Rules of communication: ethics of communication with different people. Age-related characteristics of communication

An important socio-psychological problem is the problem of satisfaction in communication. The general integral criterion is the number of needs that a person experiences in the process of interaction with another. Among the variety of needs, the satisfaction of which is assumed by the communication process itself, the need for stimulation, events, recognition, achievement and recognition, and time structuring are highlighted (M. E. Litvak). In addition, it is important to take into account the characteristics of the interlocutor himself, which will manifest themselves in communication.

Dominant interlocutor. He is determined to influence: if he is physically strong, he will make you timid, if he is smart, he will leave the impression of a superior mind. A tough, assertive person. He interrupts easily, raising his voice, but does not allow you to interrupt him. Decisive, it is easy for him to end a conversation mid-sentence. As strengths One can note his ability to make decisions and take responsibility for what is happening. When communicating with a dominant interlocutor, it is necessary to give him the opportunity to reveal his dominance. Calmly stick to your own point of view, while avoiding making fun of him." power moves", otherwise there may be a quarrel.

Non-dominant interlocutor. Compliant, easily lost, does not allow himself to interrupt his interlocutor. Needs encouragement, encouragement not with words, but with a look. He tends to shift decisions to others, so in communication it is necessary to make him feel confident in his own abilities and in making his decisions.

Mobile interlocutor. He easily switches to communication from other activities. His speech is fast, even hurried, one expression is easily replaced by another. Saying goodbye to him is as easy as getting into conversation. When communicating with a mobile interlocutor, you need to adapt to his pace, constantly slowing down the speed and frequency of your own remarks. Now you can return to the beginning of the conversation and clarify what was unclear.

Rigid interlocutor. Rigidity is a personal trait that is expressed in difficulty (up to complete inability) to change the intended program of activity in conditions that objectively require its restructuring. It takes a rigid person some time to engage in a conversation. He speaks slowly, thoughtfully, and expresses his thoughts in detail. It is impossible to say goodbye to him right away; he definitely needs to put everything “on the shelves.” If the interlocutor is rigid, be patient and listen to him carefully.

Extrovert. Extraversion is a personality’s orientation towards the world of external objects. An extrovert is inclined to communicate as a form of activity. Whether it's easy or hard, he needs someone to talk to. He can appeal to absolutely to a stranger. The same faces weigh on him; he needs variety. If the conversation is positive, then he builds the dialogue in such a way that you part on a note of warmth and mutual understanding. In case of a quarrel, he does not keep a stone in his bosom. When communicating with an extrovert, try not to disturb the atmosphere of mutual sympathy. His excessive curiosity and superficiality are best smoothed out with the help of gentle irony.

Introvert. Introversion is a personality’s orientation toward one’s own inner world. Introverts are characterized by unsociability and isolation (“they still can’t understand me”). He is all to himself, does not like daily meetings and conversations on personal topics. Topics of creative, philosophical and of a business nature he is more attracted. When communicating with an introvert, avoid familiarity and any personal topics. When discussing professional or abstract issues, be prepared for long pauses.

It is not enough for people to only have good and stable relationships with each other. What is needed is social interest, a certain dynamics of life that brings new impressions. A person’s perception is aimed at some changes, new situations. Therefore, too static, unchanged relationships between people, devoid of dynamics and not accompanied by certain events, dry up over time.

A positive factor in communication is belonging to the same social class, age category and the presence of common interests.

conclusions

• 1. Communication is a complex, multifaceted process of establishing and developing contacts between people, generated by the needs for joint activities and including the exchange of information, the development of a unified interaction strategy, people’s perception and understanding of each other.
• 2. Communication has always been considered as a multifunctional process. The main functions of communication: pragmatic, formative, confirmatory, “interpersonal”, intrapersonal.
• 3. Depending on the characteristics of communication, various types of communication are distinguished: based on contact with the interlocutor, communication can be direct and indirect, interpersonal or mass, role-playing and personal; by contact time, short-term or long-term; by the level of information transmission verbal and non-verbal.
• 4. Levels of communication are determined by the general culture of interacting objects, their individual and personal characteristics, features of the situation, social control, value orientations of those communicating, their attitude towards each other. The following levels of communication are distinguished: phatic (simple exchange of remarks), informational (exchange of meaningful information), personal (spiritual level of comprehension of the essence of another person and oneself).
• 5. Among the diversity social needs, the satisfaction of which is assumed by the process of communication itself, highlight the needs for stimulation, events, recognition, achievements and recognition, and time structuring.
• 6. The ability to find optimal ways of communication, leading to the development of friendly relationships, characterizes a person’s sociability. Sociability is a personality quality that determines verbal activity in interaction with other people.
• 7. Among the variety of human needs from the communication process itself, one can highlight the need for stimulation, events, recognition, achievements and recognition, and time structuring. It is important to take into account the characteristics of the interlocutor himself, which will manifest themselves in communication: dominance or non-dominance, mobility or rigidity, extroversion or introversion.

Communication psychology is the science of interpersonal communications between people. The materials in the section on the psychology of communication prove that without communication, interaction between people is impossible.

What is the psychology of communication? Every successful man and a developed personality cannot live without communication. Next we will talk about how to successfully and effectively organize communication between people.

Man is a social being, therefore communication is an integral part of his life. With communication skills, we can adapt in society, but often minimal skills are not enough. They require constant development and improvement.

First you need to understand the concept of “psychology of communication,” which basically implies the features and types of communication, as well as the definitions of all the concepts that contribute to achieving a successful result in working on this task.

The essence of communication and its purpose

When starting a conversation in one form or another, people must clearly understand the purpose for which it is being conducted and what the predicted results of the conversation should be.

The concept of communication in psychology implies a certain classification of the latter:

• Friendly
• intimate
• Business conversation.

The last type, at first glance, is considered the most planned type of conversation. But this type of communication often turns out to be meaningless.

According to psychologists, any communication cannot begin if there is no reason for it. As a rule, they are generated subconsciously, and the basis for the success of any communication is the awareness of the motives that drive us in this case.

To understand these motives, we need to pay attention to the need for communication, which stems from our basic needs.

Before the need arises to talk with someone, you need to ask yourself why. As soon as you answer this question for yourself, then the principle of constructing a future dialogue, and its logical parts, and even possible results.

Features of communication

The structure of communication in psychology is analyzed by different psychologists. Each offers its own principle of classification.
By goals and means:

1. Essentially the content
2. According to the diversity of goals
3. By means of communication used

The first type is divided into:

• material communication;
• cognitive;
• active;
• conditioned;
• motivational.

Communication in terms of goals can be biological or social, and in terms of means - direct (when the senses are involved), indirect (the use of some means); direct (personal contacts) and indirect (communication involving second parties).

Speech communication, according to psychologist B. Lomov, is divided into three main levels:

1. Macro level. When analyzing this level, we take into account psychological condition person in separately selected periods of time. The relationship between an individual and a group is analyzed.
2. Mesa level. The structure of communication in this case is considered as a logically completed situation, which, in principle, can change, and a person is considered in it at certain time intervals.
3. Micro level. It is aimed at analyzing the minimum units of communication, which are considered as “question-answer”.

The functions of communication in psychology also have several types of classifications, but they can be summarized by combining them into the main six:

1. Intrapersonal, when a person leads internal dialogue, that is, he communicates with himself.
2. Function of formation and development: when the partner is able to influence the interlocutor.
3. Pragmatic.
4. A function that allows you to transfer and separate the necessary information by degree of importance.
5. Structuring and maintaining interpersonal connections, that is, the ability to build relationships between people.
6. Confirmation function (you need not only to recognize yourself, but also to believe in yourself)

Features of the psychology of communication also lie in the analysis types of communication, of which there are several:

1. Primitive, communication in which only implies communication according to the principle of human necessity. As soon as a person gets what he wants, communication with the communication partner stops.
2. Formal, the essence of which is the use of “masks” instead of real emotions.
3. Formal role-based, which is based on the relationship of social roles.
4. Manipulative, the main task of which is to obtain benefits from one of the partners.
5. Secular, in which there is no specific subject of communication.
6. Spiritual, which is based on the interests of the case, but at the same time takes into account the mood and emotions of the interlocutor.

Types of communication in psychology also have several classifications, but they help establish the essence of contact with people or an individual.

Components of communication

Communication includes many components, which can be divided into three main components:

1. Exchange of information.
2. Exchange of actions.
3. Perception and evaluation of a partner.

Working harmoniously, all three sides of communication entail joint activities people, capable of improving their qualities and developing them.

Psychology and ethics of communication have their own characteristics, taking into account which, it is possible to organize the communication process and achieve the goals that have been set:

• The ability to speak correctly.
  Communication itself begins with the realization that the interlocutor may understand you differently than you planned. In order to avoid this, you need to correctly formulate your thoughts, using your voice timbre, tone, emotionality and other qualities.
• Understanding.
  When communicating, you need to be as clear and expressive as possible, because it is much more pleasant to communicate with a person who is open and willing to engage in dialogue.

Some communication tricks

The psychology of communicating with people also includes several tricks that will help build communication at the proper level:

1. Franklin effect
   Franklin is considered an extraordinary and unusual person who knew how to manipulate people. So, by politely asking him to borrow some thing, he thus guaranteed a favor for himself in return.
2. Ask for more than is required
   Ask the person for something that far exceeds your needs. Having refused, a person will have a certain sense of duty, therefore, when he hears a real, but for him, simplified request, he will happily agree.
3. Mimicry (reflection)
   This concept is based on the fact that copying the gestures and facial expressions of the interlocutor improves the communication process. Psychological research they say that it is human nature to sympathize with those who are similar to them.
4. Names
   Dale Carnegie noted that the most pleasant sound for a person is the sound of his name.
5. Listening skills
   According to the principles of psychology, in communication there is no need to point out a person’s shortcomings. If you want to influence the situation in some way, next time find some similarities in your opinions and try to start the conversation again with agreement. Then the interlocutor will no longer shy away from continuing the conversation.
6. Rephrase what the other person told you
   This is one of the main guarantees of building friendly relations. Or you can rephrase the phrase you just heard in the form of a question.

Thus, the main strategy of the concept of “communication psychology” was analyzed. It was briefly possible to analyze the principles and features of communication, highlight the basic concepts and show possible ways to successful interpersonal communication.

Communication with people is the broadcast of messages or exchange of data that occurs between individuals through specific communication tools such as speech or gestures. However, the concept of communication with people is much broader and covers human relationships, interaction social groups and even entire nations.

Communication between people is intended to establish contacts. None of the spheres of human life can function without communication. For effective communication it is necessary constant flow information in oral or written form. Such a flow must be mutually directed.

Psychology of communication with people

Ability to communicate competently and competently build different kinds contacts between individuals in modern world simply necessary. Every day people interact with each other. In the processes of interpersonal interactions, some individuals influence others and vice versa.

From the position psychological science, communication with other people will be successful and effective only if interests coincide. For comfortable interaction it is necessary that the interests of both parties coincide. Even a completely uncommunicative person, if you touch on a topic that interests him, will start talking.

For an effective and comfortable conversation, you need to learn to understand your communication partner and anticipate his possible reactions to specific statements. To this end, below are several simple techniques for successful communication between people.

There is a well-known technique called the Franklin effect, named after the famous American political leader who had considerable talents and was an extraordinary personality. In order to gain the trust of an individual with whom he could not find a common language and who did not treat him very well, Franklin borrowed a book from this man. After this incident, their relationship began to be friendly. The meaning of this behavior is as follows: he believes that since he was asked for something, then next time the person he helped will, if necessary, respond to his request. In other words, the individual who asked for the service becomes beneficial for the person who provided the service.

The next technique is called “the door directly to the forehead.” If something is required from the interlocutor, then you should ask him for more of what is needed. If you receive a refusal, then at the next meeting you can safely ask for it again. After all, the person who ignored your request will feel remorse and next time is unlikely to refuse when he hears a more reasonable offer.

The automatic repetition of the interlocutor’s movements and body position significantly increases communicative interaction. This is due to the fact that it is natural for a person to sympathize with people who are at least a little like him.

To create a friendly atmosphere during a conversation, you should definitely call your interlocutor by name. And in order for the communication partner to feel sympathy for the interlocutor, you need to call him your friend during the conversation.

Effective communication with different people does not imply pointing out to an individual his personal defects. Otherwise, you can only turn a person from a like-minded person into an ill-wisher. Even if you absolutely disagree with his point of view, you still need to try to find common ground and, with the next remark, begin the sentence with an expression of agreement.

Almost all individuals want to be listened to and heard, as a result of which, you need to win them over during a conversation, using reflective listening for this purpose. That is, it is necessary to periodically paraphrase the interlocutor’s messages during the communication process. This will help you build friendly relationships. It would be more effective to transform the heard remark into an interrogative sentence.

Rules for communicating with people

Communication with other people is considered one of the most important components of a successful life. In order for communicative interaction to be more effective, a number of simple rules, compliance with which will make communication with people comfortable, effective and efficient.

In any conversation, you need to remember that the key to its effectiveness is attention to the communication partner. It is from starting a conversation, maintaining it in given tone and harmonious conclusion depends on whether the speaker achieves the intended task or not. A person who pretends to listen, but in reality is only concerned with himself and inadvertently inserts remarks or answers questions, obviously makes an unfavorable impression on the interlocutor.

People are not always able to immediately and clearly formulate their thoughts. Therefore, if you notice any reservations, an incorrectly pronounced word or phrase in the speaker’s speech, then it would be better not to focus attention on them. This will give the other person the opportunity to feel more at ease with you.

People communicating with each other will be ineffective if the conversation is tinged with disdain. So, for example, a phrase like: “I was passing by and decided to stop by for a while” often hides indifference or even arrogance.

Since effective communication with people requires maintaining a certain rhythm of speech, you should not overdo it with monologues. We should not forget that each person has purely individual characteristics of speech and mental activity, therefore it is necessary to periodically use short pauses in a conversation.

Problems in communicating with people also depend on the dissimilarity in the communication styles of the strong and weak half of humanity. Gender differences between people are manifested in the meaning of their remarks, the form of non-verbal means used, such as facial expressions, gestures, etc. Women's speech is characterized by frequent apologies and questions at the end of remarks, the inability to accept compliments without objection, obvious emotional expressiveness, naturalness, the use of hints or indirect statements, use exclamation sentences and interjections, a more literate speech structure, a wide range of tones and their sharp changes, in a high voice and highlighting key phrases, a constant smile and accompanying movements.

Contrary to existing popular belief, the male half of humanity says more women. They tend to interrupt their interlocutor more often, are more categorical, try to control the topic of the dialogue, and more often use abstract nouns. Men's sentences are shorter than women's. Men use nouns more often of a specific nature and adjectives, and women are verbs.

Basic rules for communicating with people:

• in the process of communicative interaction, individuals should be treated in such a way that they can feel smart, interesting interlocutors and charming people;

• any conversation should be conducted without distractions; the interlocutor must feel that his communication partner is interested, so he needs to lower his intonation at the end of the replica, nod his head during communication;

• before answering your interlocutor, you should pause for a few seconds;

• the conversation must be accompanied by a sincere smile; People will instantly recognize a fake, insincere smile, and you will lose the favor of your interlocutor;

• we must remember that people who are confident in themselves and in what they say evoke unconditional sympathy in comparison with insecure individuals.

The art of communicating with people

It so happens that on the road of life you meet a wide variety of individuals - with some of them it is easy and pleasant to communicate, while with others, on the contrary, it is quite difficult and unpleasant. And since communication covers almost all spheres of people’s lives, learning to master the art of communicative interaction is a necessity of the realities of modern life.

A person who perfectly masters the art of communicative interaction always stands out among other individuals, and such differences apply only to positive aspects. It is much easier for such people to get a well-paid job, they move up the career ladder faster, fit into the team more easily, make new contacts and good friends.

Communication with strangers You should not start right away with serious and important topics. It's better to start with a neutral topic and gradually move on to more important things without feeling awkward.

It is also not recommended to talk about financial difficulties, problems in family matters or health. In general, communicating with strangers does not involve the use of personal topics. It’s also not worth talking about bad news. Since there is a possibility that the interlocutor may be alarmed by such a topic, as a result of which he will find a reason to avoid the conversation. No need to discuss appearance mutual friends during a conversation. Gossip will not increase your attractiveness in the eyes of others.

Being categorical in a conversation is also not encouraged. It will only alienate your interlocutors. It is not recommended to stubbornly affirm or deny anything. After all, an individual who is ready to defend his rightness in heated debates, even if he is one hundred percent sure of it, will be completely uninteresting as a communication partner. People will most likely try to avoid any interaction with such a person.

If a dispute ensues during the communication process, then you should not raise your tone when defending your point of view or giving arguments. It is always better to try not to lead communication with different people to controversial or conflict situations. When starting a conversation, you need to remember that the greatest respect will be earned by the interlocutor who knows how to convey his own thoughts concisely and clearly.

The art of communicating with people is as follows:

→ you should not ask about treatment methods or how to correctly formulate statements of claim with a doctor or lawyer who happens to be visiting; there is office time to get answers to your questions;

→ when a conversation begins and one of its participants tells a story or provides information that relates to the topic of the conversation, it is impolite to periodically glance at your watch, look in the mirror, or look for something in your bag or pockets; With this behavior you can confuse your interlocutor’s thoughts and show him that you are bored with his speech, i.e. just insult him;

→ communication with an unpleasant person implies, first of all, awareness; it is needed in order not to be captured by one’s own emotions in every case of intentional or unconscious provocation;

→ you must try to develop in yourself the ability to distance yourself from the current situation and look at it as if from the outside, without being emotionally involved in quarrels, conflicts or other undesirable actions.

If the person with whom you have to communicate is unpleasant to you, then you need to try to understand what about him irritates you and causes hostility. The psychology of subjects is structured in such a way that a person can act as a mirror for another. Usually, people notice in others the same shortcomings that are present in themselves. Therefore, if you notice that something in a person irritates you, then you should pay attention, first of all, to yourself. Maybe you also have these defects? After such an analysis, the individual who irritates you will no longer irritate you.

We should also not forget that there are no one hundred percent negative or completely positive personalities. Good and bad coexist in every person. Quite often, aggressive actions or defiant behavior of people indicate that they have internal problems and conflicts. Some individuals simply do not know how to behave differently, because this model of behavior was embedded in them in the family. Therefore, being angry with them is a stupid and useless activity that will only take away strength and disrupt spiritual harmony.

Communication with an unpleasant person should be perceived as a kind of lesson, every unpleasant person you meet along the way - as a teacher. And communication with a good man and a pleasant interlocutor will improve your mood, help relieve stress, and improve your emotional mood for the rest of the day. In general, you can gain knowledge and experience from any communication if you stop getting too emotionally involved in it.

Communication with older people

The need to communicate with people is especially evident in old age, when children and grandchildren have left their native land, their favorite job is left behind, and only viewing lies ahead. soap operas in the intervals between visits of relatives.

Aging causes a deterioration in general well-being in older individuals, as a result of which their self-esteem may decrease and their feelings of low value and dissatisfaction with themselves may increase. An elderly individual experiences an “identity crisis.” It is characterized by a feeling of being behind in life, a decrease in the ability to fully enjoy life. As a result, a desire for seclusion, pessimism, etc. may appear. In such cases, communication with a good person, or better yet a soul mate, will be indispensable.

In older individuals, one of the reasons for the distortion of communicative interaction is difficulties in perceiving and comprehending the received data, their heightened sensitivity to the behavior of their communication partner towards them, and decreased hearing. These features, and the problems that arise as a result of them in communicating with older people, must be taken into account.

To avoid misunderstandings when communicating with older people, it is recommended to take care to be properly heard and understood.

Communication with older people should avoid imposition own views and advice to older people, which will only cause a negative attitude on their part. They will perceive this as an encroachment on their own freedom, personal space and independence. In general, any imposition of one’s own position will only lead to sharp resistance from the interlocutor, as a result of which the effectiveness of communicative interaction will suffer.

To avoid conflict situations during interpersonal communication with older people, you should adhere to the following rules of behavior: do not use conflict agents and do not respond to conflict agents with them. Conflict triggers are words, phrases, positions or actions, manifestations of superiority that provoke the emergence of negative or conflict situation. These include orders, unconstructive criticism, ridicule, mockery, sarcastic remarks, categorical suggestions, etc.

Fear of communicating with people

Every individual has a need to communicate with people almost from the first days of life. However, for some individuals, due to incorrect family education, constant restrictions, hypertrophied dependence, various life situations, high or, conversely, low self-esteem, there is a fear of communicating with people. For some, such fear manifests itself only when interacting with strangers, for others - with everyone without exception.

Fear of communicating with people is considered the most common type of fear that interferes with a full life and self-realization. This type fear exists in many people. It is often caused by the need to invade the personal space of the interlocutor during a conversation. Since each person has his own distance for communicative interaction, when another person invades his personal space, the partner has an invisible barrier that prevents the emergence of communication.

Fear of communicative interaction leads to isolation, which aggravates the unsociability, unsociability and alienation of the individual. As a result, a person’s attitude towards the surrounding society changes. He begins to believe that he is not understood, not appreciated and paid enough attention.

There are several techniques that can help combat the fear of communicating with people. The first thing you need to do to overcome the fear of communicating with people is to understand the reason for the fear. To ensure effective communication and increase confidence, you need to try to broaden your own horizons and learn to set priorities.

Helps overcome the fear of communicating with people. Therefore, you need to remember and write down all your victories, achievements, results, gradually adding new ones, re-reading them every day.

It is hardly possible to imagine a person who lives in a society without communicating with other members of this society. Every day a person communicates with relatives, family, friends, colleagues and other people. However, some people, without any difficulties, can communicate with unfamiliar people, quickly convince their interlocutors that they are right, and during friendly meetings and even in unfamiliar company they are always in the center of events; hard for others to find mutual language even with those closest to you.

Psychology of communication with people is a branch of psychology that studies the characteristics different types communication and identifies patterns and rules, adhering to which, a person will be able to enjoy great popularity among opponents and avoid difficulties in communication. It is the psychology of communication that helps a person learn the rules and subtleties of successful communication with the environment.

When communicating with people, not only speech is important, but also non-verbal means: gestures, facial expressions, intonation, the way you speak also has great value. During mutual communication, people accept not only some facts, but also the emotional message of the speaker. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that the psychology of communication is based on the relationship between people, as a result of which one person influences another.

In order for a person to find a “common language” with his interlocutor, he needs to learn to master the following communication techniques:

1. Observation - when communicating with your interlocutor, note the features of his behavior, speech, clothing style, gestures, etc., because it is from these signs that you can draw certain conclusions about the person. Based on the conclusions drawn, it will be easy for you to adapt to your interlocutor and quickly start a conversation with him.
2. The best conversationalist is not the one who knows how to speak well, but the one who knows how to listen well.

Parable: “How important it is to listen correctly”

IN old times A certain king sent a messenger to the king of neighboring lands. The messenger was late and, hastily running into the throne room, out of breath from the fast ride, began to outline his master’s instructions: “ My lord... ordered me to tell you to give him... blue horse with a black tail... and if you don’t give such a horse, then...». « I don't want to listen anymore!“- the king interrupted the out of breath messenger. - " Report to your king that I don’t have such a horse, but if I did, then...»

Here he faltered, and the messenger, having heard these words from the king, who was a friend of his ruler, got scared, ran out of the palace, jumped on his horse and rushed back to report to his king about the daring answer. When the king heard such a report, he became terribly angry and declared war on the neighboring king. It lasted a long time - a lot of blood was shed, a lot of land was devastated - and it cost both sides dearly.

Finally, both kings, having exhausted the treasury and exhausted the troops, agreed to a truce to discuss their grievances against each other. When they began negotiations, the second king asked the first:

• What did you want to say with your phrase: “ Give me a blue horse with a black tail, and if you don’t, then...»?
• ...send a horse of a different color" That's all. What did you want to say with your answer: “ I don’t have such a horse, but if I did, then...»?
• ...would certainly send it as a gift to my good neighbor" That's all.

1. Sharpening your communication skills - by communicating with different people, both acquaintances and strangers, you develop communication skills, overcome barriers in communication. When starting a conversation with strangers (asking for directions, trying to get to know each other), you may unwittingly learn to adapt to your interlocutor.
2. Expanding your own horizons - someone who knows a lot of interesting and useful information, adapts to any topic, is up to date with the latest events, will probably interesting conversationalist in the eyes of other people.
3. The ability to “read” the emotions of your interlocutor and control your own emotions - most of information when communicating with an interlocutor is transmitted non-verbally, if you learn to distinguish the emotions of your interlocutor, this will be a huge plus for understanding and effective interaction with other people. I focus on the emotions and internal state of a person, and not just on his words, communication will be more successful.
4. Smile. Smiling people are considered to have better human qualities and, in general, seem more attractive. A smile shows the interlocutor that communicating with him is joy and pleasure.
5. Compliance with the rules of etiquette and norms accepted in society is one of the mandatory components of successful communication. The psychology of communication with people determines the norms of behavior and rules that must be adhered to when communicating, as they are accepted in wide circles of society.
6. Compliance with 6 recommendations in communicating with people, formed by the brilliant psychologist and sociologist D. Carnegie:
   • showing sincere interest in the interlocutor;
   • addressing the interlocutor by name;
   • a sincere and friendly smile when communicating;
   • the ability to choose a topic of conversation that will be interesting to the interlocutor;
   • the ability not only to speak, but also to listen;
   • sincere recognition of the importance of the interlocutor and his achievements.

Everyone can learn to overcome communication barriers and find the right approach if they study the psychology of communicating with people and use their own communication skills. It is sociable people who have a greater chance of achieving high achievements in various fields of activity.