The pride of Russia is Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov. Kalashnikov, Mikhail Timofeevich Assignment of doctoral degree

The pride of Russia is Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov.

Dmitrieva N.L., teacher of Russian language and literature. MCOU "Yeltsovskaya Secondary School".

There are many famous names in Russian history. M.T. Kalashnikov is a name that belongs to history.

In terms of its fame, it rightly ranks one

from the first places

among the outstanding names of the 20th century.

(1919 - 2013)

Future designer born into an ordinary peasant family. He was the 17th child. In 1930, when Mikhail’s father was recognized as a kulak, the Kalashnikovs were exiled to the Tomsk region. Even as a child, young Kalashnikov was interested in technology, exploring the structure of various mechanisms. In addition, he was interested in geometry and physics. It is worth noting that the teachers of the future designer were exiled political settlers, most of whom had a university education. At the end of the 7th grade, Mikhail decided to return to Altai. Already in his native Kurye, he begins to get acquainted with the design of weapons, having personally disassembled a Browning pistol. At the age of 18, Mikhail leaves his native village and moves to Kazakhstan. Here he became an accountant at the railway depot.

Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Alexandrovich (1883-1930).

Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).

1938 - Kalashnikov is drafted into the army. Here he becomes a tank driver. Mikhail Kalashnikov served in the 12th tank division, which was located in Stryi (Ukraine).

Even then he showed his design abilities, developing a shot counter from tank gun, tank service life meter, adaptation to the TT pistol. Kalashnikov gave a report on his inventions to General Georgy Zhukov. Later, the designer noted that if it had not been for the war, he might not have become an inventor.

The first Kalashnikov submachine gun.

1941 - Kalashnikov, with the rank of senior sergeant, becomes a tank commander. But soon he was seriously wounded. While in the hospital, I decided to create own sample automatic weapons. Making sketches and drawings, Mikhail Timofeevich analyzed his own impressions and opinions of his comrades in arms, as well as information from books in the local library.

In 1945, M. T. Kalashnikov took part in a competition to develop an assault rifle chambered for the 1943 model. Based on the results of competitive tests in 1947, the AK-47 assault rifle was recommended for adoption Soviet army. In 1948, the young designer was sent to the Izhevsk Motor Plant, where a pilot batch of an assault rifle was being manufactured for military testing. In September 1949, he moved to the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant for serial production AK-47 assault rifle.

Tankers

He is a member of the Russian Writers' Union.

Let's sing about heroism and strength,

About the tanks of the Soviet country,

As a child, Mikhail dreamed of becoming a poet. His pre-war poems were published in the newspaper "Red Army".

They were bravely led into battle

Sons of the Great Fatherland.

One of the first poems by Mikhail Kalashnikov.

Enemies have experienced

In 1940 it won the creative competition young army writers.

The assertiveness of our armor,

It became an epic folk tale

Have wonderful days of hiking.

We walked through fog and ambushes,

And the armor thundered menacingly.

Swept away enemies without mercy

A mighty avalanche of fire.

No wonder everything is louder and more beautiful

Great Free People

Sings about our drivers,

He sings about Soviet tanks.

Legendary Russian gunsmith Mikhail Kalashnikov says that all his life he has been inventing weapons for protection, not for killing: “I sleep peacefully because I have always created weapons for protection. It is the politicians who cannot agree and use them for murder.”

The museum has Mikhail Timofeevich's apartment.

Reconstructed workplace Kalashnikov.

In 2004, the Museum and Exhibition Complex named after. M.T. Kalashnikov in the city of Izhevsk.

In 1980, in the designer’s native village, a bronze monument with the inscription on the pedestal:

"Hero

Socialist Labor KALASHNIKOV MIKHAIL TIMOFEEVICH

for outstanding services

in building new technology by decree of the Presidium Supreme Council On January 15, 1976, the USSR was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal “Hammer and Sickle.”

November 15, 2013 in the village of Kurya Altai Territory The opening of the Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov Museum took place, dedicated to his 94th birthday.

The museum is located in the building of the parish school, where Mikhail Kalashnikov once studied. The builders preserved the historical appearance of the building, carved frames on the windows, and ancient stoves.

The museum exhibition consists of 3 main sections introducing visitors to different periods the life of an outstanding weapons designer.

Chapter " Guy from Altai" dedicated to the period of life of Mikhail Kalashnikov in the village of Kurye in Altai. The museum's exposition creates an image of Kurya in the first third of the twentieth century; copies of archival documents tell about the life of the family.

"Automatic Man"– the name of the second section of the exhibition, which traces the life path of Mikhail Timofeevich: military service, participation in the battles of the Great Patriotic War, creation of an assault rifle, development of the complex small arms.

This section of the exhibition ends with an arsenal - a set of small arms developed by Mikhail Kalashnikov.

Model of the MMG AK 74 assault rifle - a gift to the museum

from M.T. Kalashnikov.

The third section of the exhibition "Legendary person" shows Mikhail Timofeevich not only as a world-famous outstanding designer of small arms, but also as a person whose name is associated with endless love for the Motherland, with the desire to ensure its security.

Interesting Facts

In some African countries newborns are given the name Kalash - in honor of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.

U former president Saddam Hussein's Iraq had a gold-plated AK of a modified design.

In 2008, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued coins with the image of a Kalashnikov assault rifle in honor of the 450th anniversary of Udmurtia joining Russia.

The Kalashnikov assault rifle is used in the coats of arms and flags of some countries:

Flag of Mozambique

Coat of arms of Mozambique

Coat of arms of Zimbabwe

Coat of arms of Burkina Faso

in 1984-1997

"My heartache unbearable, one and the same insoluble question: since my machine gun took people’s lives, then I, Mikhailo Kalashnikov, ninety-three years old, the son of a peasant woman, a Christian and Orthodox by faith, am guilty of the death of people, even the enemy?

“Yes, the number of churches and monasteries on our land is increasing, but evil still does not decrease!.. Good and evil live, coexist, fight and, worst of all, reconcile with each other in the souls of people - this is what I came to at sunset of your earthly life. It turns out to be some kind of perpetual motion machine, which I so wanted to invent in my youth. Light and shadow, good and evil - two opposites of one whole, unable to exist without each other? And did the Almighty really arrange everything this way? And will humanity vegetate forever in this ratio?”

Mikhail Timofeevich wrote a letter of repentance to Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus' six months before his death.

In it, he shares his mental anguish and doubts about responsibility for the deaths of many people who were killed with a machine gun created by his hands.

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov

Buried at Federal Military

memorial cemetery.

Class hour: “Mikhail Kalashnikov - a symbol of Russian technical thought”

Goals and objectives:

1) Fostering a sense of patriotism.

2) Talk about the legendary man M. Kalashnikov, a symbol of Russian technical thought.

3) Study the biography and career path of M. Kalashnikov.

4) Foster pride in M. Kalashnikov’s inventions.

5) To instill in students the desire to acquire deep knowledge and high moral qualities in the process of studying life path M.T.Kalashnikov.

Research methods

Working with information on the Internet, literary sources, periodicals, analysis, systematization, generalization.

Keywords:

M. Kalashnikov, AK-47 assault rifle, heroism, love for the Motherland, .

Expected results

Active interest of students in military weapons as a means of protection against any invaders.

The positive influence of educational information, instilling patriotism and interest in military professions.

Teaching techniques research work with books, magazines, newspapers; using the Internet to obtain new knowledge, developing library skills.

Acquiring communication skills.

Speech development and vocabulary enrichment.

The historic handshake did not take place

It has become a tradition for us classroom hours talk about your country, its traditions, outstanding people who bring glory to their state, about people of world renown, about Russia - our glorious state. This academic year Students of our school are celebrating under the motto “70th anniversary of Victory in the Second World War.” My class and I took part in many school-wide events: visiting veterans at home, cleaning the graves of WWII soldiers from different countries at the Lublin City Cemetery, at meetings with veterans during class hours, held literary and musical evenings, concerts, sport games, dedicated to the great Victory, debates, round tables and other events that gave us the opportunity to feel the spirit and pride of the Soviet people, who won such an important victory over fascism 70 years ago. Today we will talk about one person whose achievement, if not the whole world, then almost the whole world knows about. This man's name is Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov. What did he do? And he made a machine gun. Military weapons. The machine gun is now in service in more than 100 countries around the world. And it was originally called AK-49. Mikhail Timofeevich said: “Whoever creates a machine better than mine, I will be the first to shake his hand.” Our outstanding gunsmith is no longer alive today, but the handshake never took place. Nobody before today failed to come up with a weapon that was simpler, more reliable, and cheaper than the Kalashnikov assault rifle to protect his state from uninvited enemies.

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Biography
• 2 Family
• 3 Contribution to weapons development
  • 3.1 Automata
  • 3.2 Machine guns
  • 3.3 Hunting rifles
• 4 Recognition and awards
  • 4.1 Orders
  • 4.2 Medals
  • 4.3 Awards
  • 4.4 Acknowledgments
  • 4.5 Certificates
  • 4.6 Other honors
• 5 Bibliography
Notes

Introduction

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov(born November 10, 1919, Kurya, Altai province) - an outstanding designer of small arms in the USSR and Russia, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1971), Lieutenant General (1999).

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes, Hero Russian Federation, holder of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, member of the Writers' Union of Russia. Member of the CPSU since 1952, deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR (1950-1954).

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov is the only person, awarded the title of Hero of Russia and twice the title of Hero of Socialist Labor at the same time.

1. Biography

Born in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. He was the seventeenth child in a large peasant family, in which nineteen children were born and eight survived.

In 1930, the family of his father, Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, recognized as a kulak, was exiled from the Altai Territory to the Tomsk region, the village of Nizhnyaya Mokhovaya. From childhood he was interested in technology, studying with interest the structure and principles of operation of various mechanisms. At school I was interested in physics, geometry and literature. After finishing the seventh grade, with the permission of his parents, he returned to Altai, to Kurya, but was unable to get a job. After studying there for another year, he decided to return to his mother and stepfather in Siberia, where, having corrected the date of birth in the documents, he received a passport. A few months later, after returning to Kurya again, he became acquainted with the design of a weapon for the first time, disassembling a Browning pistol with his own hands. At the age of 18, he left his native village and moved to Kazakhstan, where he began working as an accountant at the depot of the Matai Turkestan-Sibirskaya station. railway. Communication with machinists, turners, and depot mechanics strengthened Mikhail’s interest in technology and aroused the desire to do something himself.

In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in a tank regiment in Stryi (Western Ukraine). Already there he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank cannon, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a counter for the service life of a tank. The last invention was quite significant, as evidenced by the fact that Kalashnikov was summoned to report about it to the commander of the Kyiv Special Military District, Army General Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. After a conversation with the commander, it is sent to the Kiev Tank Technical School for the production of prototypes, and after completion of the tests, to Moscow for comparative tests and then to the Leningrad Voroshilov Plant, for modification and launch into series.

Great Patriotic War began in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, and in October near Bryansk he was seriously wounded. In the hospital, I really got excited about the idea of ​​​​creating my own model of automatic weapons. He began to make sketches and drawings, comparing and analyzing his own impressions of the battles, the opinions of his comrades in arms, and the contents of the books in the hospital library. The advice of one paratrooper lieutenant, who had worked at some research institute before the war and was well aware of small arms systems and the history of their creation, was also useful.

The first Kalashnikov submachine gun.

At the direction of the doctors, he was sent for further treatment on a six-month leave. Returning to Matai, with the help of specialists, the depot was created three months later prototype his first model of a submachine gun. From Matai he was sent to Alma-Ata, where he produced a more advanced model in the training workshops of the Moscow Aviation Institute, which was evacuated to the capital of Kazakhstan. Later, the sample was presented to the head of the Military Engineering Academy named after. F. E. Dzerzhinsky to A. A. Blagonravov - an outstanding scientist in the field of small arms.

Although Blagonravov's review was generally negative, he noted the originality and interestingness of the development and recommended that Senior Sergeant Kalashnikov be sent for further training. Later, the Kalashnikov submachine gun was presented to the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. Noting some shortcomings and a generally successful design, GAU specialists did not recommend adopting the Kalashnikov SMG for service for technological reasons. The conclusion read:

Since 1942, Kalashnikov has been working at the Central Research Site small arms(NIPSMVO) Chief Artillery Directorate Red Army. Here, in 1944, he created a prototype of a self-loading carbine, which, although it did not go into production, partially served as a prototype for the creation of an assault rifle. Since 1945, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov began developing automatic weapons chambered for the 7.62×39 intermediate cartridge of the 1943 model. The Kalashnikov assault rifle won the 1947 competition and was adopted for service. During development, he meets his future wife, Ekaterina Moiseeva, a draftsman at the Degtyarev Design Bureau.

In 1948, on the orders of the Chief Marshal of Artillery N.N. Voronov, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was sent to the Izhevsk Motor Plant for his author’s participation in the creation of technical documentation and organization of the production of the first experimental batch of his AK-47 assault rifle. By May 20, 1949, the task was completed: 1,500 machine guns manufactured at the Motozavod successfully passed military tests and were adopted by the Soviet Army.

Subsequently, at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant, on the basis of the AK47 design, under the personal supervision of Kalashnikov, dozens of prototypes of automatic small arms were developed, but Kalashnikov himself, due to frequent visits to the shooting range and range shooting, received hearing impairment, which could not be restored later even with the help of modern medicine.

In 1971, according to the totality of research- design work and inventions, Kalashnikov was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. He is an academician of 16 different Russian and foreign academies.

In 1989, Mikhail Timofeevich decided to meet with Eugene Stoner, the creator of the main competitor of the AK, the M16 assault rifle. In the USA, Kalashnikov was greeted like a movie star, even though almost no one in the world knew his face. In 1969, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded military rank colonel, in 1994 the military rank of major general, in 1999 the military rank of lieutenant general.

In an interview with the weekly A New Look"(2011) Nikas Safronov noted:

2. Family

Family of M. T. Kalashnikov:

• Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Alexandrovich (1883-1930).
• Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).
• Wife - Kalashnikova Ekaterina Viktorovna (1921-1977) - design technician by profession.
  • Son - Victor (1942).
  • Daughters: Nellie (1942), Elena (1948) and the tragically deceased Natalya (1953-1983).

3. Contribution to weapons development

Designer Mikhail Kalashnikov (1949)

3.1. Slot machines

In the early 50s of the 20th century, lightweight AK and AKN assault rifles with a night vision device (7.62 mm) were created. In 1959, the AK 7.62 mm, AKM (modernized Kalashnikov Avtomat), AKMS, AKMSU with a folding stock and their modifications: AKMN, AKMSN with a night vision sight (7.62 mm) were adopted.

In the 70s, production began of a new set of 5.45 mm weapons designed by Kalashnikov: AK-74, AK74N with a night vision sight, AK-74 with a grenade launcher, AKS74 with a folding stock (adopted for service in 1974), AKS74U shortened with folding stock developed on the basis of the AKS74 (adopted into service in 1979), and its modifications with a night sight AKS74UN, AKS74UB with a device silent shooting(PBS) and silent underbarrel grenade launcher. In 1991 it was adopted into service and mass production AK74M 5.45 mm caliber and its modifications with optical and night sights (AK74MP, AK74MN). All Kalashnikov assault rifles can be equipped with knife bayonets, PBS and under-barrel grenade launchers.

In the 90s, the development of the new “hundredth” series of Kalashnikov assault rifles for the most common cartridges in the world (7.62x39 mm, 5.56x45 mm NATO, and Russian 5.45x39 mm) developed on the basis of the AK was carried out -74M: AK-101 (5.56 mm), AK-102 (5.56 mm), AK-103 (7.62 mm), AK-104 (7.62 mm), AK-105 (5.45 mm), as well as completely new AK-107 (5.45 mm) and AK-108 (5.56 mm), designed with a balanced automatic system, developed on the basis of the AK-74M and AK-101, respectively.

3.2. Machine guns

Since the mid-50s, development of machine guns was also carried out: in 1959 it was put into service light machine gun Kalashnikov(RPK), in 1963 - RPKS with a folding stock and with a night vision sight, later - RPK74 and RPKS74.

Also in service are Kalashnikov machine guns- PK (1961), PKS (1961), PKM (1969) PKMS - in the easel version, adopted for service in 1969, in 1962 the Kalashnikov tank machine gun (PKT) 7.62 mm was adopted for service - a tank machine gun and its modernized modification of PKMT, as well as armored personnel carrier machine gun PKB (7.62 mm) and PKMB.

In the 70s, production of a new set of weapons was launched: RPK74 (created on the basis of the AK74), RPKS74 with a folding stock, RPK74M and modifications with a night sight RPK74N. Mastering 5.45 mm weapons turned out to be labor-intensive and difficult to technologically matter, however, mass production was established.

3.3. Hunting rifles

In the 70s, the first industrial batch of self-loading hunting carbines based on AKs was manufactured, but only with the start of conversion in the 80s did they return to the development of rifled and smoothbore hunting weapons based on AK.

In 1992, production of the Saiga self-loading hunting carbine with optical sight(7.62mm), then the Saiga 5.6, Saiga 5.6C carbines chambered for the 5.6x39 hunting cartridge, as well as Saiga-410, Saiga-20 and others were developed.

4. Recognition and awards

Lifetime monument to Mikhail Kalashnikov in Izhevsk.
Sculptor Vladimir Kurochkin

4.1. Orders

• 1949 - Order of the Red Star
• 1957 - Order of the Red Banner of Labor
• 1958, 1969, 1976 - Order of Lenin (three times)
• 1974 - Order of the October Revolution
• 1982 - Order of Friendship of Peoples
• 1985 - Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree
• 1994 - Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree - for outstanding achievements in the field of creating automatic small arms and significant contribution to the defense of the Fatherland
• 1998 - Order of St. Andrew the First-Called - behind outstanding contribution for the defense of the Fatherland
• 1999 - Order of Honor, (Belarus) - for outstanding services in the development of unique types of small arms, great personal contribution to strengthening the defense potential of the Union of Belarus and Russia and in connection with the 80th anniversary
• 2003 - Order of Dostyk, 1st degree (Kazakhstan)
• 2004 - Order of Military Merit - for his great personal contribution to the development of new types of weapons and strengthening the country's defense capability
• 2005 - Order of the Ruby Cross (International charitable foundation"Patrons of the Century").
• 2006 - Order of the Star of Carabobo (Venezuela)
• 2007 - Order of the Holy Blessed Grand Duke Dimitry Donskoy, II degree (ROC)
• 2009 - Order of Merit for the Altai Territory, 1st degree.

4.2. Medals

• 2009 - Gold Star Medal
• 1958, 1976 - Hammer and Sickle Medal (twice)
• Medal "For victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
• Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
• Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
• Jubilee medal "Thirty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
• Jubilee medal "Forty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
• Jubilee medal "50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
• Zhukov Medal
• Medal "For Excellence in Security state border THE USSR"
• Medal "Veteran of Labor" on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
• Jubilee medal "30 years of the Soviet Army and Navy"
• Anniversary medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
• Anniversary medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
• Anniversary medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
• Jubilee medal "70 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
• Medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow"
• 2007 - Medal “Symbol of Science”
• Gold medal named after V. G. Shukhov
• Medal "For outstanding contribution to the development of collecting business in Russia"

4.3. Awards

• 1948 - Stalin Prize
• 1949 - Stalin Prize
• 1964 - Lenin Prize
• 1997 - State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of design
• 2003 - Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education
• 2009 - Laureate of the All-Russian Literary Prize named after A.V. Suvorov.

4.4. Acknowledgments

• 1997 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
• 1999 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
• 2002 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
• 2007 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation

4.5. Certificates

• 1997 - Certificate of Honor from the Government of the Russian Federation
• 1999 - Certificate of Honor from the Government of the Russian Federation
• 2004 - “Honorary Engineer of Kazakhstan” (Kazakhstan)

4.6. Other honors

• 1980 - in the homeland of M. T. Kalashnikov in the village of Kurye, a lifetime bronze bust was erected to him.
• 1997 - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the Altai Territory.”
• 1997 - the award of the Ministry of Economy of Russia was established - the Badge “Small Arms Designer M. T. Kalashnikov”
• 1999 - Union of Scientific and engineering organizations and the Government of Udmurtia established the M. T. Kalashnikov Prize
• 1999 - the Alrosa diamond company assigned the name “Constructor Mikhail Kalashnikov” to a jewelry diamond weighing 50.74 carats mined on December 29, 1995 (size 14.5x15.0x15.5 mm, Stones Black quality)
• 2002 - The cadet school in Votkinsk was named after M. T. Kalashnikov
• 2002 - a prize named after him was established at the School of Weaponry in Izhevsk
• 2004 - opened in Izhevsk Government agency culture "Museum of M. T. Kalashnikov"
• 2009 - Mikhail Kalashnikov received as a gift from President Hugo Chavez the highest award of the republic - a copy of the famous Simon Bolivar sword, which is a relic of Venezuela and the presentation of a copy is equivalent to the country's highest award.
• The name of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded to the audience at military department Mining Institute of St. Petersburg.

5. Bibliography

• Kalashnikov M.T. Notes of a gunsmith designer. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1992. - 304 p. - ISBN 5-203-01290-3
• Kalashnikov M.T. From someone else's threshold to the Spassky Gate / author. literature Records of Nemchenko G. L.; total ed. Nedelin A.V. - M.: Military Parade, 1997. - 496 p.
• Kalashnikov M.T. I walked the same road with you: Memoirs. / ed. advice: I. Krasnovsky [and others]. - M.: House “All Russia”, 1999. - 239 p.
• Kalashnikov M.T. Kalashnikov: trajectory of fate / comp., prepared. Texts, ill. N. Shklyaeva. - M.: House “All Russia”, 2004. - P. 639.
• Kalashnikov M.T. In the whirlwind of my life. - 2008.
• Kalashnikov M.T. Everything you need is simple. - 2009.

Notes

1. Kalashnikov on the website biograph.ru - www.biograph.ru/bank/kalashnikov.htm
2. 1 2 Gennady KASHUBA With the blessing of Georgy ZHUKOV - www.redstar.ru/2009/11/03_11/1_13.html. Red Star (11/3/2009).
3. Fedorov V. G. The evolution of small arms - agronka.ru/. - M.: State Military Publishing House of the Narkozhat of Defense of the USSR, 1938. - 317 p.
4. A. A. Buldakova Life and work of the designer - www.slaviza.ru/texts/100-103.pdf (pdf). almanac “Business Glory of Russia”. Publishing house "Slavitsa".
5. 1 2 3 Rasim Poloskin Kalashnikov. Man and Automaton - www.1tv.ru/documentary/fi=6287&fd=201008131050#. Channel One (2009). - documentary.
6. Georgy Alexandrov Mikhail Kalashnikov: “Everything you need is simple” - www.aif.ru/society/article/30717. AIF No. 46 dated November 11, 09. 1997–2009 JSC “Arguments and Facts” (11/10/2009).
7. The distinguished guests shot at Kalashnikovs - www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=230252
8. 80th anniversary of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov - www.sinopa.ee/kalashnikov/knovosti/knovosti2000/knovosti01/k0100n.htm
9. Publishing House "New Look" » Nikas Safronov: Times do not choose: - www.newlookmedia.ru/?p=14537
10. Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich - megasword.ru/index.php?pg=1010
11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 EAT. Ushakova“I work according to my calling” Documents of the CDNI Udmurt Republic to the biography of M.T. Kalashnikov - www.rusarchives.ru/publication/kalashnikov.shtml. scientific and practical journal "Domestic Archives" No. 1. "Archives of Russia" (2004).
12. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 30, 1982
13. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 5, 1994 No. 2061 “On awarding the Order of Merit to the Fatherland, II degree, to M. T. Kalashnikov.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=081941
14. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 7, 1998 No. 1202 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called Kalashnikov M. T.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=073529
15. Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus of November 24, 1999 No. 688 - press.bymedia.net/?mod=p_ind&NPID=45&No=281&Date=11/25/1999
16. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 2, 2004 No. 1389 “On awarding the Order of Military Merit to M. T. Kalashnikov.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=024791
17. TO public award- Sincerely! - www.mecenat100.ru/category.php?id=351
18. His Holiness Patriarch Alexy performed Divine Liturgy in the restored St. Michael's Cathedral in Izhevsk - www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/276886.html
19. Mikhail Kalashnikov will receive the Order of Merit for the Altai Territory - www.udmpravda.ru/default/news?news=1237819716
20. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 10, 2009 No. 1258 “On awarding the title of Hero of the Russian Federation to M. T. Kalashnikov.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=055281
21. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 16, 1976
22. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 25, 1975
23. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 12, 1985
24. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 9, 1994
25. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 7, 1993
26. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 13, 1950
27. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of January 31, 1980
28. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 22, 1948
29. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 18, 1957
30. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 26, 1967
31. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 28, 1978
32. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 24, 1988
33. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1947
34. Medal “For outstanding contribution to the development of collecting in Russia” - www.simvolika.org/nagradi005.htm. ROO "Academy of Russian Symbols "Mars"". - Official site.
35. Regulations on the competition for the Gold Medal named after V.G. Shukhova. Information about the Laureates. - www.rusea.h11.ru/1.html. Russian Union scientific and engineering public associations (1990).
36. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 6, 1998 No. 657 - en.wikisource.org/wiki/ru: Decree_of the President_of the Russian Federation_dated_6.06.1998_No_657
37. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1178 of October 5, 2003 - ns.informika.ru/text/new/ukaz1178.html
38. Suvorov award to a fellow countryman - pravdapskov.ru/news/1709.html
39. Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated October 30, 1997 No. 445-rp “On encouraging Kalashnikov M.T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/848/423868.html
40. Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 3, 1999 No. 420-rp “On encouraging Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/848/423684.html
41. Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 21, 2002 561-rp “On encouraging Kalashnikov M.T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/846/422527.html
42. Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated September 1, 2007 No. 473-rp - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=41360
43. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 15, 1997 No. 1479-r “On awarding the Certificate of Honor of the Government of the Russian Federation and a memorable gift to Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/811/405268.html
44. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 10, 1999 No. 1826-r “On awarding the Certificate of Honor of the Government of the Russian Federation to Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/804/401972.html
45. Kalashnikov became an honorary engineer of Kazakhstan - www.dayudm.ru/lenta.php?id=9640
46. Hugo Chavez gave Kalashnikov the highest award of Venezuela - news.km.ru/ugo_chaves_peredal_kalashnikovu_

Slide 1

Great designer of the USSR and Russia

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov

Created by the Life Safety and Health Teacher of the MKOU Zherlyk Secondary School No. 20 Zyryanov Alexander Sergeevich 2013

Slide 2

Dossier Biography Childhood War time Great Patriotic War First sample of an assault rifle Beginning of the creation of the AKM Adoption of the AKM into service Production of the AK 74 Award of a doctorate Professional growth Last years life Weapon modifications

Slide 3

Full name: Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich. Date of Birth: November 10, 1919. Place of birth: s. Kurya, Altai province, RSFSR. Date of death: December 23, 2013 (94 years old).

Type of troops: Armed forces RF. Years of service: 1938-2013 Rank: Lieutenant General Battle: Great Patriotic War

Slide 4

Biography

Born in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. He was the seventeenth child in a large peasant family, in which eighteen children were born and eight survived.

Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Alexandrovich (1883-1930). Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).

Slide 5

Childhood

In 1930, the family of Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, recognized as a kulak, was exiled from the Altai Territory to the Tomsk region, the village of Nizhnyaya Makhovaya. Since childhood, Mikhail Timofeevich was interested in technology, studying with interest the structure and operating principles of various mechanisms. At school I was interested in physics, geometry and literature.

Slide 6

War time

In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in the 12th Tank Division in Stryi (Western Ukraine).

Already there he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank cannon, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a counter for the service life of a tank.

Slide 7

The Great Patriotic War

He began the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, and in October he was seriously wounded near Bryansk. In the hospital, I really got excited about the idea of ​​​​creating my own model of automatic weapons.

He began to make sketches and drawings, comparing and analyzing his own impressions of the battles, the opinions of his comrades in arms, and the contents of the books in the hospital library.

Slide 8

The first example of a machine gun

In 1941, Mikhail Timofeevich created the first sample of a submachine gun

In 1944, he created a prototype of a self-loading carbine, which partially served as a prototype for the creation of an assault rifle.

Slide 9

The beginning of the creation of AKM

Since 1945, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov began developing automatic 7.62 mm weapons

Slide 11

Production of AK 74

By May 20, 1949, 1,500 machine guns manufactured at the Motozavod had been produced, successfully passed military tests and were adopted by the Soviet Army.

In the same year, the creator of the machine was awarded Stalin Prize first degree and Order of the Red Star

Slide 12

Awarding a doctorate

In 1971, based on the totality of research and development work and inventions, Kalashnikov was awarded academic degree Doctor of Technical Sciences. He is an academician of 16 different Russian and foreign academies. Has 35 copyright certificates for inventions.

Slide 13

Professional growth

In 1969, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded the military rank of colonel; In 1994, the military rank of major general; In 1999, the military rank of lieutenant general.

Slide 14

last years of life

In 2012, Mikhail Timofeevich’s health began to deteriorate due to his advanced age. In December he was hospitalized at the Republican Clinical Diagnostic Center (RCDC) of Udmurtia for a routine examination. By the beginning of the summer of 2013, the designer’s condition worsened again. In Moscow, Mikhail Timofeevich was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov died on December 23, 2013. Shortly before his death, he was transferred to intensive care with a diagnosis of stomach bleeding.

Mikhail Timofeevich was buried at the Federal War Memorial Cemetery.

Slide 15

Created weapons Assault rifles Machine guns Carbines

AK AKN AKM AKMS AKMSU AKMN AKMSN AKS74UN AKS74UB AK-101 (5.56 mm) AK-102 (5.56 mm) AK-103 (7.62 mm) AK-104 (7.62 mm) AK-105 (5 .45 mm)

RPK RPKS RPK74 RPKS74 PK (1961) PKS (1961) PKM (1969) PKMS PKT PKB (7.62 mm) PKMB RPK74 RPKS74

“Saiga” with an optical sight (7.62 mm) “Saiga 5.6” “Saiga 5.6C” “Saiga-410” “Saiga-20”

Born on November 10, 1919 in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. Since childhood, he was interested in technology and studied with interest the structure and operating principles of various mechanisms. At the age of 18, he left his native village and moved to Kazakhstan, where he began working as an accountant at the depot of the Matai station of the Turkestan-Siberian Railway. Communication with machinists, turners, and depot mechanics strengthened Mikhail’s interest in technology and aroused the desire to do something himself.

In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in a tank regiment in Stryi (Western Ukraine). Already there he showed his inventive abilities and developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank cannon, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a tank life counter.

The last invention was quite significant. The last invention was quite significant, as evidenced by the fact that Kalashnikov was summoned to report about it to the commander of the Kyiv Special Military District and received his first award - a personalized watch from the commander, Army General G.K. Zhukova. After a conversation with the commander, it is sent to the Kiev Tank Technical School for the production of prototypes, and after completion of the tests, to Moscow for comparative tests and then to the Leningrad Voroshilov Plant, for modification and launch into series.

The Great Patriotic War began The Great Patriotic War began in August 1941 in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, in October sergeant, in October near Bryansk he was seriously wounded near Bryansk. seriously wounded. In the hospital In the hospital, Kalashnikov was tormented by one thought: how to help the front? This thought brought him to the library, forced him to sit down at his desk. He really got excited about the idea of ​​a drawing table. He really got excited about the idea of ​​​​creating his own model of automatic weapons. I began to make sketches and drawings, comparing and analyzing my own impressions of the battles and the opinions of my comrades in arms.

In 1944, Kalashnikov, working at the Central Research Range of Small Arms (NIPSMVO) of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army, created a prototype of a self-loading carbine, which, although it did not go into production, partially served as a prototype for the creation of an assault rifle.

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov Hero of the Russian Federation, Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, Laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes, Knight of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, member of the Writers' Union of Russia, since 1971 Doctor of Technical Sciences, in 1969 he was awarded the military rank of colonel, in 1994 - general - major, in 1999 - Lieutenant General.