What kind of parachutes do the airborne forces jump from? Cash reward for parachute jumping (landing with equipment). Training airborne recruits in the art of landing

Airborne troops perform a huge range of combat missions. And airborne jumps are one of the main trump cards used by paratroopers. Specially prepared airplanes and helicopters are used for this purpose. The Airborne Forces are equipped with a large number of modern effective weapons, special equipment, military equipment, allowing high efficiency cope with the tasks assigned to them.

The task of the Airborne Forces fighters is to capture strategic industrial facilities, administrative and political centers, areas of concentration and forces of a potential enemy, to capture and hold infrastructure nodes, mountain passes, crossings, and communication lines; destruction of funds mass destruction, power plants, runways and airfields, and other key facilities; disruption of the enemy's work in the deep and near rear and coordination of his forces, disruption of the movement of enemy reserves.

One of the main tasks of the Airborne Forces is related to the implementation of operational-tactical landings on special important areas potential local conflicts.

Completing such a task is impossible without airborne parachute jumps. The Airborne Forces train their personnel especially scrupulously. Therefore, paratroopers carefully become familiar with the theoretical foundation of parachute jumps, landing techniques, modern parachute-jet and parachute-type systems, landing containers, platforms and systems with the help of which weapons and military equipment are installed and dropped. Special attention is devoted to the study of current military transport aviation.

Airborne jumps at the stage of emergence and development of the military branch

The first jump into the Airborne Forces took place in the thirties of the last century. It was then that a new branch of troops appeared in the Red Army - the Airborne Forces. The first paratroopers had to complete a completely accessible task - to land in a given area, where they were delivered by aircraft. Paratroopers with parachutes were initially transported on any aircraft in service: strategic heavy bombers TB-1 or training U-2, which were not the best solution For young generation troops. The choice of aircraft depended on the number of paratroopers transported.

Resolving the issue of transporting cars, armored vehicles or guns turned out to be more difficult. We decided to opt for the TB-1 bomber. To create specialized systems with the help of which equipment would be successfully landed, an OKB was created. Among the very first types of weapons adapted for air transportation and landing, one should name mountain cannon 76 mm caliber, invented in 1909, chosen because suitable weights and dimensions. The gun crew was transported along with the gun and had the opportunity to parachute from an airplane, slightly reducing the bomber's flight performance. Then the first parachute jump in the Airborne Forces took place, and since then the paratroopers have come a long way.

Airborne parachute jumps in modern army Russia

Fast forward to modern life soldiers of the Airborne Forces. In 2012, servicemen of this type of troops stationed at military service, in just one week, more than 11 thousand parachute jumps were performed! Including the airborne jumps from Ila-76 amounted to more than four hundred. Nowadays, jumps during long daylight hours are performed at an intensity of two parachute jumps per minute, and even more often.

There was a message about how many jumps they do in the Airborne Forces, for example, in the unit stationed in Ivanovo. As it turned out, 2800 jumps per division. In the mountain, air assault formation stationed in Novorossiysk, and the Tula airborne division, paratroopers make 2,000 jumps each. The cadets of the Ryazan School manage to make more than one and a half thousand jumps within one week.

Airborne jumps were more regular in Soviet army. Let's say, in the 80s, an ordinary paratrooper made about 30 airborne jumps from an Il-76 per conscript service. In the 90s, their number decreased sharply, but nowadays one can once again observe a gradual increase in the role of combat training of paratroopers, which means an increase in the number of airborne parachute jumps for cadets and conscripts.

Recruit training Airborne art landing

Representatives make a lot of jumps young replenishment, arriving at the Airborne Forces unit. Young soldiers have to do a lot of airborne training. They are given the proud title of paratroopers after they make their first parachute jumps.

In addition, technicians specializing in parachute instruments are constantly trained and trained in Ryazan. Seminars on retraining for commanders of parachute units are also held there. They are studying issues of landing and preparation military equipment. During the summer period, which is characterized by favorable weather conditions, Russian paratroopers plan to perform more than 35 thousand airborne parachute jumps.

It is absolutely forbidden to force people who do not know how to control themselves in the sky to skydive. To prevent an erratic fall, parachutes D-5 and D-6 include a stabilizing exhaust canopy. Thanks to the presence of the canopy, the parachutist cannot be carried away in a disorderly fall. To an inexperienced person, it seems that the earth is everywhere from him. The function of the stabilizing canopy is that the lines do not interfere with the skydiver's ability to take to the sky. The dome comes out first, after which the PPK-u device is triggered within five seconds, opening the backpack. The backpack is equipped with a double-cone lock, which can be opened either with a ring or with a device. A parachutist can pull the ring without waiting for five seconds of free fall to expire. With the help of a stabilizing parachute, the canopy is completely extended from the parachute pack.

Airborne jumps from Il-76

Speaking about the training of paratroopers, one cannot fail to mention the role of military transport aviation. Airborne jumps from the Il-76 can be called the most effective today. The main military transport aircraft Il-76 easily copes with the following tasks:

• parachute landing of military units;
• parachute landing of standard military equipment and cargo;
• l/s landing airborne units;
• landing of military equipment and cargo of established dimensions;
• transportation and evacuation of the wounded to the rear.

Each of the above options requires the use of specialized equipment.

When landing from an IL-76 they use:

• two streams into the side doors, to minimize the possibility of parachutists converging in the air;
• three streams, one of which goes into the ramp, and the other two into the side doors;
• four streams - two each into the ramp and side doors (subject to combat conditions).

During the landing personnel The plane's speed reaches 300 km/h. Let us note the tightness of the cargo compartment of the IL-76. If it is necessary to make long-distance flights at high altitudes, the pressure in the aircraft cabin is equal to the pressure at an altitude of 2.5 km. Airborne jumps from the Il-76 have been considered one of the safest and safest for many years. effective types landing. In emergency situations, all seats are equipped with oxygen masks, so all paratroopers have the opportunity to individually receive oxygen nutrition.

Pre-jump training in the Airborne Forces

Before you prepare a real paratrooper, you need to go through a serious combat training. Pre-jump training in the Airborne Forces is carried out at the most modern level. Not a single paratrooper is allowed to make real parachute jumps without thorough special training.

The IL-76 is an aircraft that fully corresponds to the tasks assigned to paratroopers. The aircraft cabin provides all the nuances that ensure the safety of parachute jumps. Traffic lights are installed at all exits from the aircraft. There are traffic lights on both sides of the ramp. Green light lights up with the inscription “Go”, yellow - with the command “Get Ready”, red - with the command “Hang Up”. When a yellow traffic light is turned on, a short siren is simultaneously turned on, and when a green traffic light is turned on, a long, blaring siren is turned on. She continues to roar until there is not a single parachutist left on the plane.

Every paratrooper who performed parachute jumps in the Airborne Forces will never be able to forget this siren. During a long-distance flight, the engine hums smoothly and calmly, which is conducive to sleep, but because of the sound of the siren, there is nothing left of sleep. After the command “Get ready” and a short warning siren, each paratrooper jumps up, waiting for the command to jump into the Sky.

Photos and videos of airborne jumps

Photos of airborne jumps are especially spectacular. You can admire parachutists flying in the sky, the second suspended deck of the Il-76MD transport, and the cargo cabin of the Il-76. Thanks to the increased capacity, the cargo compartment of the IL-76 transport can accommodate three BMD-1s, and can be dropped by parachute or landing.

The aircraft's capabilities include landing four cargoes weighing 10 tons each, or two cargoes weighing 21 tons each. The IL-76MD is produced in a double-deck version and is capable of transporting up to 225 fighters, and not as in a single-deck version - no more than 145 fighters.

Watching equipment landing from an Il-76 aircraft is always amazing. Today everyone can watch airborne jumping videos, thanks to the Internet. Interesting fact is the establishment of high-altitude world records by Soviet paratroopers. These jumps by our skydivers were made in 1975 and then in 1977. Girls were jumping with parachutes from an Il-76 plane flying at an altitude of over fifteen thousand meters. And no one has yet been able to break the records set then.

Video Airborne jumps with a parachute can convey the external impression of this unique and exciting process. And the parachutists themselves consider these the most exciting moments of their lives. Each jump is different from the previous one. The first jump is especially emotional.

For a D-5 parachute jump, an altitude of 800 to 1000 meters is required. With a minimum drop height of 600 meters. The period from the moment you exit the plane to the moment when the parachute should open is 200 meters. The parachutist has to fly about six hundred meters under the canopy.

Today, instead of the parachutes of the old systems, they use the D-10 landing parachute, with a dome area of ​​100 sq.m., improved parameters and a shape reminiscent of squash. On airborne weapons The D-12, Listik, was also received, recognized as an excellent parachute system that has no analogues in the world.

The Airborne Forces plan to train about 300 high-altitude specialists by the end of 2015. airborne training, which can jump from heights of up to 8000 meters.

This was reported by Interfax-AVN with reference to the representative of the press service and information department of the Russian Ministry of Defense for the Airborne Forces, Lieutenant Colonel Evgeny Meshkov. According to command plans airborne troops a battalion capable of landing from altitudes of four to eight kilometers and a unit of instructors for high-altitude airborne training should appear. High-altitude skydivers must be able to skillfully use special oxygen equipment and use the parachute system special purpose"Crossbow".

The basic program for training high-altitude specialists is designed for five to ten weeks, taking into account their performance of from 100 to 250 practical parachute jumps with a delay in opening the main parachute from 80 to 130 seconds.

We must immediately clarify that there will be no mass jumps from extreme heights. This is the privilege of scouts. Moreover for combat use will not be used “Crossbows”, with which you can only train, but completely different and still secret parachute systems.

It is important for paratroopers to deliver their troops to the landing zone without the aircraft being in the air defense zone. And the landing itself should be carried out as quickly as possible, as closely as possible, and so as not to come under fire from the ground. To do this, they fly behind enemy lines at the highest possible altitude, and jump from the highest possible lower limit.

Is it possible to jump from a flight altitude that is unattainable for military air defense systems?

Quite a lot of research work was carried out. By the way, it was carried out not only in Russia, but also in the USA. Overseas, I must say, they have succeeded, and high-altitude landings are the order of the day there.

It turned out that you can jump from heights of up to eight kilometers with a delay in opening the parachute so that the canopy opens almost at the ground. But here heavy equipment throwing with a delay turned out to be problematic. And it could turn out that all the troops would gather in the specified landing area, and the armored vehicles would fly off somewhere very far away. It turned out completely objectively - jumping from extreme heights is suitable only for special forces and reconnaissance units or those who must secure the main landing zone from the ground, clearing it of enemy fire weapons.

In the United States, high-altitude jumps have been mastered and are also used only in the special forces of the Green Berets and special operations forces.

What benefits does high-altitude landing give to special forces paratroopers? You can leave the plane tens of kilometers from the planned landing site. Then silently glide and land directly at the point. Modern systems have a semi-automatic parachute control system according to given coordinates. As a rule, the landing takes place at night, the parachutes are camouflaged, and it is almost impossible to see special forces in the sky. Such jumps are very difficult. In addition to weapons and other equipment, the paratrooper is equipped with special oxygen equipment.

According to our experts, the USA for a long time were ahead of us in the high-altitude landing of their special forces. The turning point came several years ago. An experimental program for a special parachute training Special Operations Forces. It has been successfully mastered. Domestic equipment and parachute systems, no worse than American ones, have been created and are in the process of being put into service, which allow the domestic Special Operations Forces to carry out any tasks anywhere in the world.

The main indicator that limits the height for making a parachute jump can be called the aircraft vehicle.

No one aircraft, which transports people, is not able to rise above 26 thousand meters. And even at such a height the aircraft flies with too much high speed so that a person can jump out of an airplane.

However, spaceships can rise much higher, but their movement in space is even faster, so a paratrooper with a parachute will need a heat-resistant suit to survive beyond the confines of the spacecraft.

There is only one aircraft that allows you to transport people, besides an airplane and a spaceship, - a hot air balloon. The highest level to which this is capable of rising air vehicle, – 34.668 meters. This absolute record, demonstrated by officers navy United States of America Victor Prather and Malcolm Ross, while they were moving from the ship Antietam to Mexico, and this was May 4, 1961. But they did not make any jumps.

The man's parachute jump from the highest point was made by Joseph Kittinger of the United States Air Force. He made this result with hot air balloon, which on August 16, 1960 rose to a height of 31 thousand 333 meters. Joseph was in a state of free fall for four minutes and 36 seconds, developing an average speed of 1 thousand 150 kilometers per hour. The parachute was deployed at around five and a half thousand meters.

Parachute jumping standards for paratroopers

For a parachute jump, a safe altitude can be considered to be from 400 meters to 4 kilometers.

If we talk about the maximum permissible lowest altitude, the paratroopers consider a height of less than fifty meters “bordering on suicide.” Back in 2003, professional stuntman Harry Connery made a parachute jump from the Nelson's Column monument (from a height of 51.5 meters), which is located in Trafalgar Square.

A large number of times paratroopers have parachuted from the top of the statue of Christ the Savior, located in Rio de Janeiro, and jumped from St. Paul's Cathedral, which is located in London, and the height of these monuments is slightly more than 100 meters.

A little earlier, in October of the year before last, a paratrooper jumped from the most significant height - 135,890 feet (over 40 thousand meters), which was performed by Google vice-head Alan Eustace. He was able to beat the previous planetary record of 127,852.4 feet (38,969.4 meters), which was set by Australian skydiver Felix Baumgartner in 2012. In two cases, the parachutists were wearing a spacesuit designed specifically for them.

In a standard setting, a parachute jump is made from a height of 4 thousand 200 meters. Above the accepted level, the risk of oxygen starvation increases. In addition, when jumping from a height higher than the established one, the dense flow of oncoming air can cause some problems for the skydiver.

In the lower atmospheric layers, the speed of a paratrooper's fall during a long jump increases only during the first ten seconds (over the first hundred meters). Resistance air mass increases with increasing speed so significantly that very soon a moment comes when the speed no longer changes. The motion changes from acceleration to uniform.

When falling through the upper, thinner layers of the atmosphere, a person will fly faster than the final speed of falling in the lower layers, when the paratrooper encounters them and the resistance reaches its peak. Essentially, a person encounters an atmosphere. At the time of his parachute jump in 1960, Kittinger described this force as shocking: at an altitude of 23 thousand meters it demonstrated 1.2 g (g is the overload value).

A fall from 75 thousand meters would produce a huge impact of 3 g at an altitude of 31 thousand meters, which would last over 20 seconds. After this, the jump would not be anything remarkable. Marines who enter the lower atmosphere will not experience any problems from overloads above 3 g if their bodies are positioned across the air flow to continue their time in the atmosphere, but they will feel significantly hot.

Kittinger was wearing a special suit, the purpose of which was to protect him from low pressure in the stratosphere. But what is more difficult in such jumps is maintaining a stable position during the free fall process. In addition, Kittinger was equipped with a small stabilizing parachute, but he did not need it. Due to a malfunction, the parachute could not open, and the parachutist was thrown into a tailspin. Kittinger was rotated very quickly, approximately 120 rpm, the overload level was 22 g. At the moment of such overloads, the stuntman lost consciousness. Main parachute I was able to open up thanks to special device automatic opening.

One of the highest jumps ever made was planned to be part of Project Moose. It was considered a development of the United States of America, which began in the early 1960s, and its object was a program that would allow an astronaut to parachute into low orbit of our planet directly from a spacecraft. It was expected that the astronaut with the equipment would put a parachute on his chest and a folded plastic bag on his back. The pressurized cylinder should expand the bag and fill it with polyurethane foam, which will create a heat shield. The astronaut leaves orbit and then begins to fall. Protected from high temperature screen, he waits until he reaches the lower atmospheric layers, after which the parachute opens and the screen is removed.

The work that was carried out by the General Electric organization demonstrated that the idea, although very good at first glance, was not unfeasible. A sample of the heat resistant shield was created and foam samples were sent to spaceship. However, neither NASA nor Air Force did not pay much attention to this venture.

Theoretically, you can jump with a parachute from any height, the only question is the feasibility and safety of this event. Based on these considerations, the minimum and maximum restrictions are established. They are determined primarily by the design of the parachute, as well as by the preparedness of the parachutist and the type of jump he makes.

Beginning skydivers usually jump with a D-5 or D-6 parachute. Sometimes the D-1-5U parachute is also offered. The advantage of the latter is its controllability, as evidenced by the letter “U” in the model name. Jumps with such a parachute are carried out from a height of 700-900 meters. The canopy opens almost immediately after separation from the aircraft.

As an alternative to landing parachutes, Wing-type parachutes are often used. Unlike the first ones, they have not a round, but a rectangular dome. They require more training to operate, but they are highly maneuverable and have good lifting power. Beginners make jumps with a “Wing” parachute from a height of approximately 1200 meters.

Professional athletes who are well trained usually jump from a height of at least 2000 meters. In this case, they have the opportunity to experience all the delights of free fall, which beginners are usually deprived of. If a parachutist plans to perform any acrobatic elements, the height from which it is performed must be at least 3000-4000 meters. Beginners can jump from such a height in only one parachute system instructor. In this case, the responsibility for deploying the parachute, control and soft landing rests entirely with the tandem master.

Why are restrictions needed and what is the critical minimum?

Restrictions on the minimum jump height were not invented by chance. The fact is that it takes some time for the parachute to fill with air. If these requirements are neglected, there is a high probability that the parachute simply will not have time to open completely, and the parachutist will receive serious injuries. Critical minimum for full disclosure the landing parachute is 250-300 meters.

There are also small parachutes that are used for jumping from fixed objects (bridges, cliffs, high buildings). This type The sport is called base jumping and, due to its high level of trauma, is considered extremely extreme. The minimum height for jumping with such a parachute is 100-150 meters.

However, in parachuting There are many records, including the minimum jump height. The record, which no one has yet managed to break, was set by Tereke Spencer, who during World War II, in 1945, parachuted out of a downed fighter from a height of slightly more than 10 meters. However, it is hardly worth tempting fate and repeating his feat in Peaceful time in the absence of urgent need.

Skydiving is popular in modern world. Some people engage in this sport professionally, for others, skydiving is a way to tickle their nerves and get a dose of adrenaline. Has anyone ever wondered how many lines a parachute has?

What is a parachute?

The parachute is an ingenious and simple invention by an engineer from St. Petersburg, Gleb Evgenievich Kotelnikov. He was the first to create backpack device, received a patent for his invention in nineteen twelve.

A parachute is a hemisphere made of fabric, to which a load or suspension system. It is designed to slow down and soften a fall from a height. Used for the safe landing of a person or cargo, it has several varieties.

How many lines do parachutes have?

This is of course very interest Ask. There are several types of parachutes, all of them with different quantities sling There is a main parachute and a reserve, landing, army and cargo. There are main and additional slings, they are all made from high-quality durable fiber and can withstand a load (each) of up to two hundred kilograms. To answer the question of how many lines a parachute has, you need to consider each instance separately.

Army parachute

The armed forces have been using parachutes of the same series for many years. From the sixties to the present day these are D-5 and D-6 parachutes. They differ in size, weight and number of lines.

How many lines does army parachute D-5? There are twenty-eight of them, nine meters each. The parachute itself is dome-shaped and cannot be controlled. Land with it however and wherever you are lucky. This is the only but serious minus of this series.

Next, the D-6 parachute was released. It has thirty lines. Twenty-eight are normal, and two are designed to control the dome. They are located in the side slits of the parachute. If you pull these lines, you can turn and rotate the canopy in the desired direction. This is very useful quality, if the landing does not take place at a training ground, but in mountainous conditions, forest areas or in a place where there are bodies of water.

Paratrooper's parachute

In order for paratroopers to feel calm during a jump, they are provided with D-10 series parachutes. This is an improved version of the D-6. It has the shape of a squash, the dome size is one hundred square meters! Even a novice skydiver can easily control this parachute. Ease of control depends on how many lines there are in parachute: the more there are, the easier it is to manage.

The D-10 has twenty-six main lines: twenty-two four-meter lines and two seven-meter lines attached to loops in the canopy slits. There are also twenty-two additional slings located on the outside, their length is three meters, made of durable ShKP-150 cord.

There are also twenty-four additional internal lines. They are attached to additional slings. Two additional ones are attached to the second and fourteenth at once. This is the answer to the question of how many slings are in airborne parachute. The D-10 is considered one of the safest parachutes in history.

Why do you need a reserve parachute?

The reserve parachute must be mandatory be with the parachutist during the jump. It is designed for emergency deployment when the main one does not open or if it is twisted. In such a situation, it no longer matters whether the canopy is controlled or not, or how many lines the parachutes have - none of the additional ones will help. Of course, an experienced skydiver will try to straighten the main one first, which will waste additional time. If it was not possible to straighten, then a reserve parachute will save the situation. It opens quickly and easily.

To learn how to use a spare tire, you don’t need to go through a lot of training; even a child can handle this task.

How many lines does a reserve parachute have? Typically, such parachutes are the same for all major types. These are series 3 and 4. The spare lines are arranged in four groups. Each has six lines. The total is twenty-four. Of course, a reserve parachute is not designed for control; its main task is to quickly open and save a person’s life.

What do you need to know when making a parachute jump for the first time?

If you are not in and skydiving is just a dream, not military duty, then it’s worth starting with training courses. Even if you decide to jump with an instructor in tandem, training is necessary in order not to harm either yourself or the instructor. He’s already scared to jump with a person, and even be responsible for someone’s life. Such courses cost from three thousand rubles - it depends on the company providing these services.

Before going to the club, make sure to obtain a medical certificate: a heart attack during a jump is a serious and dangerous thing. And it can happen, because when you jump into the abyss, so much adrenaline splashes out that it will last for a year. And the fear of jumping can also lead to sad consequences if your heart is naughty. The pressure should also be the same as when joining the space forces. If there excess weight, then you should also consult a doctor whether you should jump or not.

If you are under eighteen years of age, written permission from your parents to jump will be useful. Don’t forget to warn them what you are going to do; the instructor will not allow you within a kilometer of the parachute without their written consent. People with mental disorders, after recent operations, with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, with respiratory tract disease.

If your weight is more than one hundred and twenty kilograms, then you will be denied a tandem jump. Weight less than forty-five kilograms is a contraindication for a single jump. Pregnant women are also not allowed. First, calmly carry the child out, do not hide your position from the instructor in order to make the jump.

Skydiving is a dream for many. Do not drink alcohol before it under any circumstances. It is clear that the joy is off the charts, but it is better to celebrate this event after the fact, especially since you will not be allowed to jump with the smell of alcohol. And if you decide to drink so as not to be scared, then it is better to abstain from this idea altogether. And good luck to everyone who passed the medical examination!