What is stress and its causes. What is stress? Physiological and psycho-emotional
Questionnaire by G. Eysenck
Includes a description of various mental states, the presence of which the subject must confirm or deny. The questionnaire makes it possible to determine the level of anxiety, frustration, aggression and rigidity.
Instructions: “in front of each statement there are three numbers: 2, 1, 0. if the statement suits you, then circle the number 2; if it doesn’t quite fit - number 1; if it doesn’t fit, 0.”
Survey questions
1. I am often unsure of my abilities.
2. Often it seems to me that a situation is hopeless, from which a way out could be found.
3. I often have the last word.
4. It is difficult for me to change my habits.
5. I often blush over trifles.
6. Troubles upset me greatly and I lose heart.
7. Often in a conversation I interrupt my interlocutor.
8. I have difficulty switching from one task to another.
9. I often wake up at night.
10. In case of major troubles, I usually blame only myself.
11. I get angry easily.
12. I am very careful about changes in my life.
13. I get discouraged easily.
14. Misfortunes and bad luck teach me nothing.
15. I often have to make comments to others.
16. It is difficult to convince me in an argument.
17. Even imaginary troubles worry me.
18. I often give up fighting, considering it useless.
19. I want to be an authority for others.
20. I often have thoughts that I should get rid of.
21. I am afraid of the difficulties that I will face.
22. I often feel defenseless.
23. In any business I am not satisfied with little, I want to achieve maximum success.
24. I get close to people easily.
25. I often delve into my shortcomings.
26. Sometimes I have states of despair.
27. It is difficult for me to control myself when I am angry.
28. I get very worried if something changes a lot in my life.
29. I am easy to convince.
30. I feel confused when I have difficulties.
31. I prefer to lead rather than obey.
32. I often show stubbornness.
33 I am concerned about my health.
34. In difficult times, I sometimes behave childishly.
35. I have sharp, rude gestures.
36. I am not willing to take risks.
37. I find it difficult to stand waiting time.
38. I think that I will never be able to correct my shortcomings.
39. I am vindictive.
40. Even minor disruptions to my plans upset me.
Key
1. Anxiety scale: 1, 5, 9, 13,17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37.
2. Frustration scale: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38.
3. Aggression scale: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39.
4. Rigidity scale: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40.
When processing the results, the number of answers “1” and “2” that match the key is counted. For each answer “2” that matches the key, 2 points are awarded, for the answer “1” - 1 point. The responses on each scale are then summed. The average score on each scale is -10.
Exceeding it indicates the predominance of the quality under study in the personality structure.
The characteristics that are examined in the questionnaire are defined as follows:
Personal anxiety is an individual’s tendency to experience anxiety, characterized by a low threshold for the occurrence of an anxiety reaction;
Frustration is a mental state that arises as a result of a real or imaginary obstacle that prevents the achievement of a goal;
Aggression is increased psychological activity, the desire for leadership through the use of force in relation to other people.
Rigidity is the difficulty in changing the activity planned by the subject in conditions that objectively require its restructuring.
At the second stage of the work, it is proposed to use the “incomplete sentences” method, which is projective technique, which allows us to specifically clarify the subject’s attitude to the environment and some personal attitudes.
The test taker must continue the following sentence:
Tomorrow I...
When I finish school...
The day will come when...
I want to live because...
When processing the results, you should pay attention to the characteristics of adolescents’ perception of the environment and the presence or absence of a conscious desire to preserve life.
A self-assessment test for mental states has been developed famous psychologist Hans Eysenck.
Using the test, you can, to a first approximation, determine the levels of mental states such as anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness, and rigidity.
Anxiety– individual mental feature, manifested in a person’s tendency to experience frequent and intense anxiety, as well as a low threshold for its occurrence. Here, anxiety acts as an experience of emotional discomfort associated with the expectation of trouble, with a premonition of impending or perceived danger.
Frustration- a mental state caused by failure to satisfy a need or desire. Manifests itself in negative experiences: disappointment, irritation, anxiety, despair, etc.
Aggressiveness- unprovoked hostility of a person towards people and the world around him, not caused by objective circumstances. It manifests itself in a tendency to attack, cause trouble, harm people, animals, and the environment. Sometimes it manifests itself in the form of a demonstration of superiority in strength in relation to another person or other social object.
Rigidity– difficulty (up to complete inability) in changing the program of activity planned by the subject in conditions that objectively require its restructuring. A personality trait that has the opposite meaning is plasticity.
Take the test
26-10-2018 05:17:51 PM
Attention! The information on the site is not a public offer. We draw your attention to the fact that this website is for informational purposes only and under no circumstances is it a public offer defined by the provisions of Part 2 of Art. 437 Civil Code Russian Federation.
The Hans Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) will help you find out your temperament, determine your temperament type, taking into account your introversion and extroversion personality, as well as emotional stability. Diagnosis of self-esteem according to G. Eysenck is, perhaps, a classic method for determining temperament and one of the most significant in modern psychology.
By passing the Eysenck temperament test, you will be able to better know your own self. You will understand what your character is and will be able to take a more correct position in life. Knowing the temperament of your loved ones and friends will help you get along comfortably in your family and work team. For example, in some schools, applicants must pass a temperament test. In accordance with these tests, classes will be formed in the future. When hiring, many employers also offer to take a temperament test in order to select the applicant who will successfully fit into the team.
Instructions.
You are asked to answer 57 questions. The questions are aimed at identifying your usual way of behavior. Try to imagine typical situations and give the first “natural” answer that comes to your mind. If you agree with the statement, put a + (yes) sign next to its number; if not, put a - (no) sign next to its number.
Stimulus material for the Personality Questionnaire of G. Eysenck (EPI Temperament Test. Diagnostics of self-esteem according to Eysenck. Methodology for determining temperament).
- Do you like the excitement and bustle around you?
- Do you often have a restless feeling that you want something, but you don’t know what?
- Are you one of those people who don't mince words?
- Do you feel sometimes happy and sometimes sad for no reason?
- Do you usually keep a low profile at parties or in company?
- As a child, did you always do immediately and without complaint what you were told?
- Do you sometimes have a bad mood?
- When you are drawn into a quarrel, do you prefer to remain silent, hoping that everything will work out?
- Are you easily susceptible to mood swings?
- Do you like being around people?
- Have you often lost sleep because of your worries?
- Are you stubborn sometimes?
- Would you call yourself dishonest?
- Do good thoughts often come to you too late?
- Do you prefer to work alone?
- Do you often feel lethargic and tired for no good reason?
- Are you a lively person by nature?
- Do you sometimes laugh at indecent jokes?
- Do you often get so bored with something that you feel “fed up”?
- Do you feel self-conscious in anything other than casual clothing?
- Do your thoughts often wander when you are trying to focus on something?
- Can you quickly express your thoughts in words?
- Are you often lost in your thoughts?
- Are you completely free from all prejudices?
- Do you like April Fools' jokes?
- Do you often think about your work?
- Do you really like to eat delicious food?
- Do you need a friendly person to talk you out when you're angry?
- Do you hate borrowing or selling something when you need money?
- Do you brag sometimes?
- Are you very sensitive to certain things?
- Would you rather be alone at home than go to a boring party?
- Do you sometimes get so restless that you can't sit still for long?
- Do you tend to plan your affairs carefully and earlier than you should?
- Do you ever feel dizzy?
- Do you always respond to emails immediately after reading them?
- Do you do a better job of thinking about it on your own rather than discussing it with others?
- Do you ever feel short of breath even if you haven't done any strenuous work?
- Would you say that you are a person who doesn't care about things being exactly the way they should be?
- Do you prefer to plan rather than act?
- Do you sometimes put off until tomorrow what you should do today?
- Do you get nervous in places like an elevator, subway, tunnel?
- When meeting people, are you usually the first to take the initiative?
- Do you have severe headaches?
- Do you usually think that everything will work itself out and go back to normal?
- Have you ever lied in your life?
- Do you sometimes say the first thing that comes to mind?
- How long do you worry after the embarrassment that happened?
- Are you usually closed off to everyone except your close friends?
- Do troubles often happen to you?
- Do you like to tell stories to your friends?
- Do you prefer to win more than lose?
- Do you often feel awkward in the company of people higher than you?
- When circumstances are against you, do you usually think that something else is worth doing?
- Do you often get a queasy feeling in the pit of your stomach before an important task?
Key, results processing Personality questionnaire G. Eysenck (EPI temperament test. Diagnosis of self-esteem according to Eysenck. Methodology for determining temperament)
Extraversion - introversion:
- “yes” (+): 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56;
- “no” (-): 5, 15, 20, 29, 32, 34, 37, 41, 51.
Neuroticism (emotional stability - emotional instability):
- “yes” (+): 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52 , 55, 57.
"Lie scale":
- “yes” (+): 6, 24, 36;
- “no” (-): 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.
Answers that match the key are worth 1 point.
Interpretation of the results of the G. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPI temperament test. Diagnosis of self-esteem according to Eysenck. Methodology for determining temperament)
When analyzing the results, you should adhere to the following guidelines.
Extraversion - introversion:
- over 19 - bright extrovert,
- over 15 - extrovert,
- more than 12 - a tendency towards extroversion,
- 12 - average value,
- less than 12 - tendency towards introversion,
- less than 9 - introvert,
- less than 5 - deep introvert.
Neuroticism:
- more than 19 - very high level of neuroticism,
- more than 13 - high level of neuroticism,
- 9 - 13 - average value,
- less than 9 - low level of neuroticism.
Lie:
- more than 4 - insincerity in answers, which also indicates some demonstrative behavior and the subject’s orientation towards social approval,
- less than 4 is normal.
Description of scales
Extraversion - introversion
Characterizing a typical extrovert, the author notes his sociability and outward orientation of the individual, a wide circle of acquaintances, and the need for contacts. He acts under the influence of the moment, is impulsive, quick-tempered, carefree, optimistic, good-natured, and cheerful. Prefers movement and action, tends to be aggressive. Feelings and emotions are not strictly controlled, and he is prone to risky actions. You can't always rely on him.
A typical introvert is a quiet, shy, introjective person who is prone to introspection. Reserved and distant from everyone except close friends. Plans and thinks about his actions in advance, does not trust sudden impulses, takes decisions seriously, loves order in everything. He controls his feelings and is not easily angered. He is pessimistic and highly values moral standards.
Neuroticism
Characterizes emotional stability or instability (emotional stability or instability). Neuroticism, according to some data, is associated with indicators of nervous system lability. Emotional stability is a trait that expresses the preservation of organized behavior and situational focus in normal and stressful situations. Characterized by maturity, excellent adaptation, lack of great tension, anxiety, as well as a tendency to leadership and sociability. Neuroticism is expressed in extreme nervousness, instability, poor adaptation, a tendency to quickly change moods (lability), feelings of guilt and anxiety, preoccupation, depressive reactions, absent-mindedness, instability in stressful situations. Neuroticism corresponds to emotionality and impulsiveness; unevenness in contacts with people, variability of interests, self-doubt, pronounced sensitivity, impressionability, tendency to irritability. A neurotic personality is characterized by inappropriately strong reactions in relation to the stimuli that cause them. In persons with high performance According to the neuroticism scale, neurosis may develop in unfavorable stressful situations.
Eysenck circle.
Explanation for the drawing "Eysenck circle":
Sanguine = stable + extroverted
Phlegmatic = stable + introverted
Melancholic = unstable + introverted
Choleric = unstable + extroverted
The results on the extraversion and neuroticism scales are presented using a coordinate system. The interpretation of the results obtained is based on psychological characteristics individuals corresponding to one or another square of the coordinate model, taking into account the degree of expression of individual psychological properties and the degree of reliability of the data obtained.
Drawing on data from higher physiology nervous activity, Eysenck hypothesizes that the strong and weak types, according to Pavlov, are very close to the extroverted and introverted personality types. The nature of introversion and extraversion is seen in the innate properties of the central nervous system, which ensure the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition.
Thus, using survey data on the scales of extraversion, introversion and neuroticism, it is possible to derive indicators of personality temperament according to the classification of Pavlov, who described four classical types: sanguine (according to the basic properties of the central nervous system is characterized as strong, balanced, mobile), choleric (strong, unbalanced, mobile), phlegmatic (strong, balanced, inert), melancholic (weak, unbalanced, inert).
"Clean" sanguine(high extraversion and low neuroticism) quickly adapts to new conditions, quickly gets along with people, and is sociable. Feelings arise and change easily, emotional experiences are usually shallow. Facial expressions are rich, mobile, expressive. He is somewhat restless, needs new impressions, does not sufficiently regulate his impulses, and does not know how to strictly adhere to the established routine, life, or work system. In this regard, he cannot successfully carry out work that requires an equal expenditure of effort, prolonged and methodical tension, perseverance, stability of attention, and patience. In the absence of serious goals, deep thoughts, creative activity superficiality and inconstancy are developed.
Choleric(high extraversion and high neuroticism) characterized by increased excitability, actions are intermittent. He is characterized by sharpness and swiftness of movements, strength, impulsiveness, and vivid expression of emotional experiences. Due to imbalance, carried away by a task, he tends to act with all his might and become more exhausted than he should. Having public interest, temperament shows initiative, energy, and integrity. In the absence of spiritual life, choleric temperament often manifests itself in irritability, efficiency, lack of restraint, hot temper, and inability to self-control under emotional circumstances.
Phlegmatic person (high introversion and high neuroticism) characterized comparatively low level activity of behavior, new forms of which are developed slowly, but are persistent. Possesses slowness and calmness in actions, facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy, depth of feelings and moods. A persistent and persistent “worker of life”, he rarely loses his temper, is not prone to emotions, having calculated his strength, gets things done to the end, is even in relationships, moderately sociable, and does not like to chat in vain. Saves energy and doesn’t waste it. Depending on the conditions, in some cases a phlegmatic person may be characterized by “positive” traits - endurance, depth of thoughts, constancy, thoroughness, etc., in others - lethargy, indifference to the environment, laziness and lack of will, poverty and weakness of emotions, a tendency to perform just habitual actions.
Melancholic(high introversion and high neuroticism). His reaction often does not correspond to the strength of the stimulus; there is depth and stability of feelings with weak expression. It is difficult for him to concentrate on something for a long time. Strong influences often cause a prolonged inhibitory reaction in a melancholic person (give up). He is characterized by restraint and subdued motor skills and speech, shyness, timidity, and indecisiveness. IN normal conditions melancholic is a deep, meaningful person who can be a good worker and successfully cope with life’s tasks. At unfavorable conditions can turn into a closed, fearful, anxious, vulnerable person, prone to difficult internal experiences of life circumstances that do not deserve it at all.
Section: psychology tests with answers.
Self-assessment of mental states
(according to Eysenck)
Instructions : We offer you a description of various mental states. If this condition often occurs to you, 2 points are given; if this condition occurs only occasionally, then 1 point is given; if it does not suit you at all, 0 points are given.
I don't feel confident
I often blush over trifles
My sleep is restless
I get discouraged easily
I'm only worried about imaginary troubles
Difficulties scare me
I like to delve into my shortcomings
I'm easy to convince
I'm suspicious
I can hardly stand the waiting time
Often situations seem hopeless to me, from which it is still possible to find a way out
Troubles upset me greatly, I lose heart
When there are big troubles, I tend to blame myself without sufficient reason.
Misfortunes and failures teach me nothing.
I often give up the struggle, considering it fruitless.
I often feel defenseless.
Sometimes I get into a state of despair.
I feel confused in the face of difficulties.
IN difficult moments In life, sometimes I behave childishly, I want them to feel sorry for me.
I consider my character flaws to be incorrigible.
III
I reserve the last word.
Often in a conversation I interrupt my interlocutor.
I get angry easily.
I like to make comments to others.
I am not satisfied with little, I want the most.
When I get angry, I have trouble controlling myself.
I prefer to lead rather than obey.
I have sharp, rude gestures.
I'm vindictive.
I find it difficult to change habits.
It's not easy to switch attention.
I am very wary of everything new.
It's hard to convince me.
Often I can’t get out of my head a thought that I should get rid of.
It's not easy for me to get close to people.
Even minor disruptions to the plan upset me.
I am often stubborn.
I'm reluctant to take risks.
I am acutely aware of deviations from my daily routine.
Processing the results
Calculate the total points for each group of questions:
Question 1...10 - anxiety;
11...20 question - frustration;
Questions 21...29 - aggressiveness;
Question 31...40 - rigidity.
Scoring and interpretation of scores
I. Anxiety:
0-7 points - not anxious;
8-14 points - average anxiety, acceptable level;
15-20 points - very alarming.II. Frustration:
0-7 points - do not have high self-esteem, are resistant to failure, are not afraid of difficulties;
8-14 points - average level, frustration occurs;
15-20 points - you have low self-esteem, you avoid difficulties, are afraid of failure, and are frustrated.III. Aggressiveness:
0-7 points - you are calm, self-possessed;
8-14 points - average level of aggressiveness;
15-20 points - you are aggressive, lack self-control, have difficulties communicating and working with people.IV. Rigidity:
0-7 points – no rigidity, easy switchability,
8-14 points - average level;
15-20 points - very pronounced rigidity, unchanging behavior, beliefs, views, even if they diverge and do not correspond to the real situation and life. Changing jobs and changes in your personal life are contraindicated for you.
Sometimes plan and implement positive changes In our lives, we are hampered not so much by external circumstances as by our internal problems - uncertainty, anxiety, fear of changing at least something (what if it doesn’t work out?), unwillingness to leave our comfort zone, treating the world around us as a theater of military operations. Are you ready to move forward or are you not sure that in your current state you can make the right decision? This technique will help you assess the current state.
We offer you a description of various mental states. If this condition often occurs to you, 2 points are given; if this condition occurs only occasionally, then 1 point is given; if it does not suit you at all, 0 points are given.
Description of states (Eysenck)
- 3) My sleep is restless.
- 4) I get discouraged easily.
- 5) I worry about only imaginary troubles.
- 6) Difficulties scare me.
- 8) I am easy to convince.
- 9) I'm suspicious.
- 22) I often interrupt my interlocutor during a conversation.
- 23) I get angry easily.
- 25) I want to be an authority for others.
- 30) I am vindictive.
- 34) It’s difficult to convince me.
- 37) Even minor violations of the plan upset me.
- 39) I am reluctant to take risks.
Processing the results
Calculate the total points for each group of questions:
I. 1. 10 question - anxiety;
II. 11. 20 question - frustration;
III. 21. 29 question - aggressiveness;
IV. 31.40 question - rigidity.
0. 7 points - not worried;
8. 14 points - average anxiety, acceptable level;
15. 20 points - very alarming.
0. 7 points - do not have high self-esteem, are resistant to failure, are not afraid of difficulties;
8. 14 points - average level, frustration occurs;
15. 20 points - you have low self-esteem, you avoid difficulties, are afraid of failures, and are frustrated.
0. 7 points - you are calm, self-possessed;
8. 14 points - average level of aggressiveness;
15. 20 points - you are aggressive, lack self-control, have difficulties communicating and working with people.
0. 7 points - no rigidity, easy switchability,
8. 14 points - average level;
15. 20 points - very pronounced rigidity, unchanging behavior, beliefs, views, even if they diverge and do not correspond to the real situation and life. Changing jobs and changes in your personal life are contraindicated for you.
Self-assessment of mental states
Instructions: We offer you a description of various mental states. If this condition often occurs to you, 2 points are given; if this condition occurs only occasionally, then 1 point is given; if it does not suit you at all, 0 points are given.
- I
- I don't feel confident
- I often blush over trifles
- My sleep is restless
- I get discouraged easily
- I'm only worried about imaginary troubles
- Difficulties scare me
- I like to delve into my shortcomings
- I'm easy to convince
- I'm suspicious
- I can hardly stand the waiting time
Processing the results Calculate the sum of points for each group of questions: 1. 10 question - anxiety; 11. 20 question - frustration; 21. 29 question - aggressiveness; 31.40 question - rigidity.
Scoring and interpretation of scores
0-7 points - not anxious;
15-20 points - very alarming.
0-7 points - you do not have high self-esteem, are resistant to failure, are not afraid of difficulties;
8-14 points - average level, frustration occurs;
0-7 points - you are calm, self-possessed;
8-14 points - average level of aggressiveness;
15-20 points - you are aggressive, lack self-control, have difficulties communicating and working with people.
0-7 points – no rigidity, easy switchability,
8-14 points - average level;
15-20 points - very pronounced rigidity, unchanging behavior, beliefs, views, even if they diverge and do not correspond to the real situation and life. Changing jobs and changes in your personal life are contraindicated for you.
/ For 2nd year students / Eysenck - anxiety
TEST “SELF-ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL STATES” (according to EYSENCK)
We offer you a description of various mental states. If this condition often occurs to you, 2 points are given; if this condition occurs only occasionally, then 1 point is given; if it does not suit you at all, 0 points.
1) I don’t feel confident in myself.
2) I often blush over trifles.
3) My sleep is restless.
4) I get discouraged easily.
5) I worry about only imaginary troubles.
6) Difficulties scare me.
7) I like to delve into my shortcomings.
8) I am easy to convince.
10) I can hardly stand the waiting time.
11) Often situations seem hopeless to me, from which one can still find a way out.
12) Troubles upset me greatly, I lose heart.
13) When there are big troubles, I tend to blame myself without sufficient reason.
14) Misfortunes and failures teach me nothing.
15) I often give up struggle, considering it fruitless.
16) I often feel defenseless.
17) Sometimes I have a state of despair.
18) I feel confused in the face of difficulties.
19) In difficult moments of life, sometimes I behave childishly, I want people to feel sorry for me.
20) I consider my character flaws to be incorrigible.
21) I reserve the last word.
22) I often interrupt my interlocutor during conversations.
23) I get angry easily.
24) I like to make comments to others.
26) I am not satisfied with little, I want the most.
27) When I get angry, I can’t control myself well.
28) I prefer to lead rather than obey.
29) I have sharp, rude gestures.
31) It is difficult for me to change habits.
32) It is not easy to switch attention.
33) I am very wary of everything new.
34) It’s difficult to convince me.
35) Often I can’t get out of my head a thought that I should get rid of.
36) It’s not easy for me to get close to people.
37) Even minor violations of the plan upset me.
38) I often show stubbornness.
39) I am reluctant to take risks.
40) I am acutely worried about deviations from my accepted daily routine.
1) Calculate the sum of points for each group of questions:
I. 1. 10 question - anxiety;
II. 11. 20 question - frustration;
III. 21. 29 question - aggressiveness;
IV. 31.40 question - rigidity.
Scoring and interpretation of scores:
O. 7 - not anxious.
8. 14 points - average anxiety, acceptable level.
15. 20 points - very alarming.
A. 7 points - you do not have high self-esteem, are resistant to failure, are not afraid of difficulties;
8. 14 points - average level, frustration occurs;
15. 20 points - you have low self-esteem, you avoid difficulties, are afraid of failures, and are frustrated.
A. 7 points - you are calm, self-possessed;
8. 14 points - average level of aggressiveness;
5. 20 points - you are aggressive, lack self-control, have difficulties communicating and working with people.
O. 7 points - no rigidity, easy switchability,
8. 14 points - average level;
15. 20 points - very pronounced rigidity, unchanging behavior, beliefs, views, even if they diverge and do not correspond to the real situation and life. Changing jobs and changes in the family are contraindicated for you.
Self-assessment of Eysenck's mental states
The study was conducted on students of St. Petersburg IPiA. Students were invited from different courses, different ages and from different departments. They were invited through an announcement on the board and on the Internet.
The task was to invite a variety of students in order to confidently say that this training is suitable for all students of St. Petersburg IP&A
2 groups were taken: a test group of 12 people and a control group of 18 people - this is due to the fact that students go to the training without much desire, so a minimum number of people was taken, but the control group can be easily recruited, just test the students who did not undergo the training twice .
Two tests were carried out in each group with the same time interval, the first test before giving exercises to the test group and at the same time giving testing to the control group. Then I will conduct the second test after the training has been completely completed by the tested group. And also in two groups at the same time.
Research methods
E. Beck Depression Scale (E. Beck)
Depression (from the Latin deprimo - “to crush”, “to suppress”) is mental disorder, characterized by a “depressive triad”: decreased mood and loss of the ability to experience joy (anhedonia), disturbances in thinking (negative judgments, a pessimistic view of what is happening, etc.), motor retardation. With depression, self-esteem is reduced, and there is a loss of interest in life and usual activities. In some cases, a person suffering from it may begin to abuse alcohol or other psychotropic substances.
Scales: level of depression
The technique is intended to diagnose the level of depression.
0-4 points - no depression;
5-7 points - mild depression;
8-15 points - average level of depression;
A score of 16 or more indicates a high level of depression.
Appendix 5 depression
Self-assessment of mental states (G. Eysenck)
Scales: anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness, rigidity.
I 1. 10 question - anxiety;
II 11.20 question - frustration;
III 21. 29 question - aggressiveness;
IV 31. 40 question - rigidity.
Scoring and interpretation of scores.
Interpretation of test results
0-7 points - no anxiety;
8-14 points - average anxiety, acceptable level;
15-20 points - high anxiety.
0-7 points - you have high self-esteem, are resistant to failure, and are not afraid of difficulties;
15-20 points - you have low self-esteem, you avoid difficulties, are afraid of failures, and are frustrated.
The technique is intended for diagnosing such mental states as: anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness, rigidity.
A certain level of anxiety is natural and must-have feature active active personality. Each person has their own optimal, or desired, level of anxiety - this is the so-called useful anxiety. A person’s assessment of his condition in this regard is for him an essential component of self-control and self-education.
Individuals with high anxiety scores should develop a sense of confidence and success. They need to shift the emphasis from external demands, categoricalness, and high significance in setting tasks to meaningful comprehension of activities and specific planning by subtasks.
Test material in Appendix 7
Study of anxiety (C.D. Spielberger, adaptation by Yu.L. Khanin)
Scales: situational anxiety, trait anxiety:
up to 30 points - low, 31 - 44 points - moderate; 45 or more - high.
Purpose of the test: A certain level of anxiety is a natural and obligatory feature of an active personality. Each person has their own optimal, or desired, level of anxiety - this is the so-called useful anxiety. A person’s assessment of his condition in this regard is for him an essential component of self-control and self-education.
Personal anxiety is understood as a stable individual characteristic that reflects a subject’s predisposition to anxiety and presupposes his tendency to perceive a fairly wide range of situations as threatening, responding to each of them with a specific reaction. As a predisposition, personal anxiety is activated by the perception of certain stimuli that are regarded by a person as dangerous to self-esteem and self-esteem. Situational or reactive anxiety as a condition is characterized by subjectively experienced emotions: tension, anxiety, concern, nervousness. This condition occurs as an emotional reaction to a stressful situation and can vary in intensity and dynamics over time.
This questionnaire allows you to differentiate anxiety both as a personal trait and as a state.
Individuals classified as highly anxious tend to perceive a threat to their self-esteem and functioning in a wide range of situations and react with a very pronounced state of anxiety. If psychological test expresses a high level of personal anxiety in the subject, this gives reason to assume that he will develop a state of anxiety in a variety of situations, especially when they relate to the assessment of his competence and prestige.
For low-anxiety people, on the contrary, it is necessary to awaken activity, emphasize the motivational components of activity, arouse interest, and highlight a sense of responsibility in solving certain problems.
What does neuroticism mean in psychology? Eysenck test
Many, seeing a word unfamiliar to them in the title of this article, thought: “What is neuroticism?” So, this is a personal trait that is characterized by excessive excitability, a constant feeling of insecurity, as well as excessive emotionality.
Neuroticism in biology
The human brain and intestines produce a special substance - serotonin, which often called the “hormone of happiness”. Its amount affects mood. Excess serotonin causes a feeling of happiness and immense joy. And deficiency is a state of anxiety and depression. Thus, neuroticism is viewed from a biological point of view. But psychology can more clearly explain the parameters of this personality trait.
Neuroticism affects emotionally unstable people with a weak psyche, who are called “neurotics.” They are constantly excited, they are haunted by a feeling of anxiety and even fear. They are characterized by a tendency to develop phobias and may have inferiority complex, low self-esteem, guilt. The actions they commit may be completely inadequate and devoid of any meaning. Also, in addition to all this, many somatic complaints arise: insomnia, various digestive problems, headaches.
When a person is in difficult life situation and experiences difficulty in making various kinds of decisions, then he emotional sphere exposed to excessive stress. During such periods, the risk of stress increases. The neurotic's reaction to it is characterized by particular irritability, restlessness, high level anxiety. It lasts longer and is much more difficult than in people who have a different type of character. Also, neurotic people are more susceptible to stress, as they deeply experience the slightest trouble.
Causes
The main cause of neuroticism is dissatisfaction social needs. For example, the need to be heard and understood in society. If, instead of approval and acceptance, an individual receives condemnation, then there is a fear of expressing one’s opinion, self-esteem decreases, an inferiority complex appears. The person withdraws into himself. Worsening the situation, in turn, can lead to neuroticism.
There are times when excessive emotionality begins to have a detrimental effect on a person’s life. For example, those around him may refuse to communicate with such people, since being with them becomes unbearable, their behavior is repulsive. Then the neurotic needs treatment and help from a qualified psychologist or psychotherapist.
Many theories have been put forward about neuroticism. The most famous and significant of them were made by: Sigmund Freud, Hans Eysenck, Alfred Adler, Fritz Perls, Karen Horney. Hans Jurgen Eysenck is a British psychologist who is known to everyone not only as the creator of the IQ test, but also of the temperament type questionnaire.
Its original version was proposed in 1947, containing 40 statements and only one scale - “neuroticism”. 9 years later, the technique was slightly improved, Eysenck added 8 more statements. The next stage of creating the test was completed in 1963. The survey already consisted of 57 points, 9 of which were aimed at identifying lies and a person’s desire to “embellish reality.” After 6 years, another version of the test was proposed, for which another scale was added as a diagnosis - “psychoticism”. The test contained 101 questions. Currently latest version is not in demand, since the results are often false.
In his two-factor personality model theory, Eysenck applied extraversion, introversion, neuroticism, psychoticism.
- Extraversion is expressed in the fact that a person is more inclined to communicate and interact with people and the world around him. He is not afraid to take risks, can succumb to impulse, is quite optimistic and is not used to giving up before the desired goal.
- Introversion, on the contrary, presupposes unsociability, fear outside world, thoughtfulness when making decisions, calmness. An introvert is characterized by pessimism, restraining feelings of emotions, and balance. When in contact with strangers, he experiences some fear and uncertainty, but with loved ones he is quite open.
- Neuroticism shows a person’s ability to regulate his mental state, the level of anxiety, emotional instability, and self-doubt. People with high levels of neuroticism are characterized by suspiciousness, excessive sensitivity and easy excitability. According to Eysenck's definition, this indicates that the activation of the limbic system is reduced. A increased level extraversion and introversion - reticular formation.
- Psychotism speaks of the severity of those conditions in which the presence and manifestation of psychosis is possible.
Neuroticism correlates with vegetative nervous system , divided into two sections: sympathetic, parasympathetic. Sympathetic activates human body during periods of depression or stressful situation As a result, the pupils dilate, sweating increases, and heartbeat intensifies. The parasympathetic, in turn, returns the body to normal state. According to Eysenck's theory, differences in emotionality are explained by different levels sensitivity of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems.
Determining the type of temperament using a test
According to Eysenck's method also It is possible to determine your type of temperament:
With the help of psychology, a person is able to unravel the secrets of the most secret depths of his soul. Understand what causes this or that condition, and most importantly, find out treatment methods, help your loved ones or yourself. Eysenck test for determination of temperament type can also be useful in order to determine the qualities of your character and understand your inner world. Psychology is most interesting science, which can help a person in various difficult life situations.
"HOW OUR BRAIN WORKS"
Mental conditions- one of the possible modes of human life, distinguished at the physiological level by certain energy characteristics, and at the psychological level - by a system of psychological filters that provide a specific perception of the surrounding world
The difficulty in classifying mental states is that they often overlap or even coincide with each other so closely that it is quite difficult to “separate” them - for example, a state of some tension often appears against the background of states of fatigue, monotony, aggression and a number of other states. However, there are many options for their classifications. Most often they are divided into emotional, cognitive, motivational, and volitional. Summarizing the current characteristics of the functioning of the main integrators of the psyche (personality, intellect, consciousness), the terms state of personality, state of intellect, state of consciousness are used. Other classes of conditions have been described and continue to be studied: functional, psychophysiological, asthenic, borderline, crisis, hypnotic and other conditions. Based on the approaches to the diversity of mental states proposed by N.D. Levitov, we propose our own classification of mental states, consisting of seven constant and one situational component (Fig. 14.1). The principle of dividing states into certain categories is explained below in Table. 14.2.
More details about mental states in progress labor activity you can read HERE .
If you have an important and responsible task ahead (exam, public speaking, date, etc.), and you are afraid that you will worry and will not be able to express yourself with the best side- then the NLP “anchoring” technique will definitely help you. You can see a description of this technique HERE.
If, on the contrary, you need to relax and not be nervous in vain, then you can use autogenic training techniques (HERE).
Reducing anxiety during sudden stress and restoring mental balance with deep breathing - HERE
Main areas of work with orphans and children without parental care.
In college as of 01/01/2015. There are only 29 orphans studying: 13 vocational education students and 13 non-vocational education students; 15 are adults and 14 are minors.
Work with orphans and children left without parental care is carried out in the following areas:
2. psychocorrection and developmental work;
3. psychological counseling;
4. psychological education;
Over the last period (from 09/01/2014 to 01/01/2015) the following was carried out:
— adaptation to new learning conditions;
Diagnosis of character accentuations according to Shmishek;
— diagnostics of personality characteristics;
— methods of learning motivation;
— testing according to Eysenck “Determination of temperament”;
— determination of the level of conflict;
— methodology for diagnosing self-esteem;
- self-esteem psychological states(Eysenck).
“How to manage emotions”;
“Train self-confidence”;
"Conflict. How to avoid it";
III . Individual and group counseling: regarding training issues, healthy image life, about the dangers of alcohol, drugs, tobacco, about personal problems, about relationships with adults.
Training “Communication”.
“The impact of stress on health”;
“Optimal strategy for behavior under stress”;
“Emotional self-expression as a way to regulate stress”;
"Positive attitude as a way to regulate stress"
"Relaxation as a way to regulate stress."
Work with guardians (from 09/01/2014 to 01/01/2015).
— acquaintance with the guardians of newly arrived students (September,
— individual conversations with each of the guardians (September, October);
- college-wide Parent meeting(11.10.2004);
— meeting of orphans on issues of state financing of children -
orphans in college for 2014-2015 academic year(november);
— meeting of graduates of orphans on issues of payment of benefits for