Plants of Crimea - photos, names, descriptions listed in the Red Book. Flora of Crimea: names, photos and characteristics Rare plants and animals of the southern coast of Crimea
Not only residents of the peninsula, but also those who come to visit, should know the dangerous plants of Crimea. Every traveler, unknowingly, can pick a poisonous flower or eat a life-threatening berry.
Crimean nature is very beautiful, but to the same extent it can be dangerous if you do not know the dangerous plants of Crimea. We have already talked about some of them, this article lists ten of the most beautiful dangerous plants Crimea, which can lure with their wonderful flowers or bright berries.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - datura vulgare
Anyone who read Bazhov's fairy tales in childhood may remember the famous stone flower - an ideal bowl created by master Danil in the almost unattainable image of a datura flower.
Residents of Crimea have long appreciated its beauty. Common datura growing everywhere in Crimea local residents often used as an ornamental plant.
Even more often in Crimean gardens and parks you can find large white gramophones of the Indian datura. But this poisonous plant became famous not only for its beauty, but also for its other properties.
Alone popular names, which point to them, what they are worth: stupefying grass, crazy potion, drunkenness, crazy grass...
And all these names are well deserved, since the plant is poisonous and is a strong hallucinogen. Therefore, shamans and priests of some tribes and peoples, knowing safe dosages, took it to enter a trance.
In India there was even a profession - dope poisoner. The “professional” blew dope seed powder into the sniffling man’s nose through a pipe, which made him fall asleep even more deeply, and the thieves easily, without any obstacles, carried the property out of the house.
But, like many other well-known poisons, Datura alkaloids in the correct proportions have been used in medicine since ancient times.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - colchicum
Light purple or pink flowers that bloomed their buds in the fall, on the eve of the winter cold, gave the flower its name - colchicum. But their innocent defenselessness is very deceptive - the flower is even very poisonous. Colchicum sap contains more than 20 toxins, and some of them are deadly.
Even gardeners are advised to wear gloves when working with colchicum.
The literature describes cases of death of people who were treated with its decoction as prescribed by healers. Another name for this plant is colchicum.
According to ancient Greek myth, this plant sprouted from drops of the blood of Prometheus, who was chained to Caucasus mountains and was tormented by an eagle, and decorated the garden of the goddess Artemis in Colchis.
There are two on the peninsula similar friends on another type of colchicum: shady, which blooms in autumn, and winter Ankara. Moreover, the first of them is often confused with the more common but harmless plant, which also blooms in autumn - the beautiful crocus.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - Hamlet flower or henbane
The very name of this plant evokes a clear association among many with the brilliant work of the great English playwright William Shakespeare. After all, it was henbane that poisoned the king.
This plant, common to the peninsula, with not very flashy, but very attractive flowers, is also associated with the Russian expression: “Have you eaten too much henbane?” And indeed, the symptoms of poisoning with it are so expressive that the famous doctor and scientist Avicena wrote: “Henbane is a poison that often causes insanity, deprives of memory and causes suffocation and demonic possession.”
A common cause of poisoning is the similarity of henbane seeds to safe poppy seed, especially attractive to young children. Dr. Mettesi noted:
Children, having eaten too much henbane, fall into such extravagance that their relatives, without knowing the reasons, begin to think that this is the machinations of evil spirits.
However, using precise dosage, henbane is included in some anti-asthma drugs and is also used as a pain reliever.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - arum or forest pencil
In April-May, an exotic arum flower, slightly similar to kala, appears in the forests of Crimea. Its single petal is also compared to a wing, hence the name of the rarest of the three species growing on the peninsula - white-winged arum.
Despite its unique decorative properties, the Crimean arum did not gain popularity due to its pungent and very unpleasant odor.
However, flies, their pollinators, find the amber that comes from these flowers to be a very attractive aroma. The unusual flowers of Oriental arum have two flowering phases - male and female.
Flies, having visited a plant with a male flowering period, after a while land on a female flowering period and slide inside. At the same time, thread-like outgrowths that are directed downwards prevent them from getting out of the flower. The flies have no choice but to crawl along the cob located at the base of the flower, pollinating it with the pollen they bring.
After this, the arum enters the male flowering phase, removes all its traps and releases the flies to freedom. And everything repeats itself again.
All types of Crimean arum are toxic. In summer, their ears ripen and are covered with attractive orange berries. If you eat at least a few of them, severe inflammation of the oral cavity occurs and characteristic features poisoning
In some places of Crimea, arums are called forest pencils for the ability of the rod located in the center of the inflorescence to color surfaces. This interesting property attracts children who, playing with “forest pencils,” put themselves in serious danger.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - fighter or aconite
In the beech forest of Crimea you can find a very beautiful perennial herbaceous plant from the ranunculaceae family with bright blue or purple flowers. Its most popular names are aconite or wrestler.
By ancient greek mythology, the fighter emerged from the poisonous saliva of the formidable guard underground kingdom Hades, the three-headed dog Cerberus brought to earth great hero Hercules. This suggests that the plant has been considered one of the most poisonous since ancient times.
The ancient Greeks used the plant to carry out death sentences. There is even a known case when legionnaires of the Roman Emperor Mark Antony, after eating several aconite tubers, lost their memory and soon died.
According to one of the ancient legends, the famous conqueror Tamerlane died, poisoned precisely by the poison of aconite, which was soaked in his skullcap. Juice poisonous plant used in those days to make poisoned arrows. That is why in many countries the very possession of aconite root was considered a serious crime and punishable by death.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - yew berry
A tree covered in ancient legends, a long-lived tree, a welcome decoration of Crimean parks. However, such popularity could not protect the yew berry from cruel extermination.
IN old times entire forested areas from yew berry, but at present there are very few old trees left. The age of yew berry can be quite respectable - some trees are more than a thousand years old.
The widespread destruction of yew was caused by its beautiful, durable, almost eternal wood, painted in different shades of red. That is why it was also called mahogany. IN Ancient Egypt Sarcophagi were made from it, and later in Europe - very expensive furniture.
The most best bows. But due to the toxicity of the tree, those who processed it lived very little.
Ancient legends have been preserved that in the old days beautiful cups were created from yew berry, which were then presented as gifts to enemies in the hope of poisoning them. In fact, the toxicity of yew berry was known to Pliny the Elder.
Everything about a tree is poisonous: wood, seeds, needles, bark, roots. The exception is the juicy shells that look like berries. Sweetish, but not distinguished by an exquisite taste, they are completely harmless. The danger is that if they are eaten together with the fruit (seed), poisoning is inevitable. There is evidence that even those who prune yew branches experience headaches.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - peony
It is unlikely that any other flower in Crimea can compete with the bright splendor of shapes and colors high society world of flora - luxurious peonies. As befits aristocrats, they trace their history in park culture back to ancient times.
Already two millennia ago, their delicate peony flowers decorated the imperial gardens of China. They were brought to the court from the south of the country in specially made bamboo baskets, and to protect them from withering, each flower stem was covered with wax.
The ancient Greeks valued the peony not only for its beauty, but also for its amazing healing properties. Even doctors in those days were called peonies. There is a myth about Peon, a student of the god of healing Aesculapius, who surpassed his mentor in abilities. This angered God, and he ordered Hades to poison this talented young man.
However, at the last moment the ruler of the underworld took pity on the dying young man and turned him into a flower of extraordinary beauty. Like many medicinal plants Crimea, peonies are poisonous. Everything about it is toxic – from the rhizomes, petals, seeds. Therefore, the accuracy of the dosage of drugs based on peony is vital. Vegetable world The peninsula is decorated with two types of peonies, which compete with each other in their splendor. But, unfortunately, their number is decreasing throughout the Crimea.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - Heracleum or Hercules flower
The white caps of inflorescences against the background of beautiful carved leaves in themselves clearly distinguish this plant from all others. But it is even more impressive with its majestic size.
Under favorable conditions, some types of hogweed grow up to 4 meters with a leaf area of up to 1 square meter. In this case, the diameter of the inflorescence often reaches 60 centimeters.
To become so powerful and very high speed growth - 10-12 centimeters per day, it received its Latin name - Heracleum.
Residents surprised by his extraordinary appearance middle zone Its seeds were brought to Russia from the Caucasus, the Urals and other regions. Having settled into a new place as ornamental plant, the hogweed soon went out of control and, conquering the surroundings of the peninsula, began to displace many local species, becoming a malicious weed.
But later it turned out that the handsome man was not only fertile, but also very poisonous. Even touching this plant can cause a serious chemical burn, so remember it well and during the flowering period, try to admire its beauty only from the outside.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - buttercup or Ares flower
Affectionately sounding name The buttercup plant actually comes from a formidable, even ferocious epithet - fierce. Its bright yellow, lacquered flowers have received another popular name - night blindness.
This was apparently due to the irritant effect of the juice on the mucous membranes, including the eyes. Of the beautifully flowering toxic plants of the Crimean peninsula in terms of the number of species - he is a true champion - out of 23 species, all are poisonous.
Contact of the plant with the skin can cause severe dermatitis, and the likely outcome of its ingestion is lethal. In antiquity, the buttercup was a symbol of unfriendly teasing and served as the emblem of the formidable god of war, Ares.
IN Ottoman Empire Ranunculus leaves were widely used in greenhouses and became a symbol of the greatness of the sultans. IN Ancient Rus' it was considered the flower of the thunderer Perun. And according to one of the Christian legends, fleeing from the Archangel Michael, Satan hid among the buttercup thickets, which is why the flower became so evil.
The lily of the valley is often called a lantern for gnomes. This plant from the lily family, despite its modest appearance, has won the hearts of all many nations. Small snow-white, sometimes pink, graceful flowers of lily of the valley, similar to magic bells, exude a delicate exquisite aroma, which leaves no one indifferent.
In terms of the number of legends and myths, it is unlikely that it will have competitors. In the Christian legend, lilies of the valley grew from the tears of Mary that fell to the ground as she mourned her crucified son.
In Russian legends and epics, its appearance is associated with Magus, the sea princess. Sadko rejected the love of the sea maiden for the sake of an earthly girl named Lyubava. And her bitter tears sprouted into tender and slightly sad flowers.
According to another legend, on the contrary, lily of the valley flowers are the happy laughter of Mavka in love, scattered like pearls throughout the forest.
IN Western Europe It was believed that lily of the valley flowers serve as lanterns for gnomes, and miniature elves hide in them from the rain.
Lily of the valley flowers are still loved today. In France, on the first Sunday in May, the lily of the valley holiday is celebrated, and the Finns even consider it their national flower. Since ancient times, the medicinal properties of lily of the valley have been widely known. IN medieval Europe he became a symbol of medicine.
However, lily of the valley is completely poisonous.
Few people know that this plant produces bright red, appetizing-looking fruits in the fall, which, if eaten, can cause serious poisoning. There are even cases with fatal, when by accident the water in which there was a bouquet of lilies of the valley was drunk.
The flora of Crimea is very unusual and diverse. There are 2,500 species on the peninsula wild plants. This is an impressive figure. It is also necessary to note the uniqueness of the flora. There are 250 endemics here, that is, plants that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. In addition, Crimea is rich in relics - plants that have been preserved without any changes for millions of years.
Historical excursion
The plants of Crimea have been studied quite thoroughly. But, nevertheless, discoveries of new species are made regularly. And the reason for this is the uniqueness of the peninsula. As we have already noticed, the plants of Crimea are very diverse. An interesting fact is that plants of very different origins coexist everywhere on the peninsula. Among them there are relicts and endemics. In addition, there are a lot of related plants from completely different Black Sea regions: the Caucasus, the Balkans, Asia Minor. A similar phenomenon is connected with the history of Crimea.
After all, it was originally a mountainous, secluded peninsula, which over the course of thousands of years was either joined or separated many times by land isthmuses from the mainland (with the lands of the Caucasus, Asia Minor, the Balkans, and the East European Plain). Therefore, the plants of Crimea also changed. We should also not forget that more than a thousand species of exotic specimens were brought by humans over thousands of years of the history of this land. So it turned out that the flora of the peninsula acquired such a motley and diverse appearance.
Change of vegetation zones
Another feature of Crimea is a very clear change of vegetation from north to south.
The northern part of the peninsula is hilly steppes. Currently, most of them have been plowed for a long time, and therefore these lands have lost their natural appearance. Only those areas that are unsuitable for Agriculture. These are salt marshes, ravines, ravines, rocky plains.
In the foothills area, the steppes change to forest-steppe. Here, in addition to steppe plants, such species as juniper, downy oak, shaggy pear, rose hips, hornbeam, etc. grow.
With height, oak forests give way to beech forests. 200-250-year-old trees amaze with their power and pristine, gloomy beauty. It is always very gloomy here, there is even no undergrowth or grass cover, there is only a thick layer of fallen leaves. At an altitude of about a thousand meters, huge, mighty beeches give way to gnarled, stunted trees.
At the very top, the forests give way to flat peaks, which are separated from each other by very deep passes. Externally, the yailas look like steppes. It is here that a quarter of all endemic species of the peninsula are found.
Further, closer to the sea, there is a belt of beech-pine and pine forests, which consists of Crimean pine and Scots pine. There are also oaks, beeches, and hornbeams here. Natural pine forests are more pronounced on the South Coast, which cannot be said about the southeastern part.
South coast
Even further south begins the shiblyak belt, consisting of hornbeam, downy oak, juniper, small-fruited strawberry, pistachio and many others. In the southeast, the climate is very dry, so shiblyak is very rare.
But on the South Coast they are quite thick. In general, the vegetation of the South Coast is close to the Mediterranean, but has been greatly altered by man. Most The territory is occupied by health resorts, gardens, vineyards, and roads. Also, extensive parks have been created here by human hands, in which species brought to the peninsula grow. Imagine that many plants have been living here for about 200 years. Currently, all parks have become an integral part and among them are the famous Alupkinsky, Forossky, Livadia, Massandra, and what is the well-known park that contains not only the plants of the Crimea (photos are given in the article), but also many imported exotic species.
It must be said that the parks themselves have long merged with evergreen natural thickets and represent a single whole.
Reserves of Crimea
Plants of Crimea are protected by laws. Four completely new nature reserves and sixteen wildlife sanctuaries have been created on the peninsula. Natural monuments, protected areas, and protected parks are also protected.
Near Nikitsky botanical garden The Cape Martyan Nature Reserve is located. Also on the peninsula is Yalta, which contains rare plants of the Crimea. It's just small part protected areas this region. All of them are unique and interesting in their own way; each has its own task of preserving relict and endemic plants. In our article we want to describe some of them.
Beech
Beech is a genus of the Beech family. Two species grow in Crimea: ordinary and eastern. Both of them have a regal appearance and play an important soil and water conservation role. A tree lives from 250 to 350 years. It blooms for the first time at the age of 30, and maybe even at 60 or 80 years. It blooms in April with the simultaneous opening of leaves. In autumn, nuts appear on the tree. Squirrels, roe deer, wild boars, and deer feed on them. Beech oil is very valuable; its properties are not inferior to olive oil.
Well, there’s no need to talk about wood. Due to its special properties, it is used to make barrels for expensive wines, parquet, musical instruments, yachts In the distant past, trees in Crimea were mercilessly cut down. And now they are under protection. The grove on Ai-Petri is generally a protected area.
Oak
Oak belongs to the Beech family. There are approximately 450 varieties of this plant in the world. The bark and wood of the tree are highly prized. In Crimea there is a rather rare fluffy oak tree that lives for more than a thousand years. Such a thousand-year-old plant is located not far from Foros. Its girth is five and a half meters. And in the Bakhchisarai region a tree with a girth of eight meters was found. Back in 1820, a cork grove was established in the Nikitsky Garden, which continues to thrive to this day. Scientists of the garden have settled throughout the South Coast. Now this is a plant of Southern Crimea.
Small-fruited strawberry
The plants and animals of Crimea are so diverse that they never cease to amaze. And the South Coast is a unique place, a piece of subtropics, where very special plants grow, which, in principle, could not take root in these parts, but thanks to the unique microclimate created by the mountains, they feel great here.
One of these plants is the small-fruited strawberry. This evergreen tree, numbering more than twenty species growing in North America and the Mediterranean. In Crimea, the plant is found only on the southern coast. It has been preserved in these places since the Tertiary period, and is currently listed in the Red Book. The tree reaches a height of six meters. It is characterized by a bizarrely curved trunk and sinuous branch tips. The tree produces fruits very similar to strawberries. They are quite edible. Since plants have decorative look, they are cultivated in the parks of the peninsula. And in the vicinity of Gaspra there are several trees, the age of which, according to scientists, is close to a thousand years.
Figs
Figs are also called His homeland - the Mediterranean. I must say that this evergreen, there are more than 800 of its species. Fruits are of particular value to humans. They are eaten fresh, dried, and made into jam. In general, this is a very ancient plant on earth; it has been cultivated since time immemorial. However, it is not known exactly when and by whom this tree was brought to the world. Currently, in the famous Nikitsky Garden there are 300 species of figs. The tree has a powerful root system. There are no usual flowers on the tree. But the fruit looks like a bag with seeds inside.
Cypress evergreen
This is a coniferous evergreen tree. It came to Crimea from Greece. It acclimatized here in ancient times. But it became widespread in the 18th century, when many plants were brought in by order of Potemkin. The evergreen cypress has a pyramidal shape. Its needles are very soft to the touch. The cones are small and round in shape, like a soccer ball. Cypress seeds provide food for many birds: grosbeaks, woodpeckers, finches, and robins. In addition, the tree is known for its medicinal properties.
Even the ancient Greeks noticed the positive effect of cypress on people with diseased lungs. Modern scientists have proven that essential oils trees have a strong bactericidal effect, which can suppress staphylococcus, Koch's bacillus and other bacteria. IN medicinal purposes Tree cones are also used. The wood is particularly durable, resistant to decay and has a wonderful aroma. It has been valued since time immemorial.
Orchid
Orchids are very common in the tropics. This species includes the well-known spice vanilla and a great variety of species grown in greenhouses. There are 39 varieties of this plant in Crimea, 20 of which can be found in Laspi. According to meteorologists, this is the most warm place throughout the South Coast. It is also jokingly called “Crimean Africa”. It is for this reason that many endemic plants are found here.
Red Book of Crimea. Plants included in it
Crimea is a completely unique place that has gathered truly untold riches in the form of flora and fauna. Any tourist who has visited the peninsula for the first time never ceases to admire its beauty and amazing plants. And there really is something to see and admire here. What's it worth? rich history this region.
If we talk about unique plants peninsula, many of them are under protection and have long been listed in the Red Book. The plants of Crimea, which we described in the article, are very interesting and worthy of detailed attention. We would also like to dwell on those species that, for one reason or another, have already been included in the Red Book. There are more than 250 of them. Let's list just a few of them:
- River horsetail.
- The bone is elegant.
- North Costenz.
- Juniper deltoid.
- Stephen's maple.
- Ira is graceful.
- Oak cuff.
- The onion is reddish.
- Hawthorn cuneifolia.
- Meadow sage.
- Crimean dandelion.
- Bibirstein Tulip.
- Forest grapes.
- Sea damask.
- Cystoseira bearda.
Instead of an afterword
Crimea is a completely unique and amazing place. In addition to its extraordinary beauty, it amazes with the richness of its flora. On the entire planet, perhaps, there are not many places that can boast of such a wealth of species of flora, imported from other regions and taking root in a new place.
The official status of the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea ensures reliable state protection of those included in it biological species and imposes strict legal liability on individuals who harm their populations.
This publication includes 297 species of vascular plants, 35 species of bryophytes, 18 species of macrophyte algae, 22 species of lichens and 33 species of macroscopic fungi. This is the order in which these groups appear in the book. Vascular plants are divided into the divisions psilotophytes, horsetails, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and flowering plants; then bryophytes into hepatic and leaf-stem mosses, algae into green, ochrophytic, red and charophytic, and fungi into marsupials and basidiophytes.
Within each department, orders, families, genera and species are given in alphabetical order(according to Latin names). The Red Book of the Republic of Crimea takes into account the latest achievements of world science in the field of macrosystematics of vascular plants. In particular, the classification of flowering plants is given according to the APG III system (see Reveal, Chase, 2011), that is, their traditional division into monocots and dicotyledons is not accepted in this publication. The systems of pteridophytes (Christenhusz and Chase, 2014) and gymnosperms (Christenhusz et al., 2011) were also borrowed from the most modern publications.
The names of vascular plant species are given mostly according to “ Natural flora Crimean peninsula"(Ena, 2012). Deviations are mainly related to new information, published in later works (in particular, on many orchids, tulips, and Norica), less often with the author’s position of the compilers of essays (on hawthorns and Crimean cabbage). A small part of the species included in the Red Book, but not in the “Natural Flora of the Crimean Peninsula”, were first discovered in Crimea only in the last two to three years (Haussknecht’s kostenets, rocky hermit, a number of species of dormouse).
Essays on each species include Russian and Latin names, conservation status taxon, brief information about its habitat, a description of the features of morphology and biology, threat factors and accepted and necessary measures security
The description of each species is accompanied by a color illustration (photo or drawing), the author of which is indicated at the end of the essay (in the case of two photographs, the author is indicated in order from left to right)
The description of each species is also accompanied by a map with a grid designation of its locations on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. The basis of these maps is a map of the main landscape zones of Crimea (Development of Priorities, 1999), reproduced here from symbols on the next page. The distribution of species is marked on maps in 10*10 km squares. Red dots mark squares where the location of the species is confirmed by modern finds made after 1994. Blue dots mean that the species was present in this square according to information obtained before 1994, but has now either disappeared, or data on its presence after 1994 have not been verified.
The Red Book of the Republic of Crimea includes all species listed in (2008; hereinafter referred to as the Code of the Russian Federation
- Go to: Guide to Crimea
Rich and varied plant life world of Crimea, and the list of wild plants on the peninsula includes more than 2,500 species. Interestingly, about 90% of all plant species are found in the mountainous Crimea. In addition, about 1,500 plant species are acclimatized in Crimea.
47 species of plants growing on the peninsula are included in the Red Book. The abundance of endangered species in itself is evidence of the threatening situation in which they find themselves as a result of the excessive recreational load on the Crimean nature.
A peculiarity of the Crimean landscapes is that here typical Central European plants coexist with Mediterranean plants and people from Western Asia. Some relict plants from the pre-glacial period have been preserved on the peninsula, such as small-fruited strawberry, tall juniper, and Comperia compera orchid). In Crimea, 142 plant species are endemic, i.e. they are not found anywhere except the Crimean Peninsula.
Butcher's broom - this exotic Mediterranean plant exists on a narrow strip of the South Coast, and here its habitat is very small. It has tough dark green leaves and red berries that can be seen even in winter. And the fact that the butcher's broom is very similar to leaves is special flat branches. The real leaves are located in the center of these plates and are almost invisible. It got its name - butcher's broom - for its thorniness. Therefore, solid “pillows” of butcher’s broom, which can sometimes be found under trees, resemble special type a wire on which someone specially strung orange and red berry balls.
Beech forests are the darkest and most mysterious. Only very shade-loving plants grow under the canopy of a beech forest, since weak leaves make their way through the dense canopy of leaves. green light: Beech leaves create an almost impenetrable “roof”. In the beech forest, lush ferns make their way here and there, reminiscent of the prehistoric forest of the Carboniferous period with its ferns, horsetails and mosses... And in places where the crystal pure water shoots up among the boulders straight from the ground, you can find an unnaturally bright green carpet of moss saturated with moisture.
Trunk Strawberry as if, instead of bark, it is dressed in suede. Small-fruited strawberry, or also called coral tree, is the only evergreen deciduous tree in the flora of Crimea. The leathery leaves of the strawberry can withstand even the snow that falls on the South Coast. Young strawberry trees are hardly noticeable, but in Crimea there are giant strawberry trees that are hundreds of years old.
In the dilapidated stone walls of Chersonesus, sometimes you come across strange bouquets of berries growing right from the walls, sometimes resembling a very beautiful beard of a forester... This is ephedra, which is so unlike any other plant that it is the only one in our flora that forms a separate family of Ephedras. Ephedra has no leaves, only twigs that resemble a beard.
There are 47 orchid species in Crimea, about 20 of which are found in Laspi Bay. Crimean orchids like gems: small, but they have no price, and the rarest of them is Compera’s comperia. Once upon a time, a botany lover, the Frenchman Compere, who had an estate in Laspi, discovered this species. Comperia flowers are pinkish-brown, and each flower appears to thin out, ending in thin threads. Apart from Crimea, this flower is found only in some areas of Asia Minor. In other Crimean orchids interesting names: orchis, lyubka, dremlik; ofris, whose flowers look like bumblebees.
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