Crimean grass with purple flowers. Crimean primroses, or Spring, beauty and love! What does ornamental cabbage like?

Crimea is famous not only for its sea and beaches, but also for its unique plants. Trees, shrubs, and herbs fill the air with a pleasant aroma. In total, more than two thousand plant species grow on the peninsula, about 260 of them are listed in the Red Book. Below I have described the most interesting, rare representatives of the Crimean flora.

Bay leaf– one of the most popular spices. In Crimea, it is included in the fund of evergreen plants of the South Coast. The lifespan of a laurel bush is about 300 years. The fruits are black in color and are used to make aromatic oil used for medicinal and technical purposes. The leaves are rich in volatile substances (phytoncides), which have a beneficial effect on human health. main feature– suppression of the development of tuberculosis bacillus. The plant can withstand temperatures down to -13°.

You can see an evergreen plant of the myrtle family with fruits reminiscent of a cucumber in the Crimea today in and in. It grows wild in Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil. Feijoa blooms with beautiful red and white petals, the middle of the flower is decorated with a purple stamen. The tree tolerates frosts up to 12° and drought. The fruits are especially valued for their high iodine content. This property characteristic only of those plants that grow near the Black Sea coast.

The plant (evergreen) reaches a height of 2 - 3 meters. It looks especially impressive during flowering, in May - June. Belongs to the myrtle family, just like eucalyptus, feijoa, and so on. The leaf is dark green in color and fills the space with a fragrant aroma when rubbed. The flowers produce black fruits with pleasant smell. The first plant appeared on the peninsula back in 1815, in the famous botanical garden. Today, myrtle is very rare on the peninsula.

It is not an annual plant of the Sumacaceae genus, of which there are about 20 species. It is one of the most ancient trees; its age can be up to one thousand years. The height of the pistachio with a dense crown and gray bark reaches 8 meters. The leaves are bunched, the flowers do not evoke any special emotions. The fruits are not edible. The root system has unique properties - anti-erosion. Pistachio tolerates drought and frost very well. The leaves have a strong smell of resin, which has healing properties. Pistachio resin is used in medicine.

Corm plants, from the iris family, about 80 species of representatives are included in this group. The height of crocuses varies from 8 to 30 centimeters. On the territory of the peninsula, all wild crocuses are listed in the Red Book. Flowers decorate stone slopes and meadows, delighting tourists with the most beautiful flowers from February to the 15th - 20th of April. The leaves of the plant are narrow, the flowers are light purple or yellow with a graceful bend. On the peninsula you can often find saffron (another name for crocus) in juniper groves.

Herbaceous perennial plants of the legume family - astragalus, number more than 2 thousand species. The height is small - from 5 to 10 centimeters. They feel comfortable in areas of increased drought. Astragalus bristlecone is an endemic species. On south coast Crimea is found on the famous, in the vicinity of Sudak. The best soil for it is gravelly slopes and rocky surfaces. Enjoy the beauty of extraordinary red-violet flowers possible in May. By the way, many rare species bloom at this time.

Orchid

Scientists disagree on how many species of orchid there are in the orchid genus, and the data vary greatly (from 20 to 35 thousand). Up to 39 species of orchids will grow in Crimea, including a rare representative - Comperia compera. "Comperia" is a relict representative. Beautiful plant up to 50 centimeters in height. The leaves are grayish-green, three to four pieces each. The flowers are quite large and have an unusual shape. The orchid blooms from May to June. There is a unique plant in the so-called “Crimean Africa” -.

Fern (Bracken fern)

Exactly this rare plant from the entire family of more than 10 thousand species. In Crimea, this fern is represented by only 12 units. You can only see them on the majestic. The evergreen plant is covered with black-brown films on the root. The rhizome is creeping and reproduces by spores in the summer. The leaves have an unusual dark green color, sometimes even black. The same species is found in Dagestan and Turkmenistan.

An endemic species that grows only in Crimea. This is a common flower, but due to constant destruction it is at risk. Therefore, it is a protected area and is carefully protected by the state. Snowdrop is part of the Amaryllidaceae family, which includes less than 20 species. Grows in shady places. Flowering begins in December - January and continues until the first leaves appear on the trees.

The perennial plant belongs to the ranunculaceae family. Height from 10 to 25 centimeters. It grows mainly in pine and oak forests on rocks. Blooms from February to May. The stem is covered with silvery down, the flowers are fluffy, lilac in color with a yellow center. The buds are large (3 – 3.5 cm). When the flower is closed, it can be confused with one of the types of tulips. With the onset of evening, the flowers close and lower their heads. By morning they bloom again. The plant is rare. Listed and included in the European Red List.

The plant, reaching a height of up to 50 cm, belongs to the peony family. Grows in the southern regions of Crimea. The leaf is green, elongated, similar to pine needles. The flower is bright red with a diameter of up to 10 centimeters. Flowering begins at the end of April and continues until June. Favorable soil for growth is rocky slopes. Found in the vicinity of Koktebel, in the territory. The largest number of representatives of this species is on Mount Klimentyev.

Perennial plant of the orchid family. Listed in the Red Book. "Slipper" is distinguished by bright green oval-oblong leaves and inflorescences similar to shoes. They flaunt on tall stems, up to 60 centimeters in height. This is where the name came from. During the season of mass flowering, it spreads a pleasant aroma throughout the area, attracting a huge number of insects. It grows mainly in shady forests of mixed type, on the edges, but can sometimes be found in open areas.

A plant listed in the Red Book, only 5 centimeters in height, pleases with its flowering from January to March. This family includes more than 70 species, Colchicum ankara is one of them. The leaves are covered with a bluish coating, the flowers are pink-purple in color, somewhat similar to crocus. The main difference is the simultaneous appearance of inflorescences and leaves. Colchicum belongs to the category of poisonous, so picking it is strongly not recommended. You can get seriously poisoned. Found in steppes and mountain slopes. It looks especially impressive on them.

A perennial plant (ranunculaceae family) that prefers the beech forests of Crimea is as dangerous as it is beautiful. Blue, purple inflorescences are located on a long thin stem. The height can reach 2.5 meters. Flowers usually have irregular shape. Some species are distinguished by yellow inflorescences. In ancient times, aconite was used as one of the means of carrying out a death sentence. Some citizens manage to dig up tubers to plant in their summer cottage. Even knowing about the strongest poisonous properties.

The rose grows in. Unlike the above, aconite has healing properties. The flowers look like rose hips when in bloom. The leaves and shoots, when young, exude a pleasant aroma. It is from this plant that, through distillation, incense oil of dark green or brown color is obtained. Used in perfumery as an excellent fixing agent. In Eastern countries and Egypt it is used for aromatic smoking. It blooms in white, pink or reddish color, in June - July, no longer than one day.

Iris

Only three types of irises out of 250 grow in Crimea: false calamus, dwarf and Siberian. False irises prefer swampy areas and foothills. The plant has powerful leaves and bright sunny flowers. The dwarf species is named due to its small stature, the maximum to which they grow is 20 centimeters. Flowers of different shades - golden, purple, blue and even brown-yellow. The iris blooms from March to May, decorating large areas. The same cannot be said about Siberian, it is very rare.

It is simply unrealistic to describe all the plants listed in the Red Book of Crimea. There are a huge number of them. But the species listed above, in my opinion, are quite enough to understand how rich, diverse and unique the flora of the peninsula is. Interesting and have a nice rest!

What to do in spring in Crimea? Enjoy the nature of the peninsula and this wonderful time of year, when it’s not yet hot to walk, the first leaves appear on the trees, everything around is blooming, there is more and more sun and blue sky.

Mountain peonies

Photo by Victoria Stupina

Photo by Victoria Stupina

Photo by Victoria Stupina

The Crimean spring continues with mountain peonies. They are often confused with poppies. But these flowers appear much earlier, and they are very different in appearance. One of the disadvantages is that peonies fade so quickly that sometimes it’s even difficult to find the place where they were. This is exactly what happened to us in 2016. They bloom in mid-April.

Where: White Rock and its surroundings, Ai-Petri, Dolgorukovskaya yayla, surroundings of Koktebel.

When: second half of April.

Wisteria

In the second half of April, the narrow streets of Yalta are filled with a honey aroma. It's all because of the blooming wisteria. It entwines houses and gazebos and burns with a bright purple fire from afar. Small flowers are collected in large clusters that hang down like grapes.
The smell of wisteria spreads for a couple of blocks. I usually use it to determine where to go to admire the blooms and smell the aroma until I feel dizzy. My only regret is that the scent of wisteria cannot be sealed in a bottle and always carried with you.

When: second half of April.
Where: Yalta, Simeiz, park of the Dnepr sanatorium (Kharaks estate).

Poppy madness starts in May. Photographers and tourists hunt for poppy fields; some willingly share coordinates, while others, on the contrary, are secretive.

If hunting for huge fields is not your format, then I advise you to take a walk in. There are poppies there too, and in large quantities. And this gives the reserve a very special look.

Where: Chersonese Tauride in Sevastopol, Bakhchisarai region, surroundings of the cave cities of Mangup-Kale and Eski-Kermen.

When: May.

Roses

Crimea in June pleases not only with lavender fields, but also with rose plantations. They bloom at the beginning of the month. Pink fields are located in the Alushta region. Roses are grown for the Alushta essential oil state farm-plant. So if someone wants to give a girl a million roses, then you don’t need to be a millionaire. All you have to do is bring the girl to the pink field in early June. And delight will be guaranteed, as will beautiful photographs.

When: the beginning of June
Where: the village of Rozovy in the Alushta region.

Lavender

The Soviet past left Crimea with an excellent gift - its own Provence with lavender fields. Then they occupied 2.5 hectares of Crimean land, and they even bought aromatic oil made on the peninsula in France. Now there are much fewer fields, some of them have become abandoned.

Lavender blooms in mid-June and blooms until August. However, the peak of flowering occurs from mid-June to mid-July, then the flowers become dry and not so bright, although the aroma continues to dizzy.

Where: Turgenevka, Lavender, Uchkuevka and Mekenziev mountains in Sevastopol, the vicinity of Alushta and Greater Yalta, Bakhchisarai region.

When: June.

If, after my stories, you have planned a trip to Crimea in the spring, but don’t know where to go and what to see first, then I can create a personal guide for you. All details at .

Spring in Crimea is my favorite favorite time of the year. If you have not yet purchased tickets to the peninsula for the spring, then the time to do so is now.

If tickets have already been purchased, then the most convenient way to book accommodation is through Booking.

P.S. Photos used in this article Ekaterina Dmitrenko.

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The end of April/May is the best time to visit Crimea. It’s not very hot yet, the greenery has not faded, there are no crowds of people like in the summer.
But the main attraction of this time is the flowers.

Below are photographs and descriptions of Crimean flowers taken in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008, during the May holidays (late April/early May). Mainly represented are the Bakhchisarai, Yalta and Sudak regions of Crimea.

SLEEP-GRASS, CRIMEAN ARROW (Pulsatilla taurica)

He's a snow tulip, he's a little sunny, he's a grass-grass, he's a boar's lumbago, he's a shooter, he's a raspberry, he's a beaver.
Grows in mountains, oak forests, mountain meadows, steppe areas of foothills and rocky slopes.
The Crimean spring flower is the most beautiful - you can admire it and photograph it endlessly.
Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine

Dream-Grass. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag

Dream-Grass. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag

Dream-Grass. April 2004 Chatyr-Dag

Dream-Grass. 2.05.03 Yalta yayla

Dream-Grass. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag



Dream-Grass. 5.05.07 Hangar-Burun

FOLDED SNOWDROP (Galanthus plicatus M. Bieb.)

Folded snowdrop (Galanthus plicatus) is a species that differs from other species in folded leaves with a bluish bloom, with folds curved on the underside.
Previously considered as an endemic Crimean species, however, habitats of folded snowdrop have now been identified in the Caucasus, Turkey, Romania and Moldova.
Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine

4.05.07 Not far from the t/s "Boyko"

Snowdrop. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag

Snowdrop. 1.05.03 Grand Canyon

Scilla bifolia L.

Aka Crimean scilla (Scilla taurica (Regel) Fuss), aka snow scilla (Scilla nivalis Boiss.). Glades overgrown with blueberries mixed with snowdrops look very beautiful.

Scilla. 2.05.03 Climbing the Roman-Kosh mountain

CRIMEAN CROCUS (Crocus tauricus (Trautv.) Puring)

It is also Crimean saffron. Endemic Crimean-Caucasian species. It grows in the mountains on open rocky places and grassy slopes. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.

Crimean crocus.4.05.07 Not far from Ai-Petri

Crimean crocus.1.05.03 Yalta yayla

PRIMULA (Primula)Primula

It grows in the southern regions of the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Crimea, Southern and Central Europe. The species is similar to spring primrose, but with an undeveloped flower arrow. Flowering from April. The plant is cold-resistant and blooms on the edge of the snow.
The ancient Greeks believed that the primrose could heal all ailments and called it “the flower of the twelve gods.”

In the old German sagas, primroses are the keys of the spring goddess Freya. With the help of these keys, the beautiful goddess, adorned with a necklace of colorful rainbow, reveals real warmth after a long winter. Wherever her rainbow hits, golden keys appear, and spring flowers sprout from them - primroses.

The Danes are sure that the princess of the elves herself was turned into a primrose. One day the spirits released the girl to earth, and there she fell in love with the young man, forgetting about her relatives. For this, the spirits turned the princess into a primrose and her lover into an anemone.

In Rus', primroses were lovingly called lambs. There was even such a custom: to throw the plucked lambs under your feet and trample them - for longevity.

The British have the primrose as their favorite flower. It is grown in gardens and vegetable gardens, taken with them on trips, and given to loved ones. By English fairy tales, gnomes hide in primroses, and if you go out into a clearing in the spring, you can hear a choir of gentle voices coming from the flowers.

Common primrose (Primula vulgaris) or stemless (Primula acaulis) April 2004. District of the Boyko t/s

Road overgrown with primroses. 04/26/03 from Eski-Kermen to Shuldan

Primula Sibthorpii (Primula sibthorpii)25.04.03 Near Eski-Kermen

Common primrose.04.25.03 near the Red Poppy

VIOLETS

There are many different ones in Crimea. Particularly beautiful and large ones are found on yailas. Yellow and blue look very nice.

Dog violet (Viola canina)25.04.03 near Eski-Kermen

Fragrant violet (Viola odorata)25.04.03 near Eski-Kermen



Mountain violet (Viola oreades Bieb.) April 2004 Ai-Petri yayla

Mountain violet (Viola oreades Bieb.) April 2004 Ai-Petri yayla

Glade of violets. April 2004 Eski-Kermen

KUPENA fragrant (Polygonatum odoratum)

She is also bought medicinal, bought pharmaceutical (Polygonatum officinale L.), she is also Solomon's seal. Grows on drying, slightly acidic, rich, humus, loose, for the most part shallow, sandy, rocky and clayey soils: in forests, bushes and slopes. Edge-forest view. The plant is poisonous.

Kupena is fragrant. April 2004 Eski-Kermen

POPPY (Papaver dubium L.)

Doubtful poppy is an annual herbaceous plant 30-60 cm high. It blooms in April-June. Grows on dry rocky, gravelly, clayey slopes, among bushes, on sand, in forest-steppe and steppe, in fields, near roads, in mountains up to the mid-mountain zone. Poisonous.

Poppy is dubious. April 2004 p. Red poppy

IBERIAN, WALL (Iberis)

The name of the plant indicates the area of ​​​​natural distribution: Iberia, as Spain was previously called. The genus contains about 40 species, distributed in the Mediterranean and Central Europe.

Iberian forms thick round cushions, which during the flowering period, in April-May, seem to be dusted with snow due to the lilac-white flowers. In Crimea they live in rocky places, in the mountains, on the South Coast.

There are rocky Iberian (Ib.saxatilis), Crimean Iberian (Ib. taurica), very rarely - bitter Iberian (Ib.amara) and pinnate Iberian (Ib.pinnata). These types differ mainly in leaf shape.

Candytuft. 1.05.03 Great Crimean Canyon

Ornithogalum fimbriatum Willd
He is also a fibrous poultry plant, he is also a ciliated poultry plant.
Grows in forests along the edges, in the steppes, on yayls. From the subgenus Ornithogalum. Plants no more than 12 cm tall. The arrow is covered with hairs. Blooms in mid-spring, up to 15 days.

Poultry farmer. April 2003 Vetrov Gazebo area

THIN-LEAF PEONY Paeonia tenuifolia L. (P. lithophila Kotov, P. biebersteiniana Rupr.)

It is also a narrow-leaved peony. Herbaceous perennial up to 50 cm in height. Grows on meadow steppes, leached black soils, and mountain slopes. Blooms in May. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.

Peony thin-leaved. April 2004 and 5.05.07 On the climb to Chatyr-Dag

Peony thin-leaved. April 2004 Chatyr-Dag

Thickets of thin-leaved peony 04/29/08 Slopes of Lyalel-Oba

CRIMEAN PEONY (Paeonia daurica)

Aka Tauride peony (Paeonia taurica auct.), aka three-triple peony (Paeonia triternata) Endemic to Crimea. It grows in light forests, typically in the undergrowth of oak forests. It occurs en masse at altitudes from 200 meters to the upper forest boundary. Blooms in May. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine

Crimean peony. April 2004 Eski-Kermen

MUSCARI (Muscari neglectum Guss)

He's the unnoticed viper onion, he's also the mouse hyacinth.
Low, up to 15 cm tall, bulbous perennial of the lily family.
It grows in sunny rocky meadows and on the edges of forests. Often forms a continuous blue carpet. Blooms in April-May.

Muscari. End of April 2004 Chatyr-Dag



Muscari. 04/25/03 Eski-Kermen

Dwarf IRIS (Iris pumila) OR CRIMEAN IRIS (Iris taurica. Iridaceae)

Aka low iris, aka dwarf iris.
Herbaceous perennial 10-20 cm in height. It grows in the steppes, on grassy slopes, on rocky and thin soils, at altitudes from 300 to 700 m above sea level, less often it descends to 50 m and rises to 900-1000 m.

Purple and yellow irises 04/29/08 Slopes of Lalel-Oba

Dwarf iris. April 2004 Eski Kermen

Dwarf irises. 04/25/03 near the village. Red poppy

ORIENTAL AROUS (Arum orientale Bieb., A. maculatum auct.)

Relict species, belongs to one of the oldest genera of tropical origin in Ukraine. Perennial herbaceous plant 20-30cm high. Grows in shady forests. Very specific smell. Blooms in May. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine

Eastern arum. April 2004 near the Shuldan monastery

SCHRENK'S TULIP(Tulipa schrenkii Regel)

Also known as Gesner's tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.). Plants are 10-40 cm tall. Stem b. h. naked, sometimes pubescent. The leaves are recurved, sickle-shaped, spaced, more or less curly, glabrous or pubescent, not exceeding the flower. One flower, red or yellow. The tepals are relatively short, wide, and blunt. The spot at their base is black, with a yellow border, yellow or absent. Blooms in April. It grows mainly in the steppe Crimea, as well as in the foothills and on the South Coast.

Schrenk's Tulip 04/29/08 Slopes of Lyalel-Oba (translated from Crimean Tatar as “top of tulips”)

LOW ALMOND (Amygdalus nana L.)

He is also a bean tree, he is also a dwarf almond, he is also a steppe almond.
It grows in the zone of forb-meadow steppes, in hollows, along ravines, and gullies.

Thickets of dwarf almonds. 04/29/08 not far from the t/s "Ai-Serez"

ADONIS SPRING (Adonis vernalis L.)

He is also the spring adonis, he is also the spring adonis. Blooms in May
in the steppes, along the edges of forests, in cleared forest glades, steppe slopes, meadows. A very bright and beautiful flower.

Adonis in spring. 04/29/08 Upper reaches of the Ai-Serez river

YELLOW ASPHODELINE Asphodeline Lutea (L.) Reichend

Rare endangered Eastern Mediterranean species. Herbaceous perennial with a thick, tall, up to 60 cm, stem. The stem from the base to the inflorescence is covered with dagger-shaped, triangular fleshy leaves. The flower raceme is thick, long and consists of large greenish-yellow flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter. The tepals have a characteristic green vein. After flowering, a fruit is formed - a large capsule. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine

Yellow asphodeline (Asphodeline lutea) 04/29/08 t/s Maski in Ukraine is found only in Crimea

ORCHIDS(Orchidaceae)

Wild orchids are the most wonderful flowers of the spring Crimea.
According to various sources, 20-39 species of orchids grow in Crimea. All are listed in the Red Book. The population of wild orchids is small and continues to decline, mainly due to deforestation and destruction of flowers for bouquets.
Mostly orchises (purple, monkey) are found; I was lucky to stumble upon the rare Crimean orchis, of which only a few specimens remain.

04/27/08 Fox Bay. Painted orchis (spotted) (Orchis picta Loisel.)

Crimean Ophrys taurica Nevski

Orchis simia Lam.

Orchis purpurea Huds.

Orchis punctulata

Wolf's orchis Orchis x wulffiana and Steveniella satyrioides Schlechter

Orchis April 2004

Wonderful resources were used in preparing the material:
1) http://www.plantarium.ru Plant identification guide on-line
An open illustrated atlas of vascular plants of Russia and neighboring countries.
2) http://family-travel.narod.ru/flora/flora.html Photoherbarium. Wild plants of Crimea.
3) http://mail.menr.gov.ua/publ/redbook/redbook.php Chervona book of Ukraine.

Yaroslav Kuznetsov ©2009

How will a tourist who decides to relax here in June see the Crimean peninsula? What blooms in Crimea in the first month of summer? To be honest, there are so many things that it is impossible to list, so in this article we simply tried to convey the atmosphere of June in Crimea.

In the first half of the month, the main flower of fields and roadsides remains the self-seeded poppy. However, if you are lucky, you can meet its smaller and more delicate relative - the hybrid poppy.

If you didn’t make it in time for the poppies to bloom, don’t worry, Crimea has prepared many other places for photo sessions. These are bright yellow fields of mullein, rapeseed, and turnips:

White – coriander and chamomile. This photo was taken near Vulkanovka:

But the most popular, of course, is lavender.

Its lilac fields have been preserved near the village of Turgenevka near Bakhchisarai. And at the height of the flowering of this fragrant plant (approximately the first half of June), the real pilgrimage begins there.

What blooms in Crimea in June - trees, shrubs, flowers

At the same time, spreading a delicate honey aroma around, Eleven angustifolia (wild olive) blooms.

This is one of the most noticeable plants on the Crimean coast, practically the only one that provides shade on the beaches of the east and west of the peninsula. Loch is extremely unpretentious, heat and salt tolerant, so it feels great on the sand, literally at the edge of sea water.

Crimean roadsides are again in pink - April almonds and May tamarisk have been replaced by mackerel. Its clouds of all shades of pink will accompany you throughout Crimea.

However, the yellow color has not been forgotten - gorse is blooming, and in some places it is a continuous carpet.

A tree with a completely unpronounceable name, Kölreuteria paniculata (soap tree), blooms yellow.

Its round crowns bristle with large, loose clusters, which by autumn will turn into bright tricuspid boxes, similar to Chinese lanterns. By the way, Kölreuteria comes from China.

Flowerbeds are decorated with lavender, various sedums and other drought-resistant plants.

You can often find artichokes, and not only in flower beds. It seems that he approved of the Crimean climate, took root and decided to go wild.

Arriving in Crimea in June, you will definitely meet yucca, one of the plants that says - you are in the south!

The front gardens of local residents resemble branches of Nikitsky botanical garden thanks to the many varieties of roses, lilies, daylilies,

Oriental poppy, rudbeckia, eschscholzia, bluebells, etc. are pleasing.

June is the time when mallows bloom, and this flower has an innumerable variety of shades - from white to black. By the way, wild mallow also grows in Crimea - the hollyhock, a modest yellow color.

Wild plants of June

Almost everything in the forests has faded, so we go out to the edges, to the steppe, mountains and ruins of archaeological sites. At this time of year they have cheerful chintz colors - the flowers are small and modest, but there are many of them and mixed together.

They were chosen by mullein and bruise. By the way, the bruise is not necessarily blue; in Crimea you can find a pale blue one - the Italian bruise and, much less often, the red Russian bruise. This one was found in .

Once upon a time, a carmine red dye for woolen fabrics was obtained from this plant.

In the mountainous Crimea in June, sage and thyme set the tone. More precisely, sages - whorled, meadow, gormin, oak nutmeg, etc., and thymes, of which there are 13 species in Crimea and not all of them have a pronounced aroma.

Mixed with them grow Austrian and veined flax, variegated nom, larkspur, wholeleaf, istod, St. John's wort, etc.

One of the Crimean orchids, Anacamptis pyramidalis, is sometimes found here:

Mariannik flowers (Ivan da Marya) are clearly visible in the meadow:

There are 21 species of broomrapes in Crimea, but usually they are much less noticeable than this bush on the cliff.

Higher up on the rocks, the meadows are more modest; wormwood, thyme, flax, bindweed, and navels reign here:

And the feather grass spreads over them.

However, here you can also find large bright flowers, for example, glacium:

Crimean zopnik blooms nearby. These elegant bushes will turn into “tumbleweeds” by autumn.

Right on the bare rocks, the capitate plant, a modest plant from the Red Book, found a place for itself.

An interesting feature of June is the flowering thorns. At this time, all the future weeds - thistle, tartar, thistle, scolymus please with lush flowering:

Neighboring them, adding bright colors to the steppe, are Tatary lettuce, scabiosa, sage, and chicory:

Almost everywhere from the above places you can find prickly pear - a cactus that blooms large in June yellow flowers, and by autumn it is covered with dark pink sweet fruits from which you can make compote or jam.

It was brought to us by the Italians, who after Crimean War reburied their compatriots on Mount Gasfort under. Their combat positions were previously nearby. And as a memory of their homeland, they planted a prickly pear brought from Sicily in the cemetery. She liked it in Crimea, and gradually it spread throughout the peninsula.

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February 19th, 2017 admin

Spring is the best time to visit Crimea; this is the time when the peninsula especially pleases the eye with the bright and fresh greenery of forests, fields, plains, gardens and parks. The flora of Crimea is very unusual and diverse. There are 2,500 varieties of wild plants on the peninsula. There are 250 endemics in Crimea, that is, unique plants that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Crimea is rich in relics - plants that have been preserved for millions of years and have survived to this day without any changes.

In Crimea there are a lot of plants related to the neighboring Black Sea regions, since over the course of thousands of years the Crimean peninsula was separated from the mainland many times, then rejoined by land isthmuses from the Caucasus, or the East European Plain. Of course, such geographical changes led to modifications in the flora and fauna of Crimea. We should also not forget that more than a thousand species of exotic plant specimens were brought to Crimea over the past thousand years of the history of this land. All these factors that influenced the nature of Crimea created the amazingly diverse and colorful world of vegetation that we see today on the peninsula.

Many unique plants Crimea is under state protection and more than 250 plants of the horsetail, gymnosperm, angiosperm, moss and algae families have long been listed in the Red Book. Let's list just a few of them: River horsetail. The bone is elegant. North Costenz. Juniper deltoid. Stephen's maple. Ira is graceful. Oak cuff. The onion is reddish. Hawthorn cuneifolia. Meadow sage. Crimean dandelion. Bibirstein Tulip. Forest grapes. Sea damask. Cystoseira bearudata and many others.

Among the diverse vegetation of Crimea there are quite a few plants that are quite attractive in appearance, but very dangerous for humans. As long as these plants and flowers grow in Crimean forests and fields, they are completely safe. Danger arises when their sap, roots, leaves or other parts come into contact with humans. Not only residents of the peninsula, but also those who come to visit us should know about dangerous plants. Every traveler, unknowingly, can pick a poisonous flower or eat a life-threatening berry.

In general, look at them carefully and avoid mindlessly tearing these plants.

1. Delphinium or larkspur

Larkspur causes central depression nervous system with a simultaneous effect on gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. With toxic doses, respiratory paralysis occurs, accompanied by heart damage.

2. Hemlock (lat. cicuta)

A perennial herbaceous plant of the Umbelliferae family, with the scent of parsley or celery. This plant looks so innocent: white flowers gathered in idyllic umbrellas. But when drinking the juice of this plant, severe abdominal pain, salivation, vomiting and diarrhea will begin, followed by convulsions, which can lead to respiratory and cardiac arrest.

3. Spotted hemlock (lat. Conīum maculātum)

This poisonous plant with an intoxicating odor, it should be collected only with rubber gloves. Hemlock have long been used for two opposing purposes: with the help of tincture, death sentences were carried out, or they were prepared from it medicines. Once in the human stomach, hemlock juice (or decoction) causes nausea, often vomiting and diarrhea. There is a loss of sensation and gradual paralysis, starting from the legs. It takes hemlock only two hours to kill its victim.

Most often, foxglove appears in Agatha Christie's detective stories. In her story “Dead Grass,” foxglove causes the death of a young girl and the illness of other characters. The plant was mixed with onions, and the resulting mixture was stuffed into the duck.

The plant, especially the leaves, contains the well-known atropine, as well as asparagine, then lime and other alkaline substances. Belladonna is highly poisonous to humans, although herbivores eat it with impunity.

6. Wolfsbane or fighter

In the beech forest of Crimea you can find a very beautiful perennial herbaceous plant from the ranunculaceae family with bright blue or purple flowers. Its most popular names are aconite or fighter. Ancient Greek mythology tells that a wrestler emerged from the poisonous saliva of the formidable guardian of the underground kingdom of Hades - the three-headed dog Cerberus, who was brought to earth great hero Hercules. This suggests that aconite has been considered one of the most poisonous plants since ancient times. The ancient Greeks used aconite juice to carry out death sentences. There is a known case when legionnaires of the Roman Emperor Mark Antony, after eating several aconite tubers, lost their memory and soon died. In many countries, the mere possession of aconite root was considered a serious crime and was punishable by death. According to one of the ancient legends, the famous conqueror Tamerlane died, poisoned precisely by the poison of aconite, which was soaked in his skullcap. Aconite juice has been used in old times for applying it to arrows. The ancient Germans compared aconite flowers with the helmet of the god Thor, they soaked weapons - spears, swords and daggers - in aconite juice before going into battle or hunting. The plant contains a deadly poison - aconitine.

This flower is an ideal candidate for decorating any summer cottage. Unfortunately, Colchicum is extremely poisonous. Moreover, all parts of the plant are poisonous, both external and underground. Even when picking up a flower, you should wear gloves to avoid getting burned. Light purple or pink flowers that bloomed their buds in the fall, on the eve of the winter cold, gave the flower its name - colchicum. But their innocent defenselessness is very deceptive - the flower is very poisonous. Colchicum sap contains more than 20 toxins, and some of them are deadly. Gardeners are recommended to work with crocus while wearing gloves. The literature describes cases of death of people who were treated as prescribed by healers with a decoction of colchicum. Another name for this plant is colchicum. By ancient Greek myth, this plant sprouted from drops of the blood of Prometheus, who was chained to a rock in the Caucasus Mountains and tormented by an eagle. Colchicum, according to legend, decorated the garden of the goddess Artemis in Colchis. On the Crimean peninsula there are two similar species of colchicum: shady, which blooms in autumn, and winter Ankara. Moreover, the shady colchicum, which blooms only in autumn, is often confused with a more common harmless plant in the Crimea - the beautiful crocus, which blooms only in spring.

The plant is dangerous from the roots to the tips of the leaves, but the most dangerous part is the bud. The consequences of ingesting even a piece of this plant will be the same as those of consuming potassium cyanide! Choking, loss of consciousness, convulsions, rapid pulse, falling blood pressure and even death is the price of careless handling of this cute flower.

When bringing a bouquet of daffodils into your home, know that if you taste it, the consequences can be sad: nausea and vomiting, convulsions and loss of consciousness; with increased sensitivity, paralysis and death are possible.

If you taste any part of this plant, sad consequences will not keep you waiting. The first symptoms will be drooling and tearing, then all this will turn into vomiting, a slow pulse and a drop in blood pressure.

Crimea is a completely unique and amazingly beautiful place, striking with its extraordinary richness of flora. There are not many places on our planet that could boast of such a wealth of species of flora, imported from other regions and successfully taking root in a new place.

11. Datura common

Anyone who read Bazhov's fairy tales as a child can remember the famous stone flower - an ideal bowl created by master Danil in the almost unattainable image of a datura flower. Residents of Crimea have long appreciated its beauty. Common datura growing everywhere in Crimea local residents often used as an ornamental plant. Dangerous plant Crimea - common datura. Even more often in Crimean gardens and parks you can find large white gramophones of the Indian datura. But this poisonous plant became famous not only for its beauty, but also for its other properties. The popular names alone that indicate them are worth it: stupefying grass, crazy potion, bad drunk, crazy grass... And all these names are well deserved, since the plant is poisonous and is a strong hallucinogen. Therefore, shamans and priests of some tribes and peoples, knowing safe dosages, took it to enter a trance. In India there was even a profession - dope poisoner. The “professional” blew dope seed powder into the sniffling man’s nose through a pipe, which made him fall asleep even more deeply, and the thieves easily, without any obstacles, carried the property out of the house.
12. Henbane.

The very name of this plant evokes a vivid association among many with the poison discussed in the brilliant work of the great English playwright William Shakespeare “Hamlet”. After all, it was henbane poison that poisoned the king, the father of Prince Hamlet. In Russian folklore, the name henbane is associated with the expression: “Have you eaten too much henbane?”, which is undoubtedly associated with the expressive symptoms of henbane poisoning. Famous doctor and the scientist Avicena described the characteristic symptoms of poisoning: “Henbane is a poison that often causes insanity, deprives memory and causes suffocation and demonic possession.” A rather bright and noticeable henbane flower is often found in Crimea, a plant with not very flashy, but very attractive flowers. Also Common cause Poisoning is caused by the similarity of henbane seeds, which are similar to safe poppy seeds. Dr. Mettesi noted: “Children, having eaten too much henbane, fall into such extravagance that their relatives, without knowing the reasons, begin to think that this is the machinations of evil spirits.” In pharmacology, henbane is used to prepare some anti-asthmatic drugs and painkillers.

13. White-winged arum

In April-May, an exotic arum flower, slightly similar to kala, appears in the forests of Crimea. Its single petal is compared to a wing, hence the name of the rarest of the three species growing on the peninsula - white-winged arum. Dangerous plant of Crimea - arum Despite its peculiar decorative effect, the Crimean arum did not gain popularity due to its sharp and very unpleasant odor. However, flies, their pollinators, find the amber that comes from these flowers to be a very attractive aroma.
Unusual Oriental arum flowers have two flowering phases - male and female. Insects Having visited a plant with a male flowering period, after a while they sit on a female one and slide inside. At the same time, they are prevented from getting out of the flower by thread-like outgrowths that are directed downwards, and they have no choice but to crawl along the cob located at the base of the flower, pollinating it with the pollen brought. After this, the arum enters the male flowering phase, removes all its traps and releases the insects to freedom.
All types of Crimean arum (Arum italicum) are toxic . In summer, their ears ripen and are covered with attractive orange berries. If you eat at least a few of them, severe inflammation of the oral cavity occurs and characteristic features poisoning In some places in the Crimea, arums are called forest pencils for the ability of the rod located in the center of the inflorescence to color surfaces, for which it is called “forest pencils.”

14. Yew berry

In ancient times, entire forests of yew berry grew in Crimea, but at present there are very few old trees left. The age of yew berry can be quite respectable - some trees are more than a thousand years old. The widespread destruction of yew was caused by its beautiful, ever-durable wood, painted in different shades of red, which is why it is also called mahogany. IN Ancient Egypt The sarcophagi of the Egyptian pharaohs were made from yew. In ancient times, the most best bows. But craftsmen working with toxic yew wood did not live long, and those who cut yew branches felt a severe headache. Ancient legends have been preserved that in the old days beautiful cups were created from yew berry, which were then presented as gifts to enemies in the hope of poisoning them. In Europe, yew wood was used to make very expensive furniture. Pliny the Elder mentioned the toxicity of yew berry. Everything about a tree is poisonous: wood, seeds, needles, bark, roots. The exception is the juicy shells that look like berries. Sweetish, but not distinguished by an exquisite taste, they are completely harmless. The danger is that if they are eaten together with the fruit - the seed - poisoning will inevitably occur.
15. Peonies

Like many medicinal plants of Crimea, peonies are poisonous. Everything about it is toxic – from the rhizomes, petals, seeds. Vegetable world The peninsula is decorated with two types of peonies, which compete with each other in their splendor. Peonies are listed in the Red Book, as their number is decreasing throughout the Crimea. Two thousand years ago, delicate peony flowers decorated the imperial gardens of China. Peonies were brought to the emperor's court from the south of the country in specially made bamboo baskets, and to protect them from withering, each flower stem was covered with wax. In Ancient Greece, the peony flower was considered a symbol of longevity. There is an opinion that the Greeks valued the peony not only for its beauty, but also for its amazing healing properties, the flower got its name from the Greek word “paionios”, which in translation sounds like healing. Ancient Greek doctors were called "Peonies". In ancient Greece, there was a myth about the student of the god of healing Aesculapius - Peony, who surpassed his mentor in the art of healing. This aroused the anger of the god Zeus, and he ordered Hades to poison Peony, however, the ruler of the underworld took pity on the dying young man and turned him into a peony flower of extraordinary beauty.

15. Heracleum L., hogweed - a large umbrella plant.

The white caps of inflorescences against the background of beautiful carved leaves in themselves clearly distinguish this plant from all others. But it is even more impressive with its majestic size. A dangerous plant in Crimea - Heracleum. Under favorable conditions, some types of hogweed grow up to 4 meters with a leaf area of ​​up to 1 square meter. In this case, the diameter of the inflorescence often reaches 60 centimeters. For such a powerful stature and a very high growth rate - 10-12 centimeters per day, he got his Latin name– heracleum. Surprised by its extraordinary appearance, residents of central Russia brought its seeds from the Caucasus, the Urals and other regions. Having settled into a new place as ornamental plant, the hogweed soon went out of control and, conquering the surroundings of the peninsula, began to displace many local species, becoming a malicious weed. It soon became clear that the handsome Heracleum not only prolific, but also very poisonous. Even touching this plant can cause a serious chemical burn, so remember it well and during the flowering period, try to admire its beauty from afar.
16. Buttercup (Ranunculus oxyspermus).

Affectionately sounding name The buttercup plant actually comes from a formidable, even ferocious epithet - fierce. The bright yellow flowers of the buttercup, as if lacquered, received another popular name - night blindness . This was apparently due to the irritant effect of the juice on the mucous membranes, including the eyes. From beautifully blooming toxic plants Crimean peninsula in terms of the number of species - buttercup is a true champion - Of the 23 species of this plant, all buttercup flowers are poisonous. Contact of the plant with the skin can cause severe dermatitis, and the likely outcome of ingestion will be fatal. In antiquity, the buttercup was a symbol of unfriendly teasing and served as the emblem of the formidable war god Ares, and in In ancient Rus', the buttercup was considered a flower thunderer Perun . And according to one Christian legend, fleeing from the Archangel Michael, Satan hid among the thickets of buttercup, which is why the flower became so evil. In the Ottoman Empire, buttercup leaves were widely used in greenhouses and became a symbol of the greatness of the sultans.

17. Lily of the valley

This plant from the lily family, despite its modest appearance, has won the hearts of all many nations. Since ancient times, the medicinal properties of lily of the valley have been widely known. In medieval Europe it became a symbol of medicine. However, lily of the valley is completely poisonous. Few people know that this plant produces bright red, appetizing-looking fruits in the fall, which, if eaten, can cause serious poisoning. There are even cases with fatal, when by accident the water in which there was a bouquet of lilies of the valley was drunk.

Small snow-white, graceful lily of the valley flowers, similar to magic bells, exude a subtle exquisite aroma, which leaves no one indifferent. In terms of the number of legends and myths, it is unlikely that it will have competitors. In the Christian legend, lilies of the valley grew from the tears of Mary that fell to the ground as she mourned her crucified son. In Russian legends and epics, the lily of the valley is associated with the appearance of the sea princess Rusalka. Fairytale hero Sadko rejected the love of the sea maiden for the earthly love of Lyubava. The bitter tears of the sea princess sprouted into delicate and slightly sad flowers - lilies of the valley, intoxicating with their scent. Little Russian legends talk about this. that lily of the valley flowers appeared from the happy laughter of Mavka in love, and scattered like white pearls throughout the forest. IN Western Europe It was believed that lily of the valley flowers serve as lanterns for gnomes, and miniature elves hide under lily of the valley flowers from the rain. Lily of the valley flowers are still loved today. In France, on the first Sunday in May, the lily of the valley holiday is celebrated, and the Finns even consider it their national flower.