Etiquette: rules of good manners and social manners. Basic rules of etiquette in society. Etiquette in modern society

ETIQUETTE (French - etiquette - label, label) - a set of rules of behavior relating to the external manifestation of attitude towards people - (dealing with others, forms of address and greetings, in in public places, and clothing). E. - component external culture eb-va (Culture of behavior). It includes those of its requirements, which acquire the character of a strictly per-lacentated ceremonial and, in compliance with which, has special meaning definite shape behavior. Although E. ultimately varies the content of those. or other principles of morality, respect for man, in a class society it, as a rule, becomes a conventional ritual, has a purely external form, divorced from its moral content, and is strictly canonized in nature.” It is expressed in complex system detailed rules of courtesy, clearly classifies the rules of dealing with representatives of various classes and estates, with officials in accordance with their rank (who should be addressed in the right way, who should be titled as), the rules of behavior in various circles (court E., diplomatic E. , E. "higher society", etc.). At the same time, strict adherence to E; an unkind and disrespectful attitude towards people may be hiding. He. in essence, it is often a legalized form of hypocrisy in everyday relationships between people. Economics is built on a completely different basis in a socialist society, reflecting the process of democratization social life and establishing truly humane relations between people. E. here is significantly simplified, becomes incomparably more free and natural, takes on the meaning of everyday benevolent and respectful attitude towards all people, regardless of their position and social status. Courteous treatment of a woman, respectful attitude towards elders, forms of address and greeting, rules of conversation, finishing at the table, dealing with guests, fulfilling requirements; requirements for a person’s clothing in various circumstances, all these laws of decency embody general ideas about human dignity, simple requirements of convenience and ease in human relationships. Charging to external form appears here only insofar as it reflects ideas about beauty in behavior and appearance human (ethical and aesthetic), In general, E. under socialism coincides with general requirements politeness, it is ultimately based on socialist humanism. As for the ritual forms of E., they are preserved basically. only in the sphere of diplomatic relations (compliance with the so-called diplomatic protocol). But they also reflect something fundamentally new in human relations - they provide for equal treatment of representatives of different countries.

Dictionary of ethics. - M.: Politizdat. Ed. I. Kona. 1981.

See what "ETIQUETTE" is in other dictionaries:

ETIQUETTE- (French). 1) rules and forms of address at court, in the highest circles, etc. 2) a piece of paper with the designation of the company, price, product name, etc., pasted on the product. Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. ETIQUETTE 1) ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

ETIQUETTE- ETIQUETTE, etiquette, husband. (French étiquette). 1. units only The established order of actions, behavior, forms of treatment (in high society, at court, etc.). Observe etiquette. Court etiquette. “As for how to behave, maintain the tone,... ... Dictionary Ushakova

Etiquette- Education * Greatness * Genius * Common Sense * Ideal * Manners * Opinion * Morals * Help * Action * Habit * Reputation * Advice * Secret * Talent * Character ... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms

etiquette- See decency... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. etiquette sign, decency; politeness, decency, bonton, decency Dictionary of Russian synonyms ... Synonym dictionary

etiquette- Appetite, boots, galvanism, hood, flirt, chest of drawers, fashion, audience, role, roulette, symmetry, stage, toilet, shandal, screen, egoism, crew, etiquette. If we leave aside card argotisms, then words borrowed from foreign languages, in ... History of words

ETIQUETTE- male, French rank, order, secular custom of external rites and decency; accepted, conventional, brittle politeness; ceremonial; external ritualism. important, nothing to do with this, to maintain etiquette with importance and persistence, as if it were business. Intelligent... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

ETIQUETTE- (from French étiquette). A system of requirements established in a particular culture for human behavior in different situations. In language classes, speech etiquette is studied as a set of rules of speech behavior implemented with... ... New dictionary methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of language teaching)

Etiquette- traditional generally accepted rules of behavior.

Etiquette concept.

What is etiquette?

Let's look in the dictionary: the term “etiquette” (from the French etiquette) means the form, manner of behavior, rules of courtesy and politeness accepted in a particular society. Etiquette is a combination of formal rules of behavior in predetermined situations with common sense, the rationality of the content embedded in them.

What does it consist of? practical significance etiquette? Etiquette allows people without special effort use ready-made forms of politeness accepted in a given society various groups people and at different levels. Etiquette these days ( modern etiquette) describes the behavior of people in everyday life, at work, in public places and on the street, at a party and at various kinds of official events - receptions, ceremonies, negotiations.

Scientists identify the following classification of the etiquette subsystem:

1. Speech or verbal etiquette.
2. Speech etiquette determines which verbal formulas are best to use if necessary: ​​to greet, congratulate, thank, make amends, make a request to someone, invite somewhere, express condolences. TO speech etiquette also include the theory and practice of argumentation the art of conversation.

Facial expressions and gestures.

Many nations have their own specific gestures of greeting, farewell, agreement, denial, and surprise. Let's say, a well-known and generally positive gesture when we raise up thumb, among some peoples it has the same meaning as if we raised not the thumb, but the middle finger. These gestures may have different colors: neutral, ritually solemn, familiarly vulgar. People also express their attitude towards the interlocutor and the topic of conversation with the help of facial expressions, smiles, and the direction of their gaze.

Organization of space in etiquette (or etiquette proxemics).

Very great importance in etiquette has mutual arrangement interlocutors in space. Everyone has heard about personal space, that it depends on many factors: not only on personality and nationality, but also on the area of ​​residence. Let's say that for rural residents it is much higher than for city residents. You need to know which place in the house or at the table is considered honorable (it, as a rule, has an owner in the person of the head of the family), what poses are acceptable in a given situation.

Etiquette paraphernalia (or the world of things in etiquette).

Label paraphernalia includes, first of all, clothing, jewelry and headwear, as well as gifts, flowers, Business Cards. Etiquette is usually understood as a set of rules of behavior in which, one way or another, a person’s attitude towards other people is manifested. Etiquette is extremely dependent on specific situation. The choice of our words, the use of gestures and facial expressions depend on the situation. What we usually say to friends and co-workers should not be heard by the boss (especially if the conversation is about him), since there is a high probability of being misinterpreted - this is natural and understandable. Etiquette situations can be associated with everyday communication, with festive events, with the performance of certain rituals or with special circumstances.

The modern world requires from a modern person specific skills of behavior and communication when he finds himself in certain situations. Does he travel abroad, enter into business and personal relationships? is present at diplomatic receptions, presentations or opening days. Modern man V modern world leads a life that requires establishing contacts with people who speak other languages ​​and are associated with distant, sometimes exotic and incomprehensible cultures. This creates new requirements for behavior, appearance, and language. Requires a scrupulous study of not only your own, but also other cultures

Etiquette is more reminiscent not of a strict black suit and James Bond bow tie, but of rules traffic. For example, if you are alone in the room, you can say anything and everything you want about “what they are all like.” You can scream, spit, pick your nose, or eat scrambled eggs with your hands. The main thing is that you won’t surprise or offend anyone by doing this, no one will express their opinion to you in response. You did not violate anything because you acted in accordance with the rules acceptable in your Personal Society. But as soon as another person appears next to you, you need to take into account his opinion when taking this or that action.
It should be noted that a tactful and well-mannered person behaves in accordance with the norms of etiquette not only at official ceremonies, but also at home. Genuine politeness, which is based on goodwill, is determined by an act, a sense of proportion, suggesting what can and cannot be done under certain circumstances. Such a person will never violate public order, neither by word nor deed will offend another, will not insult his dignity.

There are often people who have more than one standard of behavior: in public there is one thing, but at home it is exactly the opposite (a sort of split in behavior is quite low, but, alas, a common phenomenon). In the presence of colleagues (at work or a corporate party), with acquaintances or those whom they call friends (and even more so with their superiors), such individuals are sickly polite and helpful. But at home, with loved ones, they are rude, cruel and hot-tempered like gunpowder (usually over the most insignificant occasion). This indicates a person’s low culture or, rather, its complete absence and poor upbringing.

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In fact, the basics of etiquette are quite simple. This is a culture of speech, basic politeness, neat appearance and the ability to manage your emotions.

website presents to you a selection of current rules that every person who respects himself and others should know.

• If you say the phrase: “I invite you,” this means you pay. Another formulation: “Let’s go to a restaurant,” - in this case, everyone pays for themselves, and only if the man himself offers to pay for the woman, can she agree.
• Never come to visit without calling. If you are visited without warning, you can afford to wear a robe and curlers. One British lady said that when uninvited guests she always puts on shoes, a hat and takes an umbrella. If a person is pleasant to her, she will exclaim: “Oh, how lucky, I just came!” If it’s unpleasant: “Oh, what a pity, I have to leave.”
• Do not place your smartphone on a table in public places. By doing this you show how important role a communication device plays a role in your life and how much you are uninterested in the annoying chatter going on nearby. At any moment you are ready to leave useless conversations and once again check your Instagram feed, answer an important call or get distracted to find out what fifteen new levels have been released in Angry Birds.

• You should not invite a girl on a date and communicate with her via SMS messages.
• A man never wears women's bag. AND woman coat he takes it only to carry it to the locker room.
• If you are walking with someone and your companion says hello to a stranger, you should say hello too.
• Many people believe that sushi can only be eaten with chopsticks. However, this is not entirely correct. Men, unlike women, can eat sushi with their hands.
• Shoes should ALWAYS be clean.
• Don't make idle chatter on the phone. If you need an intimate conversation, it is better to meet with a friend face to face.
• If you are insulted, you should not respond with similar rudeness, and, moreover, raise your voice at the person who insulted you. Don't stoop to his level. Smile and politely move away from the ill-mannered interlocutor.
• On the street, a man should walk to the left of a woman. Only military personnel can walk on the right and must be ready to perform a military salute.
• Drivers should remember that spraying mud at passers-by in cold blood is blatant incivility.
• A woman may wear her hat and gloves indoors, but not her cap and mittens.
• Nine things should be kept secret: age, wealth, a gap in the house, prayer, the composition of a medicine, a love affair, a gift, honor and dishonor.

• When you come to the cinema, theater, or concert, you should go to your seats only facing those sitting. The man goes first.
• A man is always the first to enter a restaurant. main reason- on this basis, the head waiter has the right to draw conclusions about who is the initiator of coming to the establishment and who will pay. In case of arrival big company- the one from whom the invitation to the restaurant came first enters and pays. But if a doorman meets visitors at the entrance, the man must let the woman through first. After which the gentleman finds empty seats.
• You should never touch a woman without her desire, take her by the hand, touch her during a conversation, push her or take her by the arm above the elbow, except when you are helping her get on or off a vehicle, or cross the street. .
• If someone calls you impolitely (for example: “Hey, you!”), you should not respond to this call. However, there is no need to lecture or educate others during a short meeting. It is better to teach a lesson in etiquette by example.
• The golden rule when using perfume is moderation. If in the evening you smell your perfume, know that everyone else has already suffocated.
• A well-mannered man will NEVER ALLOW himself to fail to show due respect to a woman.
• In the presence of a woman, men smoke only with her permission.
• Whoever you are - a director, an academician, an elderly woman or a schoolboy - when entering the room, say hello first.
• Maintain confidentiality of correspondence. Parents should not read letters intended for their children. Spouses should do the same towards each other. Anyone who rummages through the pockets of loved ones in search of notes or letters is acting extremely rudely.
• Don't try to keep up with fashion. It's better to look unfashionable but good than fashionable and bad.

• If after an apology you are forgiven, you should not return to the offensive issue again and ask for forgiveness again, just do not repeat such mistakes.
• Laughing too loudly, communicating noisily, staring at people is offensive.
• Don't forget to thank your loved ones, relatives and friends. Their good deeds and the willingness to offer one’s help is not an obligation, but an expression of feelings worthy of gratitude.

And finally, here are the words of the legendary American actor Jack Nicholson:

“I am very sensitive to the rules good manners. How to pass a plate. Don't shout from one room to another. Do not open closed door without knocking. Let the lady go first. The purpose of all these countless simple rules- make life better. We cannot live in a state of chronic war with our parents - this is stupid. I take great care of my manners. This is not some kind of abstraction. This is for everyone clear language mutual respect."

Allows people to effortlessly use ready-made forms of politeness accepted in a given society by different groups of people and at different levels.

Etiquette is a combination of formal rules of behavior in predetermined situations with common sense, the rationality of the content embedded in them and means the form, manner of behavior, rules of courtesy and politeness accepted in a particular society

Etiquette these days (modern etiquette) describes the behavior of people in everyday life, at work, in public places and on the street, at a party and at various kinds of official events - receptions, ceremonies, negotiations.

Scientists identify the following classification of the etiquette subsystem:
Speech or verbal etiquette.
Speech etiquette determines which verbal formulas are best to use if necessary: ​​to greet, congratulate, thank, make amends, make a request to someone, invite somewhere, express condolences. Speech etiquette also includes the theory and practice of argumentation - the art of conducting a conversation.

Facial expressions and gestures.
Many peoples have their own specific greetings, farewells, agreements, denials, and surprises. For example, the well-known and generally positive gesture when we raise our thumb up, for some peoples has the same meaning as if we raised not the thumb, but the middle finger. These gestures can have different colors: neutral, ritually solemn, familiarly vulgar. People also express their attitude towards the interlocutor and the topic of conversation with the help of facial expressions, smiles, and the direction of their gaze.

Organization of space in etiquette (or etiquette proxemics).
The relative position of interlocutors in space is very important in etiquette. Everyone has heard about personal space, that it depends on many factors: not only on personality and nationality, but also on the area of ​​residence. Let's say that for rural residents it is much higher than for city residents. You need to know which place in the house or at the table is considered honorable (it, as a rule, has an owner in the person of the head of the family), what poses are acceptable in a given situation.

Etiquette paraphernalia (or the world of things in etiquette).
Label paraphernalia includes, first of all, clothing, jewelry and headwear, as well as gifts, flowers, and business cards.

Etiquette is usually understood as a set of rules of behavior in which, one way or another, a person’s attitude towards other people is manifested. Etiquette is extremely dependent on the specific situation. The choice of our words, the use of gestures and facial expressions depend on the situation. What we usually say to friends and co-workers should not be heard by the boss (especially if the conversation is about him), since there is a high probability of being misinterpreted - this is natural and understandable. Etiquette situations can be associated with everyday communication, with festive events, with the performance of certain rituals or with special circumstances.

The modern world requires from a modern person specific skills of behavior and communication when he finds himself in certain situations. Does he go abroad, enter into business and personal relationships? is present at diplomatic receptions, presentations or opening days. A modern person in the modern world leads a life that requires establishing contacts with people who speak other languages ​​and are associated with distant, sometimes exotic and incomprehensible cultures. This creates new requirements for behavior, appearance, and language. It requires a scrupulous study of not only your own, but also other cultures.

The etiquette is less reminiscent of the strict black suit and bow tie of James Bond, and more reminiscent of the rules of the road. For example, if you are alone in the room, you can say anything and everything you want about “what they are all like...” You can scream, spit, pick your nose, or eat scrambled eggs with your hands. The main thing is that you won’t surprise or offend anyone by doing this, no one will express their opinion to you in response. You did not violate anything because you acted in accordance with the rules acceptable in your Personal Society. But as soon as another person appears next to you, you need to take into account his opinion when taking this or that action.
It should be noted that a tactful and well-mannered person behaves in accordance with the norms of etiquette not only at official ceremonies, but also at home. Genuine politeness, which is based on goodwill, is determined by an act, a sense of proportion, suggesting what can and cannot be done under certain circumstances. Such a person will never violate public order, will not offend another by word or deed, will not insult his dignity.

There are often people who have more than one standard of behavior: in public there is one thing, but at home it is exactly the opposite (a kind of split in behavior is quite low, but, alas, a common phenomenon). In the presence of colleagues (at work or a corporate party), with acquaintances or those whom they call friends (and even more so with their superiors), such individuals are sickly polite and helpful. But at home, with loved ones, they are rude, cruel and hot-tempered like gunpowder (usually over the most insignificant occasion). This indicates a person’s low culture or, rather, its complete absence and poor upbringing.

Origin of the word "etiquette"

The word etiquette is French origin. Etiquette in translation means label, label and ceremony, that is, the order of conducting a certain ceremony. This word entered the Russian language in the 18th century, when court life was taking shape. absolute monarchy, broad political and cultural ties between Russia and other states were established.

Indeed, etiquette is a form of public control over the behavior of each person, and violation of etiquette causes certain sanctions. They can be different: from condemning amazement to a fine for violating public order.

The meaning of "etiquette"

The term "etiquette" means the form, manner of behavior, rules of courtesy and politeness accepted in a particular society.

The peculiarity of what is called etiquette is the combination of formal rules of behavior in predetermined situations with common sense, the rationality of the content embedded in them.

The practical significance of etiquette is that it enables people to use already ready-made forms common politeness for communicating with different groups of people and at different levels.

Of great importance for people’s communication is their appearance, clothing, and the ability to behave correctly in public places and in various situations. Well dressed, tastefully dressed makes a favorable impression polite man, who knows how to carry himself in any circumstances and always behaves accordingly.

The manner of speaking and the ability to maintain a conversation are also of no small importance when people treat each other. In order to be a good conversationalist, you need to know what you are talking about and be able to express your thoughts in such a way that they are interesting and do not seem edifying or moralizing.

The ability to manage your negative emotions indicates good manners and good manners. According to etiquette, the best remedy conquering irritation and dissatisfaction in yourself and others is a human smile.

In etiquette, attentiveness, the ability to listen to the speaker, and to provide a service to those in need are highly valued.

Where did etiquette originate?

England and France are usually called “classical countries of etiquette.” However, they cannot be called the birthplace of etiquette. Rough morals, ignorance, worship of brute force, etc. in the 15th century they ruled in both countries. There is no need to talk about Germany and other countries of Europe at that time; only Italy of that time is an exception. The improvement of the morals of Italian society began already in the 14th century. Man was moving from feudal morals to the spirit of modern times, and this transition began in Italy earlier than in other countries. If we compare Italy in the 15th century with other European nations, we immediately notice a higher degree of education, wealth, and ability to decorate our lives. And at the same time, England, having finished one war, is drawn into another, remaining a country of barbarians until the middle of the 16th century. In Germany, the cruel and irreconcilable war of the Hussites was raging, the nobility was ignorant, fist law reigned, and all disputes were resolved by force. France was enslaved and devastated by the British, the French did not recognize any merits other than military ones, they not only did not respect science, but even abhorred it and considered all scientists the most insignificant of people.

In short, while the rest of Europe was drowning in civil strife, and the feudal order was still in place full force, Italy was a country of new culture. This country deserves rightly to be called the birthplace of etiquette.

The concept of etiquette

The established moral norms are the result of a long-term process of establishing relationships between people. Without observing these norms, political, economic, and cultural relations are impossible, because you cannot exist without respecting each other, without imposing certain restrictions on yourself.

Etiquette is a word of French origin meaning manner of behavior. It includes the rules of courtesy and politeness accepted in society.

Modern etiquette inherits the customs of almost all nations from hoary antiquity to the present day. Fundamentally, these rules of conduct are universal, since they are observed not only by representatives of a given society, but also by representatives of the most diverse socio-political systems existing in the modern world. The peoples of each country make their own amendments and additions to etiquette, due to social order country, the specifics of its historical structure, national traditions and customs.

There are several types of etiquette, the main ones being:

court etiquette- strictly regulated order and forms of treatment established at the courts of monarchs;

diplomatic etiquette- rules of conduct for diplomats and other officials when contacting each other at various diplomatic receptions, visits, negotiations;

military etiquette- a set of rules, norms and behavior generally accepted in the army by military personnel in all areas of their activities;

general civil etiquette- a set of rules, traditions and conventions observed by citizens when communicating with each other

Most of the rules of diplomatic, military and civil etiquette coincide to one degree or another. The difference between them is that compliance with the rules of etiquette by diplomats is given higher value, since deviation from them or violation of these rules may cause damage to the prestige of the country or its official representatives and lead to complications in relations between states.

As the living conditions of mankind change, education and culture grow, some rules of behavior are replaced by others. What was previously considered indecent becomes generally accepted, and vice versa. But the requirements of etiquette are not absolute: compliance with them depends on the place, time and circumstances. Behavior that is unacceptable in one place and under some circumstances may be appropriate in another place and under other circumstances.

The norms of etiquette, in contrast to the norms of morality, are conditional; they have the nature of an unwritten agreement about what is generally accepted in people’s behavior and what is not. Every cultured person must not only know and observe the basic norms of etiquette, but also understand the need for certain rules and relationships. Manners largely reflect a person’s internal culture, his moral and intellectual qualities. The ability to behave correctly in society is very important: it facilitates the establishment of contacts, promotes mutual understanding, and creates good, stable relationships.

It should be noted that a tactful and well-mannered person behaves in accordance with the norms of etiquette not only at official ceremonies, but also at home. Genuine politeness, which is based on goodwill, is determined by an act, a sense of proportion, suggesting what can and cannot be done under certain circumstances. Such a person will never violate public order, will not offend another by word or deed, will not insult his dignity.

Unfortunately, there are people with a double standard of behavior: one in public, the other at home. At work, with acquaintances and friends, they are polite and helpful, but at home with loved ones they do not stand on ceremony, are rude and not tactful. This indicates a person’s low culture and poor upbringing.

Modern etiquette regulates the behavior of people in everyday life, at work, in public places and on the street, at a party and at various kinds of official events - receptions, ceremonies, negotiations.

So, etiquette is a very large and important part of universal human culture, morality, morality, developed over many centuries of life by all peoples in accordance with their ideas about goodness, justice, humanity - in the field of moral culture and about beauty, order, improvement, everyday expediency - in the field of material culture.