Description and distribution places of the beautiful spider web. Triumphal cobweb mushroom - Cortinarius triumphans Triumphal cobweb mushroom how to prepare it correctly
Cobwebs (Cortinarius) are a fairly extensive genus of fungi, numbering more than 40 species in our country alone, and throughout the world this figure crosses the two thousandth threshold. Most of their representatives are inedible, and some are even deadly poisonous. The name of some types of these mushrooms speaks for itself: just look at the superb cobweb or the elegant cobweb. In other words, they are also called marshlands or ringed caps.
Brief description and habitat
Cobwebs are lamellar mushrooms. Their main distinctive feature may well be bright color. They are found in purple, bright yellow, dark red, terracotta and other colors. Some species names came precisely because of this characteristic: purple webwort, crimson webwort, watery-blue webwort, and others. And the name of the entire genus of mushrooms was given by the cobwebby film like a blanket enveloping its representatives. The web cover is clearly visible in young mushrooms: it connects the stem and the edges of the cap. And in mature representatives, the thin film breaks as it grows and becomes like a cobweb entangling the stem of the mushroom. Some of its threads hang from the cap, but for the most part they remain in the lower part of the stem in the form of a cobwebby ring. These mushrooms are very similar to each other and only experienced mushroom pickers can distinguish one type of cobweb from another.
All representatives of this genus have a round cap that becomes flat as it grows, often raised in the middle. To the touch it is smooth, fibrous, less often scaly. There may be either a mucous surface of the cap or a dry one. The pulp is fleshy, thin, often white, but can also be multi-colored. The plates are frequent, descending, and the leg is cylindrical, sometimes thickened at the base. Remnants of a cobwebby blanket will always be visible on it. It practically matches the color of the surface of the cap, sometimes it may differ only in the intensity of the shade. The spore powder of mushrooms is usually yellow or brown-yellow in color. In general, cobwebs are very similar to, so it is quite difficult to confuse them with edible mushrooms.
These mushrooms love moist, swampy soil. They can often be found near the outskirts of swamps, which is why they received the name “swamplanders”. Cobwebs grow in deciduous and mixed forests, and are less commonly observed in coniferous forests. This is a widespread genus. Their habitat is European part Russia, Siberia, Far East, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan. In Europe, they are often found in Austria, Italy, Great Britain, Belgium, France, Finland, Switzerland, Romania, Latvia and Estonia. You can also find them in the USA and Japan. However, although they are so ubiquitous, they are quite rare mushrooms. Some of their species, for example, purple cobweb, are listed in the Red Book Russian Federation and other regions.
Beneficial features
Despite the fact that some of the types of spider webs are poisonous, this does not reduce the content of valuable substances in them that have practical use in medicine. Some of the representatives of this genus are used as raw materials for the manufacture of dyes. Mostly brown or ocher colored mushrooms are used for this purpose.
Edible and conditionally edible representatives are successfully used for culinary purposes, having previously undergone additional processing in the form of long-term boiling with frequent replacement of water. In cooking, such types of mushrooms as watery blue cobweb, superb cobweb, purple cobweb, and yellow cobweb are often used.
These are the most common species eaten. There are others, but many of them are useless and have no taste value. Be that as it may, even well-known species should only be collected by experienced mushroom pickers.
Types of spider webs used in cooking can be consumed boiled, salted, fried, pickled, or canned. The various first and second courses with it are incomparable. Many experts say that these mushrooms have a nutty flavor.
Fried spider web recipe
For preparation you will need:
- edible or conditionally edible spider webs – 500 grams;
- flour - 4 tablespoons;
- vegetable oil – 3 tablespoons;
- greenery.
Initially, fresh mushrooms need to be thoroughly boiled, changing repeatedly. Then cut them into small pieces. Place in a preheated frying pan and fry until almost done. Then pour flour into the mushrooms and continue cooking. The top of the dish can be decorated with herbs and served. It is best consumed hot.
Types of mushrooms and medicinal properties
The most known species of this kind are:
- yellow spiderwort or triumphal marshweed – edible;
- purple spider web – conditionally edible;
- orange cobweb – conditionally edible;
- purple spider web – conditionally edible;
- shiny cobweb - poisonous;
- bracelet web - edible;
- Variable cobweb – conditionally edible;
- brown cobweb – conditionally edible;
- smeared cobweb – conditionally edible;
- superb cobweb - edible;
- straight spider web – conditionally edible;
- red-olive cobweb - inedible;
- Gossamer webwort – conditionally edible;
- Scaly cobweb is inedible.
Some representatives of this genus are considered poisonous mushrooms, but this does not reduce their medicinal properties.
Red cobweb
A red or blood-reddish mushroom, classified as poisonous. It bears a close resemblance to the inedible purple spider web. It has pronounced antiseptic properties. The substances included in its composition prevent the development of tuberculous mycobacteria. Found in coniferous forests. Loves moist, mossy soil. Fruits from July to September.
Bracelet web plant
It has a yellow-brown or brown-red color; with age, the terracotta color predominates and becomes more saturated. Resembles the triumphal cobweb. This conditionally edible mushroom, used in cooking only after careful pre-treatment. IN medicinal purposes used as an antiseptic. It forms mycorrhiza only with birch. Picky in choosing soil - prefers a swampy, acidic environment. Fruits from July to early October.
The color of the mushroom is multifaceted: from grayish-green to black-olive with brown and brown impurities. It is quite similar to many representatives of this species, from which it differs in the absence of odor, very bitter taste and black color of the plates. The alkaloids included in its composition, in laboratory studies, showed good results when inhibiting acetylcholinesterase - which is one of the main types of therapy for Alzheimer's disease and other memory disorders. This mushroom is considered poisonous. Found mainly in deciduous and mixed forests, loves calcareous soils. Forms mycorrhiza with oak and beech. Fruits from July to October.
Gossamer's web
Pale lilac, becoming ocher-white with age. It is similar to camphor spiderweed, which has the same unpleasant specific odor. From rare species– violet cobweb – differs in the rusty color of the plates, from the white-violet representative – in a more saturated color, from the violet row – in a strong repulsive aroma and a tangled, abundant blanket. The mushroom is inedible. Eating it is not recommended. IN medical purposes has pronounced antibacterial properties. An antibiotic, inolomine, was identified in its composition.
Harm and dangerous properties
Some types of spider webs are very toxic and poisonous. They are most dangerous because signs of poisoning may appear after several days or even weeks, since they contain delayed-acting toxins. Their venom is very harmful to the kidneys; with its help, a disease such as acute interstitial nephritis can develop. Even irreversible changes in the structure of the kidneys and death. According to statistics, for every seven cases of poisoning, one is fatal.
Characteristic signs of spiderweb poisoning are burning and dry mouth, severe thirst followed by vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps. Often accompanied by headache and pain in the lumbar region. Even if you notice the symptoms in time and consult a doctor, recovery and treatment will take quite a long time.
In order to protect yourself, it is important to remember the first rule of a mushroom picker: if there are doubts about the edibility or inedibility of a mushroom, then it is generally accepted that it is obviously poisonous. In general, it’s better not to take risks and entrust the collection of spider webs to specialists who can confidently distinguish good mushroom from its poisonous brother.
By the way, when preparing good edible mushrooms, it is worth remembering that violations in technology and non-compliance with processing rules can lead to severe poisoning and tragic consequences.
Providing first aid for poisoning
Any type of poisoning requires immediate medical attention until the ambulance arrives. It is advisable not to transport the patient to the clinic, since some toxins can cause disruption of the cardiovascular system.
Before the doctor arrives, you should:
- put the patient to bed;
- perform repeated gastric lavage;
- drink a laxative to remove poison from the intestines;
- do a cleansing enema.
In case of poisoning, severe dehydration of the body occurs, so it is recommended to feed the patient with saline solutions, for example, rehydron. Give the victim cool, strong teas or just salted water. For calf cramps, which often occur precisely because of dehydration, you can put mustard plasters on your shin.
If everything was done correctly and the danger is noticed on early stage, then after such measures, the victim can already feel an improvement in his condition after 2-3 hours.
But this is not a reason to refuse hospitalization if recommended by a doctor.
conclusions
Cobwebs are quite rare and mostly dangerous mushrooms. But this does not stop some gourmets from collecting various representatives of this genus for culinary purposes. Many of them have an interesting taste and are quite often eaten after pre-processing.
Before preparing a dish of spider webs, they need to be thoroughly boiled, changing the water several times. However, only experienced mushroom pickers will be able to cope with such an impossible task as determining which type of cobweb mushroom a particular mushroom belongs to.
The thing is that they are very similar to each other and an ignorant person can quite easily confuse an edible representative with its dangerous toxic relative.
Cobwebs are very dangerous due to the slow-acting toxins they contain. Poisoning by these mushrooms does not appear immediately, but after a fairly long period of time, which can be up to 14 days.
In some cases, they lead to pathological changes in the body, and sometimes even to death. In case of mushroom poisoning, the victim should immediately provide first aid in the form of gastric and intestinal lavage, and also provide plenty of fluids to avoid dangerous dehydration.
But even the most poisonous mushrooms do not lose their medicinal properties. They contain substances from which, with the right technology in the laboratory, it is possible to extract various components used to create antibiotics and various other drugs.
In fact, the cobweb is a rather valuable mushroom, but it is valued mainly for its medical properties. Its taste and culinary properties are not particularly popular. Spider webs are quite rare and little-known mushrooms, therefore, it is better not to take risks and refuse to eat them in favor of other edible, more tasty and well-known representatives.
Written by Nikolay Budnik and Elena Mekk.
The triumphal cobweb is the most delicious of all cobwebs. It is named so (in our opinion) because of its golden-yellow color - like the golden wreath of the triumphant generals of Ancient Rome.
We couldn’t find this mushroom for a long time and now we understand why. On Uloma Zheleznaya there are mainly peat, sandy, sandy loam soils. There are also clay ones, but we rarely walk in the forests where they grow. And the triumphant spider loves calcareous clay soils. There it is found in abundance in some places.
Triumphant cobwebs can be fried, pickled, and dried. In the marinade, these mushrooms remain light, firm, and beautiful.
1. The triumphant cobweb is considered the best of the cobwebs.
2. They say that it looks like a golden bun.
3. Indeed, its golden color cannot be confused with anything.
4. Sometimes mushrooms grow in huge quantities.
5. We know one very prolific mycelium.
6. We once found 103 mushrooms around one Christmas tree.
7. We found the first triumphal spider webs in early August,...
8. ...and the last ones in mid-October.
9. This mushroom with a wavy cap has already grown in October.
10. Triumphal cobweb is also known as yellow marsh grass.
11. Indeed, it grows in damp places.
12. This is often mixed forest, in which Christmas trees predominate.
13. These spruces are usually old.
14. But in any case, mushrooms love clay soil...
15. ...presence of birches.
16. Here is a typical forest for the growth of these mushrooms.
18. Triumphal cobweb is a large mushroom.
19. This the average size hats.
20. And the mushroom has considerable height.
21. The whole thing gives the impression of a weighty and strong mushroom.
22. The cap of the web spider is a triumphant golden yellow color.
23. Its middle is usually always darker.
24. The hat is smooth,...
25. ...sticky in wet weather.
26. Remnants of the bedspread are sometimes visible at its edges.
27. This is how the cap fits to the stem.
28. The mushroom plates look very neat.
29. At first they are covered with a cobwebby blanket.
30. The color of the plates of young mushrooms is almost white.
31. With age, the veil disappears...
32. ...the plates acquire a clayey tint.
33. This is how they are attached to the leg.
34. Let's take a closer look at this.
35. The stem of the mushroom is slightly lighter than the cap.
36. It often thickens towards the lower part.
37. There are, of course, such skinny-legged specimens.
38. The leg narrows towards the very base.
39. This mushroom has an unusual and thick leg.
40. Shaggy torn red bands are visible on the leg.
41. Usually there are three of them.
42. The inside of the leg is solid.
43. Its middle often seems to be softer than the edges.
44. The flesh of the mushroom is thick and strong.
45. But often the leg is wormy.
46. Here you can clearly see the “shaggy things” on the stem of the mushroom.
47. And the hats are most often clean and strong.
48. These mushrooms have already survived the frost.
49. The triumphal cobweb is good both in appearance and in taste.
Why this mushroom is called that is probably only clear to mycologists. The most beautiful cobweb is far from the most beautiful representative of the mushroom kingdom. Besides, he is very dangerous, and it is better to avoid him when meeting him. What does it look like and where does it grow?
The most beautiful cobweb (Cortinarius rubellus or Cortinarius speciosissimus), belonging to the family Cobweb, genus Cobweb, has another name - reddish cobweb. The common people used to call him also a marshman. This is a dangerous and poisonous lamellar mushroom.
- The cap is medium-sized, quite thick, with a diameter of 3 to 8 cm (in some cases it grows up to 10 cm). Bell-shaped or conical - in young fruiting bodies, and flattened-convex with a central tubercle, acute or blunt - in adults. The surface is finely scaly and dry to the touch. The skin color is brown-red, orange-red, brown, depending greatly on climatic conditions and weather. The peculiarity of this web spider is the existence of two of its subspecies. The first has a cap with a darker center, from which concentric circles of a reddish hue radiate. Towards the edge of the cap its color becomes lighter. The second, on the contrary, has a lighter center, pinkish-red, and the concentric circles extending from it are more dark color, but the edges are always lighter;
- the leg is dense, from 5 to 12 cm high, 5-15 mm thick. Cylindrical, sometimes thickens towards the lower part, forming a club-shaped base. The surface color is orange-brown; in the lower part of the leg there are ochre-colored rims - these are the remains of a bedspread. In mature mushrooms they are almost invisible. The surface is distinctly fibrous;
- the pulp is tasteless and yellow or orange in color. It has a radish smell, which in some cases may be absent;
- the plates are relatively dense, adherent to the stem. Their color ranges from orange to brown, and can be rusty brown in mature webworts;
- spores in the shape of a wide ellipse, almost spherical, warty. They have a rusty brown color.
Distribution and fruiting period
The beautiful spider web is widespread and quite common in the northern regions with temperate climate. Widely known in Europe, in the north and central part of Russia. Grows in coniferous, mixed, swampy wet forests, often on acidic soils. Forms mycorrhiza with birch and spruce trees.
This type of spider plant bears fruit from the end of May until September. Found both in groups and alone.
Similar species
The beautiful spider web can be confused with the dangerous and poisonous mountain spider web (Cortinarius orellanus). However, these two species can be distinguished by the rings on the leg - in the mountain, the remains of the bedspread in the form of red rims at the base are not visible. Yes, and he grows in deciduous forests near beech and oak trees.
Also, the hero of our article can easily be confused by an inexperienced mushroom picker with the straight web spider (Cortinarius collinitus). It does not smell like radish and has a straight, light-colored stem. This is an edible mushroom, and therefore you need to be very careful when collecting - a mistake can cost you your health.
In general, it is important to note that almost all spider webs are easy to confuse with each other - they are very similar.
Virulence
The most beautiful web spider is deadly poisonous mushroom. It contains orellanins - substances that can cause irreversible changes in kidney tissue. They can lead to death, which sometimes overtakes a person 5 months after eating this type of spider web.
Orellanins act very slowly and gradually cause the development of renal failure. There are also other toxic compounds present in mushrooms - benzonine, cortinarine and others. Signs of cobweb poisoning appear only 3-14 days after eating mushrooms - thirst, burning and dry mouth. The person's condition is deteriorating very quickly. It is necessary to call doctors immediately.
Moreover, it is important to know that representatives of this species, even after thorough cooking or drying, still remain poisonous. And treatment after spider web poisoning sometimes lasts more than one month.
It is interesting that until the 60s of the 20th century, the beautiful cobweb was considered a completely harmless mushroom - it was eaten. But when a number of poisonings were registered in Poland (and some of them were fatal), scientists determined that it was this species that caused them. Therefore, when you meet him, just leave the “handsome guy” where he is.
Kira Stoletova
The mushroom called yellow cobweb is also called triumphal cobweb or golden cobweb. It is eaten and sometimes used as a medicine.
Description of the mushroom
Regardless of the stage of its growth, the mushroom always looks the same. Its description:
- the hat is painted in a dark shade yellow color, has a hemispherical shape, diameter – 5-12 cm;
- the flesh of the cap has a mushroom smell and bitter taste;
- inside the mushroom is without veins, the color of the flesh is cream;
- the hymenophore plates located at the bottom of the cap are dark and can stain the skin of the hands when touched;
- the mushroom stalk is greatly expanded at the base, which makes it stable;
- the color of the leg is yellow with pale veins;
- the length of the leg can reach 15 cm and has a cross-section of 1-2.5 cm.
For your information. The pulp of the triumphal cobweb has no special smell or taste, but upon contact with an alkali (for example, KOH) it turns yellow.
The color range of the mushroom is common - it is worth inspecting it carefully to make sure there is no mistake. Many inedible mushrooms Red and purple spider webs, for example, look similar.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Despite its fairly wide distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation, the triumphal spider plant is included in the Red Book of Moscow and the Moscow region. Here it is classified into category 2 - a rare species in Moscow. In 2010, representatives of the species were discovered in Kurkino - on the Antenna fields near the Verkhnebratovsky swamp. It is believed that most likely the species is confined to damp and mossy places, which is why it received the specific name, a synonym for marshland.
Limiting (limiting) factors for the Moscow region on this moment for mycologists are not clear, but in relation to Moscow everything is more or less clear and rests on the limited area of birch forests (both damp and drier) located near the watershed swamps.
The species was first described in 1838 by the Swedish mycologist and botanist Elias Magnus Fries, who included it in the genus Cobweb, to which the species belongs to this day.
The yellow web spider has no subspecies. Its color differs depending on the territory in which it grew. The mushroom acquires a dark color due to high humidity.
This type of autinnik grows in places with high humidity And big amount precipitation.
For its growth it is necessary deciduous trees: Their fallen leaves provide fertilizer for mushrooms. The fungus is a widespread mycorrhiza-former in Eurasia and prefers to enter into symbiotic relationships with representatives of the silver birch species to form fungal roots.
Beneficial features
According to the description, now yellow spiderwort is not used in folk medicine, but has been proven to have strong antiseptic properties. It was no longer used as a medicine because, due to its color, it could easily be confused with some poisonous mushroom.
Tincture of cobwebs perfectly relieves the feeling of heaviness in the stomach and stops vomiting in case of poisoning.
Contraindications
You should be careful when using the product. It has a number of contraindications. It is not recommended to use it in the following cases:
- elevated blood glucose levels;
- cardiovascular diseases;
- pregnancy and lactation;
- diseases of the large intestine.
Also, the consumption of mushrooms is prohibited for children and the elderly: their bodies do not have enzymes to digest this type of mushroom (in children they have not yet become so necessaryly active due to immaturity digestive system, but in the elderly - due to the aging of the body and, accordingly, age-related changes in all organ systems). Eating the mushroom is undesirable during pregnancy: its effect on a woman’s body has not been fully studied.
Application
The harvest season for yellow spider webs occurs during the growth period of more edible and healthy mushrooms, so mushroom pickers usually avoid them.
Yellow spider webs are rarely used in cooking, as different sources interpret its edibility differently. If on the territory of the Russian Federation many mushroom pickers consider the triumphal cobweb to be the most delicious cobweb, then representatives of foreign sources have a diametrically opposite opinion about this type of mushroom - it is considered as a typically inedible mushroom. Also, the recipes by which it is prepared are not so common.
Knowledgeable people use yellow spiderwort for poisoning or if a natural antiseptic becomes necessary.
Self-medication using this cobweb is strictly prohibited, since the mushroom has a list of contraindications. There are also age restrictions for its use: the body may not have enzymes that facilitate the absorption of the product.
The best of the web-slingers. Triumphant web spider - Cortinarius triumphans
Delicious edible spider mushroom triumphal (yellow).
Mushroom season. Cobweb
Conclusion
Yellow spiderwort can be eaten if you are sure of its authenticity. Inexperienced mushroom pickers should not collect these mushrooms, since their color and shape are similar to those inherent in the part poisonous species features of the external structure.
Children, pregnant women, nursing mothers and the elderly are strictly prohibited from consuming these mushrooms in any form.
The presented variety of mushrooms grows in huge abundance. What does this mean for fans? quiet hunt? Everything is quite simple - if you managed to find one specimen, nearby you will find another colony of sun-drenched mushrooms. Therefore, you will definitely not be left without a harvest. This variety is valued for taste qualities and a row beneficial properties. They are loved not only by avid mushroom pickers, but also by true connoisseurs who know everything about the yellow spider web.
Description
- The apex grows up to 10 cm in diameter. In young animals it is shaped like a hemisphere. Over time and, as a result, the growth of the mushroom, the hat becomes more even with some bulges. She is compared to a pillow. A kind of cobweb remains on the surface of the mushroom all the time.
- The hat is pigmented with a golden yellow color mixed with brown tone. In the middle part, orange inclusions are noticeable; they become darker towards the edge of the surface. The soft part has a compacted structure and is colored white-yellowish.
- The plates are subtle and practically invisible. They are brownish or cream in color. They become more brown as the mushrooms grow. The plates of old specimens are dull and quite dark.
- As for the base, it grows up to 12 cm in height. It may be a little higher, but this is an average and common value. The diameter of the leg fluctuates around 2-3 cm. In the lower part of the base, a compaction is noticed, which goes away with age.
- This variety is allowed to be eaten. But opinions on this matter vary. Foreign experts classify cobwebs as unsuitable mushrooms for food, while our compatriots collect them in abundance and store them for future use.
Features of the workpiece
- The presented species of the mushroom family has poisonous varieties. But this is not the type under discussion because it is eaten and used for medicinal purposes. If we consider, for example, ocher or brown spiderwort, then these mushrooms are used in the production of dyes.
- The yellow representative of the species is classified as edible. It requires pre-treatment, which consists of long-term digestion with frequent changes of water. In the culinary world, this variety is successfully used for first/second courses, appetizers, twists, etc.
- The superb, watery-blue, purple spider webs are also edible relatives. They are the most valuable, but there are others that are of no use. Experienced mushroom pickers give advice to beginners: do not collect these varieties if you are not sure.
- As for the form of consumption of this type, they prefer to first boil it for a long time. This is followed by frying, stewing, twisting, marinating, salting and other manipulations that are closer to you.
Harm
- It is also worth mentioning that some types of fruits in question can be very dangerous and poisonous. The problem is that signs of poisoning may only appear after a few days. In some cases, even weeks pass. The bottom line is that such mushrooms contain toxins that slowly poison a person.
- The dangerous poison begins to have a detrimental effect on the kidneys. As a result, a person may eventually develop a disease in the form of acute interstitial nephritis. In rare cases, there may even be death due to irreversible changes in the structure of the kidneys. According to statistics, when poisoned, 30% of people do not survive.
- Often the most common signs of poisoning from similar fruits are dryness and burning in the mouth. You may also experience nausea, vomiting, extreme thirst, and abdominal cramps. In addition, poisoning is often accompanied by pain in the lumbar region and severe migraine.
- Even if you pay attention to the symptoms of poisoning in time, professional treatment and subsequent recovery will be quite long. To avoid this kind of thing, you must adhere to some rules.
- Any mushroom picker knows that if doubts creep in whether a fruit is edible or not, it is better to classify it as conditionally poisonous. Don't rip it off. Collecting cobwebs is best left to professional mushroom pickers. Only experts will be able to accurately distinguish a poisonous mushroom from an edible one.
Most mushroom pickers avoid yellow web spiders. This happens because during such a period many edible fruiting bodies appear, which cannot be confused with poisonous ones. As for edibility, it is prepared quite rarely. The fruits in question require special preparatory measures. You should not collect and try such mushrooms if you are not a professional mushroom picker.
Video: yellow spider web (Cortinarius armeniacus)