How airborne conscripts jump with a parachute. What is the minimum height for a parachute jump. Why are restrictions needed and what is the critical minimum?

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Cash reward for parachute jumping (landing with equipment)

170. Military personnel for parachute jumps (landing with equipment) from airplanes (helicopters), provided for by the approved combat (training) training plan, as well as experimental jumps performed on the instructions of the commander-in-chief Air Force or, respectively, the commander of the Airborne Forces, the head of the Air Force and Air Defense Navy, paid monetary reward in the following sizes:

171. Military personnel holding the rank of parachute master or master international class or an honored master of parachute sports, a monetary reward is paid for each jump from an airplane, starting from jump 201 to jump 1000, in the amount of 12 percent, and for each jump, starting from 1001, in the amount of 13 percent of the salary for a military position at 10 tariff category (Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure).
172. For each complicated parachute jump, but for no more than two complication factors, and for a graduate who made a parachute jump, for no more than three complication factors, the amount of monetary reward increases by 2 percent of the salary for a military position in the 10th tariff category ( Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure).
Complex jumps include:
for fulfilling the duties of the releaser (when performing a jump);
with a parachute opening delay of at least 20 s, including stabilization of the fall;
to a limited area;
in difficult weather conditions (when the height of the lower edge of the clouds is below the specified release height);
when the wind speed at the ground is more than 5 m/s;
to landing sites (exceeding 500 m above sea level);
at night, on the water (except for jumping in diving equipment) or forest;
with weapons (except a pistol);
with a cargo container weighing more than 4 kg, not counting service equipment;
following the landing equipment;
from altitudes less than 500 m and more than 4000 m;
from an airplane at a flight speed of over 200 km/h.
173. For parachute jumps performed by ejection and on the water in diving equipment, the amount of monetary reward calculated in the manner provided for in paragraphs 171-172 of this Procedure is increased by the decision of the commander of the military unit to 4 percent of the salary for a military position in the 10th tariff category ( Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure) depending on the complexity of the jump.
For landing inside equipment or together with it, monetary remuneration is paid in the amount of 20 percent of the salary for a military position in the 10th tariff category (Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure) to each military personnel.
174. When performing experimental jumps in addition to the monetary remuneration provided for in paragraphs 171 - 172 of this Procedure, an additional 3 to 10 percent of the salary for a military position in the 10th tariff category (Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure) is paid, depending on the complexity of the jump.
The amount of additional remuneration for each experimental jump is determined by the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force or, respectively, the commander of the Airborne Forces, the head of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy when they approve the report on the jump performed.
175. Monetary remuneration to military personnel specified in subparagraphs “a” and “b” of paragraph 170 of this Procedure is paid for no more than two jumps, to military personnel specified in subparagraph “c” of the same paragraph - for no more than three jumps performed one day. This restriction does not apply to experimental jumps.
Military personnel who have the title of Master of Parachute Sports or Master of International Class or Honored Master of Parachute Sports are paid a monetary reward for all parachute jumps performed within one day, but within the limits of the norms for paid jumps.
176. Cash reward within calendar year is paid for parachute jumps performed according to the combat (training) training plan, but not more than within the limits of the annual norms for paid jumps established for certain categories of military personnel by the officials specified in paragraph 170 of this Procedure.
177. Military personnel who are members of sports parachute teams are paid monetary compensation for parachute jumps performed according to the combat (training) training plan, but no more than:
for commands of formations, associations and military educational institutions vocational education - 150 jumps per year;
for teams of combined branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the Armed Forces - 200 jumps per year;
for teams of the Armed Forces and military personnel of the 3rd Central Sports Parachute Club - 400 jumps per year.
Military personnel who are members of national sports parachute teams of branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the Armed Forces are, in addition to the specified norm, allowed to make 50 paid parachute jumps in preparation for the Armed Forces Championship and each international competition.
178. Monetary reward is paid military unit, in which the jumps were made, based on the order of the commander of the military unit, indicating the date of each jump, complication factors and what kind of jump it is.
When determining the amount of monetary reward, all documented parachute jumps performed by a military serviceman are taken into account, including in the period before conscription (entry) into military service.
179. No monetary reward is paid for parachute jumps performed:
not according to the combat (training) training plan;
in excess of two or three jumps per day for relevant categories of military personnel;
in excess of that established for separate category military personnel annual rate of paid jumps.
180. Citizens called up in the prescribed manner for training and verification training, performing parachute jumps (landing with equipment) during these training camps, are subject to payment of monetary compensation in the manner and amount established by paragraphs 170 - 179 of this Procedure for the relevant categories of military personnel.

The Airborne Forces plan to train about 300 high-altitude specialists by the end of 2015. airborne training, which can jump from heights of up to 8000 meters.

This was reported by Interfax-AVN with reference to the representative of the press service and information department of the Russian Ministry of Defense for the Airborne Forces, Lieutenant Colonel Evgeny Meshkov. According to command plans airborne troops a battalion capable of landing from altitudes of four to eight kilometers and a unit of instructors for high-altitude airborne training should appear. High-altitude skydivers must be able to skillfully use special oxygen equipment and use the special-purpose parachute system "Crossbow".

The basic program for training high-altitude specialists is designed for five to ten weeks, taking into account their performance of from 100 to 250 practical parachute jumps with a delay in opening the main parachute from 80 to 130 seconds.

We must immediately clarify that there will be no mass jumps from extreme heights. This is the privilege of scouts. Moreover for combat use will not be used “Crossbows”, with which you can only train, but completely different and still secret parachute systems.

It is important for paratroopers to deliver their troops to the landing zone without the aircraft being in the air defense zone. And the landing itself should be carried out as quickly as possible, as closely as possible, and so as not to come under fire from the ground. To do this, they fly behind enemy lines at the highest possible altitude, and jump from the highest possible lower limit.

Is it possible to jump from a flight altitude that is unattainable for military air defense systems?

Quite a lot of research work was carried out. By the way, it was carried out not only in Russia, but also in the USA. Overseas, I must say, they have succeeded, and high-altitude landings are the order of the day there.

It turned out that you can jump from heights of up to eight kilometers with a delay in opening the parachute so that the canopy opens almost at the ground. But here heavy equipment throwing with a delay turned out to be problematic. And it could turn out that all the troops would gather in the specified landing area, and the armored vehicles would fly off somewhere very far away. It turned out completely objectively - jumping from extreme heights is suitable only for special forces and reconnaissance units or those who must secure the main landing zone from the ground, clearing it of enemy fire weapons.

In the USA, high-altitude jumps have been mastered and are also used only in the special forces of the Green Berets and forces special operations.

What benefits does high-altitude landing give to special forces paratroopers? You can leave the plane tens of kilometers from the planned landing site. Then silently glide and land directly at the point. Modern systems have a semi-automatic parachute control system according to given coordinates. As a rule, the landing takes place at night, the parachutes are camouflaged, and it is almost impossible to see special forces in the sky. Such jumps are very difficult. In addition to weapons and other equipment, the paratrooper is equipped with special oxygen equipment.

According to our experts, the USA for a long time were ahead of us in the high-altitude landing of their special forces. The turning point came several years ago. An experimental program for special parachute training for the Special Operations Forces was developed and approved by the Chief of the General Staff. It has been successfully mastered. Domestic equipment and parachute systems, no worse than American ones, have been created and are in the process of being put into service, which allow the domestic Special Operations Forces to carry out any tasks anywhere in the world.

Airborne troops in mandatory undergo jump training during the training phase. Then the skills of parachute jumping are used during combat operations or demonstration performances. Jumping has special rules: requirements for parachutes, aircraft used, and training of soldiers. The landing party needs to know all these requirements for a safe flight and landing.

A paratrooper cannot jump without training. Education - mandatory stage before the start of real airborne jumps, during it theoretical training and jumping practice take place. All the information that is told to future paratroopers during training is given below.

Aircraft for transportation and landing

What planes do paratroopers jump from? Russian army on this moment uses several aircraft to drop troops. The main one is IL-76, but other flying machines are also used:

• AN-12;
• MI6;
• MI-8.

IL-76 remains preferable because it is most conveniently equipped for landing, has a spacious luggage compartment and retains pressure well even at high altitudes, if the landing party needs to jump there. Its body is sealed, but in case emergency situations the compartment for paratroopers is equipped with individual oxygen masks. This way, every skydiver will not experience a lack of oxygen during the flight.

The plane reaches speeds of approximately 300 km per hour, and this is the optimal indicator for landing in military conditions.

Jump height

From what height do paratroopers usually jump with a parachute? The height of the jump depends on the type of parachute and the aircraft used for landing. The recommended optimal landing altitude is 800-1000 meters above the ground. This indicator is convenient in combat conditions, since at this altitude the aircraft is less exposed to fire. At the same time, the air is not too thin for the paratrooper to land.

From what height do paratroopers usually jump in non-training situations? The deployment of the D-5 or D-6 parachute when landing from an IL-76 occurs at an altitude of 600 meters. The usual distance required for full disclosure– 200 meters. That is, if the landing begins at a height of 1200, then the deployment will occur at around 1000. The maximum permissible during landing is 2000 meters.

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More advanced models of parachutes allow you to start landing from a level of several thousand meters. Thus, the modern D-10 model allows you to land on maximum height no more than 4000 m above the ground. In this case, the minimum permissible level for deployment is 200. It is recommended to start deployment earlier to reduce the likelihood of injury and a hard landing.

Types of parachutes

Since the 1990s, Russia has used two main types of landing parachutes: D-5 and D-6. The first is the simplest and does not allow you to adjust the landing location. How many lines does a paratrooper's parachute have? Depends on the model. The sling in D-5 is 28, the ends are fixed, which is why it is impossible to adjust the direction of flight. The length of the slings is 9 meters. The weight of one set is about 15 kg.

A more advanced model of the D-5 is the D-6 paratrooper's parachute. In it, the ends of the lines can be released and the threads can be pulled, adjusting the direction of flight. To turn left, you need to pull the lines on the left, to maneuver to the right side, pull the thread on the right. Square parachute canopy the same as D-5 (83 square meters). The weight of the kit is reduced - only 11 kilograms, it is most convenient for paratroopers still in training, but already trained. During training, about 5 jumps are made (with express courses), D-6 is recommended to be issued after the first or second. There are 30 rafters in the set, four of which allow you to control the parachute.

D-10 kits have been developed for complete beginners; this is an updated version, which only recently became available to the army. There are more rafters here: 26 main and 24 additional. Of the 26 stops, 4 allow you to control the system, their length is 7 meters, and the remaining 22 are 4 meters. It turns out that there are only 22 external additional lines and 24 internal additional ones. Such a number of cords (all of them are made of nylon) allow maximum flight control and course correction during disembarkation. The dome area of ​​D-10 is as much as 100 square meters. At the same time, the dome is made in the shape of a squash, a convenient green color without a pattern, so that after the landing of the paratrooper it would be more difficult to detect.

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Rules for deplaning

The paratroopers disembark from the cabin in a certain order. In IL-76 this happens in several threads. For disembarkation there are two side doors and a ramp. At educational activities prefer to use side doors exclusively. Disembarkation can be carried out:

• in one stream of two doors (with a minimum of personnel);
• in two streams from two doors (with an average number of paratroopers);
• three or four streams of two doors (for large-scale training activities);
• in two streams both from the ramp and from the doors (during combat operations).

The distribution into streams is done so that the jumpers do not collide with each other when landing and cannot get caught. There is a small delay between threads, usually several tens of seconds.

Mechanism of flight and parachute deployment

After landing, the paratrooper must calculate 5 seconds. It cannot be considered a standard method: “1, 2, 3...”. It will turn out too quickly, the real 5 seconds will not pass yet. It’s better to count like this: “121, 122...”. Nowadays the most commonly used counting is starting from 500: “501, 502, 503...”.

Immediately after the jump, the stabilizing parachute automatically opens (the stages of its deployment can be seen in the video). This is a small dome that prevents the paratrooper from spinning while falling. Stabilization prevents flips in the air, in which a person begins to fly upside down (this position does not allow the parachute to open).

After five seconds, stabilization is completely removed, and the main dome must be activated. This is done either using a ring or automatically. A good paratrooper must be able to adjust the opening of the parachute himself, which is why trained students are given kits with a ring. After activating the ring, the main dome opens completely within 200 meters of fall. The duties of a trained paratrooper paratrooper include camouflage after landing.

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Safety rules: how to protect troops from injury

Parachutes require special treatment and care to ensure that jumps using them are as safe as possible. Immediately after use, the parachute must be folded correctly, otherwise its service life will be sharply reduced. An incorrectly folded parachute may not function during landing, resulting in death.

• “Of the five thousand residents of Rostov celebrating Airborne Forces Day, only one and a half thousand actually served in the airborne forces”
  

Today is Airborne Forces Day!

Airborne Forces Day!

Day of the Paratroopers or “Landing Forces”!

Of course, every year, the “Landing Forces” are becoming quieter. Grandiose fights and showdowns with the “Watermelon” mafia in the markets are slowly becoming a thing of the past. Still, our country is becoming more and more tough on all kinds of lawlessness, on the one hand, on the other hand, we are fighting in some places around the world. And it has long been noticed that if the country’s Army leads real fighting, less people bathes in fountains and goes to protest rallies.

Therefore, the question is always relevant: how to distinguish a real paratrooper from one who simply puts on a vest and takes it, or maybe even wears a “Throwaway” tattoo, drinks in the fountain and tells army stories.

By the way, this is what distinguishes Muscovites. Anyone who served in the Airborne Forces knows that rotten soldiers are more often found among those drafted from Moscow...

Of course not all, there are many excellent fighters among the guys from Moscow. I myself had a “friend” from the Capital in the army.

But honestly, everyone knows that among the residents of Moscow there are “not very good comrades”, more than from the outskirts of the country...

In our company there was a “Muscovite”, the only communist among the soldiers. By the way, he was sent to the army after “shar” (shar or sharatsya is another slang expression in the army and airborne forces) in civilian life. He was the released secretary of the Komsomol, I don’t remember where. There was a reprieve, but he got knocked up and was sent to serve in elite troops. I'm sure he bathes in the fountain and drinks in a beret and vest.

But for every real paratrooper there are several fake ones. So let's start learning to identify the deceiver. I will give below a few questions and some detailed answers to these questions.

Knowing the answers to these questions, you can identify a fake “Landing”!

1. Where did you serve?

The answer to the Airborne Forces or DShB does not work, just like the DMB (this is demobilization!). As well as the place of service, such as Pskov, Ryazan, and so on. Maybe he's heard enough army tales from his older brother or neighbor. By the way, addition, in the military camp of the airborne unit there may even be construction battalions. For example in Pskov. If anyone remembers, soldiers from the construction battalion went to the photographer and took photos in a “demobilization parade with axels” and a blue beret. They sent us home and boldly told us that they were serving in the Airborne Forces. Of course they did it secretly. The construction battalions were not very fond of landings. In Pskov, there was a garrison lip (gaubwatch), this is a place where soldiers and officers are detained for minor and major violations of military discipline. The lip was guarded by the guard of the Pskov division

2. Part number?

Each military unit has a number. The unit number is hammered into the soldier's head. As well as the number of the machine gun and military ID. I served almost 30 years ago and still remember.

3. What is the VUS?

VUS, this military registration specialty is written on the Military ID. If such a Landing is shown to you by his military officer, then looking at his VUS, you will understand who he really is. “Military specialty (MRS) is an indication of the military specialty of an active or reserve service member of the Russian Armed Forces and other troops and formations. Information about the military service is entered into the military ID. All VUS are divided into groups; the VUS designation itself is a multi-digit number (for example, VUS-250400).

Possible list of military specialties

Apparently, there are no open sources containing decryption of the codes of all currently operating VUS: the VUS catalog is a document of the Russian Ministry of Defense with the secrecy level “Secret”.

The first three digits of the VUS for warrant officers, sergeants, foremen and soldiers indicate specialization (VUS code), for example:

100 - rifle
101 - snipers
102 - grenade launchers
106 - military reconnaissance
107 - units and units of the Special Forces
122 - BMD
461 - HF radio stations
998 - not having military training fit for military service
999 - the same thing, only LIMITEDLY fit for military service, etc.

The following three digits indicate the position (position code):

97 - ZKV
182 - KO
259 - MV
001 - battery operator, etc.

The letter at the end indicates “special characteristics of the service”:

A - having none
B - missile weapons specialists
D - Airborne Forces
K - crew of surface ships
M - MP
P - V.v.
R - PV (FPS)
S - Ministry of Emergency Situations (?)
T - construction parts and divisions
F - SpN, etc.
E - Flight personnel for warrant officers, sergeants, soldiers

4. How many times did you jump? Usually you will hear mind-boggling numbers of 30-40-50, or maybe 100 jumps. “The annual norm for a conscript soldier is 12 jumps, 6 in each training period. At all parachute training- a mandatory condition of service in the Airborne Forces. Everyone is parachuted - from the general to the private" - interview with Shamanov. For those who don’t know, Vladimir Shamanov is the Airborne Forces Commander and Colonel General. Even in the USSR, jump more than 20 times, for conscript service was problematic. Because the soldier went on guard duty (this is when a man with a gun buries “Guba”, warehouses and parks with equipment), went on duty in the park (where the equipment is located), and finally on duty in the dining room (where he peeled potatoes, set the table and washed the dishes), stood “on the bedside table” (company duty), and so on... In the army there was self-service, the soldier did everything himself and no one freed him to make the jump. Of course, there were sports companies in the army. These are free units where soldiers mainly train and perform for the unit. For example, where I served, there was a “squadron”. Conscripts were skydiver athletes who did nothing but jump and compete. But this is a separate caste, they even wore a unique uniform, officer’s greatcoats and shoulder straps of conscripts. Rudiments contract army. I'm not talking about contract sergeants and warrant officers. They were already professional soldiers then. But an ordinary paratrooper did not jump very much. Just like now. Only “for demobilization” could they buy a “nausea” (a parachutist badge in the form of a dome with a pendant in the form of numbers according to the number of jumps) with big amount jumping.

5. Did you jump in combat? Many fake paratroopers do not know that the Airborne Forces and special forces in every possible way can jump in several options.

I will give the simplest ones:

Without weapons and RD (Paratrooper's Backpack)

With RD and weapons in transport position. An assault rifle, SVD and even an RPG, in a special transport case, are “screwed” behind the back of the dashing landing force.

With taxiway and main body (Cargo Container)

With a combat weapon, on the chest under the chest strap of the harness. Allows you to fire while descending by parachute, straight from the sky.

Then there are night ones, in the forest, on the water, at high altitudes, and so on. Only no one jumps inside the equipment, although this option was developed for war. The son of the legendary founder of the Airborne Forces Vasily Margelov, Alexander Margelov, made a parachute jump inside a BMD-1 back in 1973. For this feat, he was awarded the title of Hero of Russia, 20 years later... Since then, more than 110 people have jumped inside the equipment, but these are testers. An ordinary paratrooper who tells you about this is simply pi....!

6. Have you jumped with the ISS? For reference, the ISS is a Multidome system for landing equipment, for example the ISS-5-760. A person simply cannot jump with this crap. But I met Landing Forces who claimed that they jumped with it... In the Airborne Forces they jump mainly with parachutes: D-1-8 is the oldest parachute, created back in 1959. This parachute has the main advantage, the canopy cover clings through an extension halyard to an airplane or helicopter. The paratrooper doesn't even have a ring. They took me to the hatch and gave me a kick in the ass. Then everything works automatically without any devices. This is the perfect parachute for your first jump. 300% guarantee, the main thing is not to twist the slings during installation. D-1-5U is the oldest controlled parachute. D-6 and all its modifications. You have seen this dome in most films about the Airborne Forces. The paratroopers fly for some time on a stabilizing small canopy. The same canopy extends the main canopy of the parachute if you pull the ring or when a belay device like PPK-U is triggered. PPK-U - Semi-automatic Parachute Combined Unified (device) - designed to deploy the parachute pack (after a certain period of time at a certain altitude). Now they are planning to supply the D-10 to the troops. PSN - Parachute Special Purpose. I jumped with PSN-71, it is more controllable. It has rolls for better handling (which we were forbidden to unlock) and locks on suspension system. When landing, you can immediately unfasten the canopy. For example, in the wind, when jumping into water or in battle. Created for the GRU Spetsnaz and Airborne reconnaissance companies. Software - Planning Shell. These are the same rectangular “wings” or “mattresses” on which all athletes now jump. From PO-9, from the times of the USSR, to modern PO-16, PO-17 and the famous “Crossbows”. A conscript has never jumped with such canopies!

7. And finally, what is “Razor - Smile”? Or did they shave you with a smile? This is a flexible pin from the same PPK-U device. In the Airborne Forces and among civilian paratroopers, the most fashionable keychain and souvenir. On the neck, on the keys and so on. When straightened, the hairpin specifically catches the hairs, no worse than an epilator. In the army it is used to punish careless soldiers, and just for fun. Airborne humor, I shaved with a smile. Did they shave you with a smile? Only understandable to paratroopers.

In principle, there is still a lot of information that only those who served in the Airborne Forces can know. But I think that what I wrote will be enough to identify the fake paratroopers who disgrace the glorious name of Uncle Vasya’s Troops. Vasily Margelov is the founder of the Airborne Forces and the father of all paratroopers!

Happy Airborne Forces Day to all real paratroopers!
Nobody except us!

I work as a fitness instructor. I have professional education and 25 years of coaching experience. I help people lose or gain weight muscle mass and at the same time maintain health. I conduct training via the Internet or at the Mamba fitness club in Rostov-on-Don.

Theoretically, you can jump with a parachute from any height, the only question is the feasibility and safety of this event. Based on these considerations, the minimum and maximum restrictions are established. They are determined primarily by the design of the parachute, as well as by the preparedness of the parachutist and the type of jump he makes.

Beginning skydivers usually jump with a D-5 or D-6 parachute. Sometimes the D-1-5U parachute is also offered. The advantage of the latter is its controllability, as evidenced by the letter “U” in the model name. Jumps with such a parachute are carried out from a height of 700-900 meters. The canopy opens almost immediately after separation from the aircraft.

As an alternative to landing parachutes, Wing-type parachutes are often used. Unlike the first ones, they have not a round, but a rectangular dome. They require more training to operate, but they are highly maneuverable and have good lifting power. Beginners make jumps with a “Wing” parachute from a height of approximately 1200 meters.

Professional athletes who are well trained usually jump from a height of at least 2000 meters. In this case, they have the opportunity to experience all the delights of free fall, which beginners are usually deprived of. If a parachutist plans to perform any acrobatic elements, the height from which it is performed must be at least 3000-4000 meters. Beginners can jump from such a height in only one parachute system instructor. In this case, the responsibility for deploying the parachute, control and soft landing rests entirely with the tandem master.

Why are restrictions needed and what is the critical minimum?

Restrictions on the minimum jump height were not invented by chance. The fact is that it takes some time for the parachute to fill with air. If these requirements are neglected, there is a high probability that the parachute simply will not have time to open completely, and the parachutist will receive serious injuries. Critical minimum for full disclosure landing parachute is 250-300 meters.

There are also small parachutes that are used for jumping from fixed objects (bridges, cliffs, high buildings). This type The sport is called base jumping and, due to its high level of trauma, is considered extremely extreme. The minimum height for jumping with such a parachute is 100-150 meters.

However, in parachuting There are many records, including the minimum jump height. The record, which no one has yet managed to break, was set by Tereke Spencer, who during World War II, in 1945, parachuted out of a downed fighter from a height of slightly more than 10 meters. However, it is hardly worth tempting fate and repeating his feat in Peaceful time in the absence of urgent need.