What is self-esteem definition. A person’s self-esteem as the most important component of his “I-concept.” Reasons for low self-esteem

Self-esteem

A person’s assessment of himself, his capabilities, qualities and place among other people. Relating to the core of the personality, S. is an important regulator of its behavior. A person’s relationships with others, his criticality, self-demandingness, and attitude toward successes and failures depend on S. Thus, S. influences operational efficiency man and his further personality. S. is closely related to level of aspirations person, i.e. the degree of difficulty of the goals that he sets for himself. The discrepancy between a person’s aspirations and real capabilities leads to the fact that he begins to evaluate himself incorrectly, as a result of which his behavior becomes inadequate (emotional breakdowns occur, increased stress, etc.). S. receives objective expression in how a person evaluates the capabilities and results of the activities of others (for example, he belittles them when S. is overestimated). The works of domestic psychologists show the influence of S. on human cognitive(, , intellectual tasks) and S.’s place in the system interpersonal relationships, methods for forming an adequate system have been determined, and in the case of its deformation, its transformation through educational influences on the individual.

Brief psychological dictionary. - Rostov-on-Don: “PHOENIX”. L.A. Karpenko, A.V. Petrovsky, M. G. Yaroshevsky. 1998 .

Self-esteem

A person’s assessment of himself, his capabilities, qualities and place among other people is the value he attributes to himself or to his individual qualities. Relating to the core of personality, it is an important regulator of behavior. A person’s relationships with others, his criticality, self-demandingness, and attitude toward successes and failures depend on it. Thus, it affects the efficiency of activities and further development personality. The main criterion for evaluation is the individual’s system of personal meanings.

The main functions performed by self-esteem:

1 ) regulatory - on the basis of which problems are solved personal choice;

2 ) protective - ensuring relative stability and independence of the individual.

Self-esteem is closely related to the level of a person’s aspirations - the degree of difficulty of the goals that he sets for himself. The discrepancy between aspirations and real capabilities leads to the fact that he begins to evaluate himself incorrectly, as a result of which his behavior becomes inadequate - emotional breakdowns, increased anxiety, etc. occur. Self-esteem is externally expressed in how a person evaluates the capabilities and results of the activities of others (for example, belittles them with inflated self-esteem). A significant role in the formation of self-esteem is played by assessments of surrounding personalities and the individual’s achievements.

IN domestic psychology shows the influence of self-esteem on cognitive activity person (, solving intellectual problems), the place of self-esteem in the system of interpersonal relations, methods for forming adequate self-esteem, and in case of its deformation, methods for its transformation through educational influences.

Dictionary of a practical psychologist. - M.: AST, Harvest. S. Yu. Golovin. 1998.

The value that an individual attributes to himself or to his individual qualities.

The main evaluation criterion is the individual’s system of personal meanings. The main functions performed by self-esteem are regulatory, on the basis of which problems of personal choice are solved, and protective, ensuring relative stability and independence of the individual. A significant role in the formation of self-esteem is played by assessments of the surrounding achievements of the individual and his personality.

Psychological Dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000.

SELF-ESTEEM

(English) self-esteem) - value, significance, which an individual assigns to himself as a whole and to individual aspects of his personalities, activities, behavior. S. acts as a relatively stable structural formation, a component Self-concepts,self-awareness, and as a process of self-evaluation. The basis of S. is the system personal meanings the individual and his adopted value system. It is considered as a central personal formation and a central component of the self-concept.

S. performs regulatory And protective functions, influencing the behavior, activity and development of the individual, her relationships with other people. Reflecting the degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with oneself, the level of self-esteem, S. creates the basis for perceiving one’s own success and failure, setting goals of a certain level, i.e. level of personality aspirations. Protective function S., providing relative stability and autonomy () of the individual, can lead to a distortion of the data of experience and thereby have a negative effect. influence on development.

S. of a developed individual form complex system, which determines the nature of the individual’s self-relationship and includes general S., which reflects the level of self-esteem, holistic acceptance or non-acceptance of oneself, and partial, private S., characterizing the attitude towards individual aspects of one’s personality, actions, success individual species activities. S. m. b. different levels awareness and generality.

S. is characterized as follows. parameters: 1) level (value) - high, medium and low S.; 2) realism - adequate and inadequate (overestimated and underestimated) S.; 3) structural features - conflict and conflict-free S.; 4) temporary O th attribution - prognostic, current, retrospective S.; 5) stability, etc.

For the development of personality, such a character of self-attitude is effective when it is enough high overall S. is combined with adequate, differentiated partial S. different levels. Stable and at the same time quite flexible S. (which, if necessary, can change under the influence new information, gaining experience, assessments of others, changing criteria, etc.) is optimal for both development and productivity. Negative the influence is exerted by overly stable, rigid S., as well as by highly fluctuating, unstable ones. Conflict in S. can be both productive and disorganizing. The instability and conflict of S. increases during critical periods of development, in particular, in adolescence.

Self-esteem is formed on the basis of the assessments of others, assessments of the results of one’s own activities, and also on the basis of the relationship between real and ideal ideas about oneself. Preservation of the formed, habitual S. becomes for a person need, which is associated with a number of important self-esteem phenomena, such as , discomfort of success, etc. See also Mirror Self. (A.M. Parishioner.)

Editor's addition: Ross. psychologists often call S. any judgment a person makes about himself: age, abilities, character, plans, experiences, etc. For example, in the collection. with the ambitious title “Best psychological tests for professional selection and career guidance” a “test” called “Self-Esteem Scale” (Ch. D. Spielberger, Yu. L. Khanin) is proposed, which is considered a method for assessing the level of anxiety (as a state and personality trait). "WITH." here it is contrasted, for example, with expert assessment.

Large psychological dictionary. - M.: Prime-EVROZNAK. Ed. B.G. Meshcheryakova, acad. V.P. Zinchenko. 2003 .

Self-esteem

   SELF-ESTEEM (With. 526) - an element of self-awareness, characterized by emotionally rich assessments of oneself as a person, one’s own abilities, moral qualities and actions; an important regulator of behavior. Self-esteem determines a person’s relationships with others, his criticality, self-demandingness, and attitude towards successes and failures. Thus, self-esteem influences the effectiveness of a person’s activities and the development of his personality. Self-esteem is closely related to the level of aspirations and goals that a person sets for himself. Adequate self-esteem allows a person to correctly correlate his strengths with tasks of varying difficulty and with the demands of others. Inadequate (overestimated or underestimated) self-esteem deforms inner world personality, distorts its motivational and emotional-volitional spheres and thereby prevents harmonious development.

Self-esteem is formed, firstly, under the influence of the assessments that other people give to a person. A person tends to evaluate himself the way he thinks he is evaluated by others. Disdain for this kind of “external” assessment is rarely sincere; a person takes it into account one way or another. Secondly, self-esteem is formed as a result of comparing the image of the real “I” (how a person sees himself) with the image of the ideal “I” (how a person would like to see himself). A high degree of coincidence between these formations corresponds to a harmonious mental makeup.

Popular psychological encyclopedia. - M.: Eksmo. S.S. Stepanov. 2005.

Self-esteem

Our opinion about ourselves. When assessing their abilities, children may have a high or low opinion of themselves, depending on their own success and the assessments of those around them. In early childhood, a child judges himself according to four main criteria:

1. Cognitive competence: the ability to solve problems and achieve goals.

2. Social competence: ability to maintain relationships with other people.

3. Physical competence: “what can I (or can’t) do” - run, play football, etc.

With age, the criteria for self-esteem become more differentiated as ideas about our attractiveness in the eyes of the opposite sex, a sense of humor, professional suitability, etc. are formed. In some theories, self-esteem is considered as the result of a joint perception of our abilities in all areas of life. Because some areas seem more important than others (for example, we may not be concerned about our own appearance or physical strength), we tend to weigh the importance of each opinion rather than sum them up. According to other views on the development of self-esteem, it is based on the opinions and judgments of other people (see).

Psychology. AND I. Dictionary reference / Transl. from English K. S. Tkachenko. - M.: FAIR PRESS. Mike Cordwell. 2000.

See what “self-esteem” is in other dictionaries:

self-esteem- self-esteem … Spelling dictionary-reference book

Self-esteem- this is a person’s idea of ​​the importance of his personal activities in society and an assessment of himself and his own qualities and feelings, advantages and disadvantages, expressing them openly or closed. The main evaluation criterion is the system... ... Wikipedia

SELF-ESTEEM- a person’s assessment of himself, his capabilities, qualities and place among other people; one of the most important regulators of individual behavior... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Self-esteem- the value that an individual attributes to himself or to his individual qualities. The main evaluation criterion is the individual’s system of personal meanings. The main functions that are performed by self-esteem are regulatory, based on... ... Psychological Dictionary

Self-esteem is an assessment of the value that, from an individual's point of view, he represents as a person. She is credited doing three functions: protection, regulation and development.

Types of self-esteem

Self-esteem is a person’s assessment of his actions, judgments and thought forms. There is a known division into types of self-esteem. So it can be adequate, underestimated and overestimated. The type of self-esteem of a particular person directly determines his behavior in the human community.

There is a common misconception about being productive. However, this is not quite true. Any deviation from an adequate perception of oneself, one’s abilities and one’s position entails numerous problems in the psychological state, relationships with people and personal development.

Low self-esteem entails indecision and constraint in one’s actions. It makes a person insecure, timid and prone to influence from other people. Often such people are afraid to express their point of view and feel guilty. They often become envious and vindictive, looking for any opportunity to assert themselves. Low self-esteem often develops in early age. However, there are cases when it also occurs in adults.

Inflated self-esteem puts a person into a state of illusion regarding his real capabilities and his potential. Too high an assessment of one’s own qualities often leads to dissonance with respect to a person’s real achievements and, accordingly, the opinion of the surrounding community. This can lead to conflicts, because an individual prone to inflated self-esteem will believe that he is underestimated. They are confident that they are superior to other people and constantly strive to prove it. This approach often leads to the fact that people around them begin to avoid their company.

Self-esteem and self-confidence

There are two main factors that influence a person's ability to become successful: adequate self-esteem and self-confidence. They are directly interconnected with each other. If a person has problems adequately assessing his own capabilities, he will not be able to acquire constructive confidence in his abilities. Such a person needs to analyze his actions and develop the ability to evaluate his qualities adequately, without exaggerating or downplaying their significance. The process of such metamorphosis can take many years.

There are several traits that are characteristic of self-confident people:

• Expressing your needs on your own behalf, without hiding behind some formation (“I need” or “I want”, instead of “for people like me”);
• Positive assessment of your capabilities and achieving goals that are achievable, but not simple;
• Recognizing your own achievements and your own failures;
• Ability to express thoughts and perceive constructive criticism.
• Perception of achieving the set goals as a factor of success, and, at the same time, in the event of impossibility of achieving the set goals, an adequate assessment of the result and the search for more realistic tasks;
• Completing tasks as they become available, without forcing them or postponing them for later.

With adequate self-esteem, a person becomes a confident person. To form it, you need to make a lot of effort in practice and make a certain impact, evaluating the actions taken in the future.

Self-esteem diagnostics

To determine the level of adequacy in assessing your personality, potential and achievements, you need to turn to such a factor as self-esteem diagnostics.

There are a huge variety of techniques that allow you to do this:

• Dembo-Rubinstein technique. It makes it possible to evaluate three main parameters that determine self-esteem: height, realism and stability. The main thing in this technique is to pay attention to the comments that a person gives about his being at one level or another on these scales. To evaluate an individual, talking to him is key.
• Budassi technique. Based on the correlation of the qualities of the ideal “I” and the real one. This method relies on personality self-assessment. A person himself finds points of contact between his real characteristics and his ideal ones. Or comparing yourself to other people.
• Cattell test. On this moment is a very popular method of assessing personality and its key traits. This questionnaire is used to determine 16 personality factors. One of them is self-esteem. The optimal results are the average numbers that show adequate self-esteem.
• Method V. Shur. It can also be called a “ladder”. Both group and individual options are available. Most often used on children. It consists of depicting a ladder of seven steps in front of a person or group of people. On the first there are “good” people, and on the seventh there are “bad” people. And the individual must determine his location himself.
• Test by Timothy Leary. It consists of a list of 128 judgments, divided into 8 types of relationships, 16 points each. They are ordered according to the degree of intensity in increasing order. The peculiarity of this method is that the judgments are not grouped in a row, but into 4 types and are repeated at regular intervals.

There are also many other techniques. It is not possible to list everything in the format of one article.

Development of self-esteem

The development of self-esteem occurs constantly throughout life. However, the most important stage is early childhood. Therefore, very significant influence used by parents, as well as educators and teachers in kindergartens and primary schools. Exactly on at this stage the foundation of ideas about the world and one’s position in it is laid.

A child first of all imitates the adults who surround him. And also seeks their approval. Thus, without having the experience of confronting authoritative opinion, the self-esteem that is given to the child by the parents is accepted by him unquestioningly.

IN preschool age a stereotype of human behavior is formed. It is laid down by parents along with the socialization of the individual. The child is taught to be polite, sociable, and modest. Templates are often transferred in the same way social behavior, which can over time become an obstacle to achieving personal goals.

When surrounded by other children, the child begins to compare himself more with his peers, rather than with his parents. Although key role, adults are still playing. In particular teachers. Here academic performance and compliance with the norms of behavior in the school environment come to the fore. At this age, basic behavioral labels are instilled.

Often this happens not entirely adequate to the real picture, or even completely inadequate. the restless one will be called a bully. If he can't cope with curriculum- then they will call him lazy. Such judgments are also taken on faith, being authoritative.

Approaching adulthood, a teenager takes less and less into account the opinions of his elders, now taking the assessment of his peers as authority, since at this age a person strives to occupy his specific niche in social hierarchy. Initially, a person develops a critical attitude towards other people and only then towards himself and his actions. This often leads to the child acting unjustifiably cruel towards people around him. An important criterion for a person is belonging to one or another social group. If an individual does not feel accepted into a particular company, he will look for another where he will take his rightful place. Often it is this factor that plays a role in the fact that a child joins “bad” company.

After graduating from school, having gone through adolescence, a person enters adult life, already possessing the set of attitudes that have been ingrained in him since early childhood. They can be either “plus” or “minus”. A positive attitude promotes resilience in one's self-esteem and resilience in accepting one's failures, which will feel more like a regrouping.

Adequate self-esteem

In the human community, there are many truly talented and gifted people who could not achieve the desired heights only due to their low self-esteem. Adequate self-esteem is the foundation on which you can build strong dynamics of success. It can be assessed either in practice in achieving the set goals or with the help of the conclusions of experts in this field.

Adequate self-esteem is expressed in a realistic view of oneself and one’s own achievements. It allows a person to critically evaluate his capabilities, set goals that can be realized, and achieve them. There are many factors influencing its development. Among them are both the structure of one’s own perception of oneself and the surrounding reality, and the influence of the judgment of surrounding people.

An adequate assessment of one’s personality brings a person a state of harmony and confidence in himself and his abilities. It helps not only to compensate for one’s negative qualities, but also to give worthy realization to one’s talents.

A high self-evaluation

There is an opinion, often erroneous, that high self-esteem contributes to successful implementation in the human community. From the point of view of psychologists, this statement is very far from the truth. In fact, high self-esteem is just as dangerous as low self-esteem, since it forms an inadequate image of yourself and the people around you. It contributes to the fact that a person perceives constructive criticism with hostility.

Such people often find in any case an attempt to hurt them. They react aggressively to any attempt to correct them or point out a flaw. In contrast to people with inflated self-esteem, people with adequate self-esteem are able to perceive criticism from others and are aware of their shortcomings and defects. They do not feel threatened by the opinions of people around them, and therefore are not in constant voltage expecting “aggression” from other people in their direction.

There are two signs of high self-esteem:

• Judging yourself too highly, your personality and your abilities
• High level of narcissism

Although moderately high self-esteem in itself is not so bad, it does have one dangerous property. If such an assessment is not supported by real achievements, a person may acquire the opposite, low self-esteem.

Raising self-esteem

More than 80 percent of people have low self-esteem. They are unable to adequately assess their abilities and qualities, being captive of constant self-criticism.

It can solve the problem of one’s own realization and achieving both success in communication in one’s environment and achieving certain career heights.

So, what do you need to do to improve your self-esteem?

First of all, you need to stop comparing yourself to others. Always, in all cases, you can find a person more or less successful than you. You just need to be aware that your personal qualities are unique. You need to find your own strengths and positive traits.

If you receive a compliment, accept it with gratitude. Don't give up on it. And finally, change your environment. Because constructive and positive-thinking people will be able to adequately perceive your qualities and will help increase your self-esteem. There should be more such people in your sphere of communication than others.

Self-esteem They call how a person perceives and is aware of his personal qualities, as well as how he evaluates them. Whether he sees his strengths and weaknesses in real light depends on self-esteem.

Adequate/inadequate self-esteem. Perhaps the most important types of personal self-esteem, since they determine how sensibly and correctly a person assesses his strengths, actions and qualities.

High/medium/ low self-esteem. Here the assessment level is directly determined. Manifests itself in giving excessive significance or, conversely, insignificance. own merits and shortcomings. Extreme types of self-esteem rarely contribute to the productive development of a person, since a low one blocks decisive action, and an overestimated one suggests that everything is fine as it is, and, in general, there is no need to do anything.

Stable/floating self-esteem. It is determined by whether a person’s self-esteem depends on his mood or success in a particular situation (period of life).

General/specific/specific-situational self-esteem. Indicates the area to which the assessment applies. Does a person evaluate himself based on physical or mental data, in a specific area: business, family, personal life. Sometimes this may only apply to certain situations.

23. characteristics of each type of temperament

Cholerics

The choleric temperament type has both its positive and negative qualities. Let's first consider the advantages

Cholerics are straightforward and decisive. They always know what to do in a certain situation. These people are fast, agile, the work in their hands is simply in full swing. Representatives of this type of temperament take on new business without problems or fear. They do everything quickly and overcome various obstacles without difficulty. Cholerics love to argue and prove that they are right. The facial expressions of such people are expressive. As they say, it’s all written on their faces. The speech of such people is lively and emotional. They can complement it with various movements of the hands and body. Feelings in choleric people manifest themselves very quickly, they are always bright and emotionally charged. Choleric people almost never take offense and do not remember insults. Such a person falls asleep and wakes up quickly.

Disadvantages of choleric temperament

The speed of a choleric person often turns into haste. Movements are sharp, impetuous, often unbalanced and unrestrained. Cholerics clearly lack patience. Straightforwardness can sometimes play its negative role. People are very often offended by the statements of choleric people. Individuals with this type of temperament often provoke various kinds of conflict situations. Cholerics are accustomed to working in spurts. A sharp rise is replaced by a decline in activity. And so on in a circle. These are people who are not afraid to take risks. That is why they often find themselves in uncomfortable situations. Cholerics are superficial. They don't like to delve into the essence of the problem. Prone to mood swings. Such people do not tolerate the mistakes of others

Phlegmatic person

Advantages, positive aspects of phlegmatic people

First of all, these are calm, reasonable and balanced people. They have self-control in any, even conflict and controversial situation. Such people are consistent in their actions. They always bring everything they start to its logical conclusion. Their speech is measured and calm. There are no unnecessary movements or pronounced facial expressions. Such people don't talk much. They adhere to consistency in their work and do not like to deviate from order. Constant not only in relationships, but also in interests. These are most often monogamous. Their feelings are deep, but carefully hidden from surrounding eyes. These are reliable, unforgiving people who are very difficult to piss off.

Negative sides of phlegmatic people

They react poorly to external stimuli, so they are quite slow to accept new circumstances. Such people are unemotional. Sometimes it is impossible to understand what exactly is going on in their soul. They are very slow to get involved in new work, and also switch from one thing to another. It is quite difficult to adapt to a new environment. It is not easy to meet new people. It is worth noting that in the lives of phlegmatic people there are quite a lot of patterns and stereotypes that they strictly follow.

Sanguine

+ Their mood is mostly good. But it can change dramatically. All feelings for such people arise very quickly. However, they do not differ in depth. Troubles and failures are experienced without any problems, quite easily. Endurance and performance are at a high level. They make new acquaintances without any problems. When communicating with new people they do not experience discomfort, inconvenience, or fear. Such people restrain their emotions even in the most difficult situations. They have an excellent sense of self-control. Speech is loud, hasty, but distinct. Facial expressions and gestures are bright and expressed. These are good organizers. They are persistent in their activities and bring all matters to their logical conclusion.

- Tend to not finish things. However, this is only true if interest in the activity is lost. Sanguine people do not accept monotonous work. Such people often overestimate themselves and their capabilities. These are people who quickly change hobbies. This applies to both interests and personal life. When making decisions, such individuals can be hasty and rash. The mood of sanguine people is unstable and prone to change.

Melancholic

+ Melancholic people are sensitive. However, this can also apply to temperament type deficiencies. Such people place high demands on themselves, which forces them to strive for the best. They are tactful and reserved. Melancholic people have a great sense of other people and their mood. The emotions of such people are strong, deep, vivid, constant. They work calmly and productively. However, only in a familiar environment.

- Again, increased sensitivity and emotionality come to the fore. Such people endure insults very hard, and if they get upset, it lasts for a long time. Melancholic people in most cases are shy, shy, and not inclined to communicate. These are people who rarely laugh. Basically they are pessimistic. They don’t like anything new and take a long time to adapt to a new team. Change for them is something terrible and difficult. They need to take breaks while working, as they are prone to fatigue. Their speech is quiet and weak. Facial expressions and gestures are practically absent. These are tearful, whiny people. In most cases, melancholic people are fearful, anxious and withdrawn. In difficult moments, such people tend to get lost; they often give up in front of obstacles, not trying to get around them or get them out of the way

In psychological research, self-esteem is interpreted as a personal formation that is directly involved in the regulation of behavior and activity, as an autonomous characteristic of the individual, its central component, formed with the active participation of the individual himself and reflecting the qualitative peculiarity of his inner world (L. I. Bozhovich, A. G. Kovalev, K.K. Platonov, etc.). The leading role is given to self-esteem in the framework of the study of problems of self-awareness: it is characterized as the core of this process, an indicator of the individual level of its development, an integrating principle, its personal aspect, organically included in the process of self-awareness (K. G. Ananyev, I. O. Kon, A. G. Spirkin, V.V. Stolin, etc.).

Let us consider, for example, several definitions of the concept “self-esteem”.

The psychological dictionary edited by V. P. Zinchenko, B. G. Meshcheryakov states that self-esteem (English: self-esteem) - value, significance, which an individual assigns to himself as a whole and to individual aspects of his personality, activities, behavior.

I. I. Chesnokova writes that self-esteem is usually understood as an internalized mechanism of social contacts, orientations and values, transformed into an individual’s assessment of himself, his capabilities, quality and place among other people.

According to A. A. Rean, self-esteem is a component of self-awareness, which includes, along with knowledge about oneself, a person’s assessment of his physical characteristics, abilities, moral qualities and actions.

Definitions given in Psychological Dictionary, A.A. Rean and I.I. Chesnokova, in our opinion, do not reveal the ways of forming self-esteem, do not provide its sufficient essential characteristics. Therefore, in this course work we will use the definition of A.V. Zakharova: self-esteem is a form of a person’s reflection of himself as a special object of cognition, representing accepted values, personal meanings, a measure of orientation towards socially developed requirements for behavior and activity.

Self-esteem is reflected in the situation of self-esteem. It represents an intellectual and reflexive action: a person considers himself, his actions and qualities as an object of evaluation and at the same time is the bearer of these qualities, i.e. active subject.

The leading role is given to self-esteem within the framework of the study of problems of self-awareness: it is characterized as the core of this process, an indicator of the individual level of its development, its personal aspect, organically included in the process of self-knowledge. In addition, self-esteem is part of the structure of self-awareness. For example, R. Burns understands the self-concept as a set of attitudes “toward oneself.” In accordance with this, he identifies the following components:

1) the image of “I” - the individual’s idea of ​​himself;

2) self-esteem - an affective assessment of this idea, which can have varying intensity, since specific features of the image of “I” can cause more or less strong emotions associated with their acceptance or condemnation;

3) potential behavioral reaction, i.e. those specific actions that can be caused by the image of “I” and self-esteem.

S.L. Rubinstein notes that self-esteem, as the most important component of a person’s holistic self-awareness, is a necessary condition for a person’s harmonious relationship, both with himself and with other people with whom he enters into communication and interaction.

Psychological research convincingly proves that the characteristics of self-esteem affect both the emotional state and the degree of satisfaction with one’s work, study, life, and relationships with others. At the same time, self-esteem itself also depends on the factors described above.

Thus, self-esteem is a form of reflection by a person of himself as a special object of knowledge, representing accepted values, personal meanings, and a measure of orientation towards socially developed requirements for behavior and activity. Self-esteem is a component of self-concept. She defines character social behavior a person, his activity, the need for achievement, goal setting and productivity. Therefore, many scientists agree that self-esteem is, if not the core of personality, then at least one of the most important personal formations.