 11)

What are the features of these plants?

(These are low-growing shrubs, the roots spread along the surface and do not go deep. The leaves are of a special shape, often narrow and hard.)

Why do shrubs grow poorly in a swamp?

(Due to high humidity, unstable support)

There are many berry bushes in the swamp. Name them. But the main berry of the swamps is the cranberry.

But people have a saying about blueberries: “In a house where they eat blueberries, the doctor has nothing to do.”

How do you understand this saying?

In the swamps, white partridges feast on sweet berries, and roe deer feast on succulent parts of plants.

What other animals can live in a natural community - a swamp?

(Few animals live in swamps, but only those that feel good among hummocks, swamp grasses, bogs. The swamp is both a reliable shelter for them and a place where they can feed and raise their offspring. Among the inhabitants of swamps there are amphibians: grass snakes, newts, frogs, water rats, beavers and others. Many insects. Birds live.)

Think about whether there is a lot of suitable food for animals in this community?

(There are a lot of plants, but they are coarse, tasteless, and even difficult to walk. Moose occasionally come here. They are not afraid of swampy places, since they have long legs. Moose love algae and can dive for it.)

Look, what kind of animals are there in the swamp?

What birds can you see here?

What do these birds have in common in appearance?

(They all have long legs - this makes it easier to walk through the swamp. Long beaks - help them get food from the water. They all fly, and ducks also swim.)

Many others interesting birds.

Message about the sandpiper (Nazimov Ivan) (SLIDE No. 12)

Message about bittern (Mishina Alina)

12. Drawing up power circuits (SLIDE No. 13)

The words are given: mosquito, sundew, already, flowering plant, frog, heron.

13. Lesson summary.

What benefits does a swamp provide to humans? (SLIDE No. 14)

14. Fill out the self-assessment sheet.

15. Home assignment: student pp. 83-85, notebook No. 30

16. Parable

Where do swamps come from (a parable for children and adults)

She noticed the lake, which was gradually turning into a pond, and prayed:

People! People, cleanse me quickly!

But people shrugged it off:

It’s okay, a pond is enough for us!

I saw a pond that was beginning to become a swamp, and asked:

Help before it's too late!

Again people did not listen to him.

And soon, indeed, the former lake-pond turned into a swamp.

Now people walked around him, got stuck (some drowned) and were indignant:

And where do swamps come from?

LET'S ADD TO THIS:

AND NOT ONLY ON EARTH, BUT ALSO IN HUMAN SOULS.