Public organizations. Nature conservation in our region. International environmental organizations How Russian and international organizations protect nature
Currently, there are more than one hundred different international organizations dealing with environmental issues in the world.
Security environment The following types of international organizations are involved:
UN specialized agencies and bodies;
Intergovernmental organizations;
International non-governmental organizations of a universal type;
Regional and subregional bodies.
Environmental direction (UNEP, International Union for Conservation of Nature and natural resources- IUCN);
Integrated environmental profile (FAO, WHO, WMO);
Special environmental profile.
The leading role in international environmental cooperation belongs to the UN and its specialized agencies. It considers important issues at the General Assembly, adopts resolutions, and holds international meetings and conferences.
The powers of the UN General Assembly include:
Determination of the main directions of environmental policy of the international community;
Development of principles of relations between states on environmental protection;
Making decisions on holding UN international conferences on major environmental issues;
Development of draft international conventions, recommendations on environmental protection;
Creation of new environmental authorities.
At the UN there are specialized international organizations that are involved, to one degree or another, in solving problems in the field of ensuring environmental safety:
UN Economic and Social Council,
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),
- "Man and his environment"
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN),
Department of Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis,
Department for Operational-Functional and Management Development Support,
Economic Commission for Europe (ECE),
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP),
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,
United Nations Development Program (UNDP),
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP),
United Nations Institute for Training and Research,
United Nations University,
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO),
World organization health (WHO),
International Maritime Organization (IMO),
United Nations Cultural, Scientific, Educational Organization (UNESCO),
United Nations industrial development(UNIDO).
Thus, one of the main bodies of the UN is the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), which, along with other political, economic and social issues, deals with environmental issues.
IUCN is a non-governmental organization. Its main task is to develop international cooperation states, national and international organizations, individual citizens in the following areas:
Preservation of natural ecosystems, flora and fauna;
Preservation of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, natural monuments;
Organization of reserves, national natural parks; environmental education.
IUCN promotes cooperation between governments, national and international organizations, and individuals on issues of nature protection and natural resource conservation. IUCN has prepared the International Red Book (10 volumes).
WHO deals with issues of human health in terms of its interaction with the environment. WHO:
Carries out sanitary and epidemiological monitoring of the environment;
Summarizes data on human morbidity in connection with the state of the environment;
Conducts sanitary and hygienic examination of the environment and assesses its quality.
WHO addresses problems related to air pollution.
The members of this organization are government (ministries, committees, commissions) and public organizations of many countries. WHO conducts in-depth research and analyzes legislation, including environmental laws and regulations in 18 countries. In its findings, WHO points out that environmental regulations are scattered across a range of laws covering many issues.
For example, in 1992 Argentina passed a law exclusively concerning hazardous waste; the Transport Operations (Marine Pollution) Act was passed in Queensland, Australia; Belgium has passed a law banning marine pollution from ships; The Czech Republic adopted a law on the protection of the Earth's ozone layer; Estonia has adopted a law on the protection of the coastal strip of the sea and freshwater bodies, coasts and shallows. Their texts are published in brief form in the WHO quarterly journal international Digest of Health Legislations IAEA: develops rules for the construction and operation of nuclear power plants; carries out examination of designed and operating nuclear power plants; establishes radiation safety standards.
ESCAP has a large collection of basic environmental laws in countries in the Asia and Pacific region. The application of environmental legislation is addressed in ESCAP reports on the state of the environment in the region and the Pacific. These reports show that sanctions for environmental offenses have increased over the past decade. Most often, administrative sanctions are used in law enforcement activities in the field of environmental safety. They apply in the event of non-compliance with permitting rules, as well as administrative rules and regulations or violation of prohibitions, and can lead to the revocation or cancellation of permits, to administrative fines and other measures administrative penalties. Offenders are sometimes prosecuted administrative responsibility in accordance with the current laws of most countries directly by the authorities carrying out environmental control or issuing licenses for certain type activities.
Criminal sanctions in environmental legislation adopted over the past decade include a wide range of fines as well as imprisonment. In some countries cash, received from fines, are used to cover administrative costs and to maintain a system that combats environmental pollution. In other countries, courts may order that fines be used to compensate for environmental damage. On the other hand, imprisonment is considered by legislators in most countries to be a last resort and is therefore rarely used, only in cases of serious or flagrant violations.
A radical approach is being taken in the Philippines, which has established an Environmental Pollution Litigation Board that has exclusive jurisdiction to hear and adjudicate environmental pollution cases throughout the country. Additionally, in 1993, the Supreme Court of the Philippines recognized that citizens and non-governmental organizations can bring legal action to protect the right of present and future generations to a clean environment. Australia has signed several bilateral mutual assistance agreements in criminal justice matters, which also include assistance in investigating environmental crimes.
UNDP, through its mandate through the Capacity 21 initiative of the Sustainable Energy and Environment Division, is assisting several countries (as part of broader capacity-building programmes) to adopt or strengthen environmental legislation. However, its main focus is on capacity-building activities, particularly in collaboration with UNEP through the joint UNDP/UNEP Environmental Law Programme, which is working in seven African countries to build capacity in environmental law.
The special central body that deals exclusively with environmental protection is UNEP.
UNEP includes:
Board of Governors (state representatives);
Environmental Coordination Council;
Environment Fund.
The main directions of UNEP activities are determined by the Governing Council.
UNEP, through the Lusaka Agreement on Joint Law Enforcement Operations, is addressing issues related to illegal trade in wildlife species. The Lusaka Agreement was adopted in September 1994 and came into force in December 1996. It is a joint regional treaty to combat illegal trade in wildlife species. The Treaty aims to reduce and ultimately eliminate this trade by creating bodies to ensure the effective functioning of the mechanism for criminal prosecution for violations of environmental law at the national and regional levels. At the regional level, it provides for the organization of a permanent multinational working group consisting of staff from national law enforcement from each participating State capable of carrying out cross-border operations to combat criminal offenses in the area of illegal trade in wild animal and plant species.
In its work to implement the Lusaka Agreement, UNEP works closely with the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), the secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Animals and Plants and other United Nations bodies and non-governmental organizations. UNEP and the Division of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice have developed joint measures to combat environmental crime. UNEP and the Division of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice collaborate under the Lusaka Agreement and on the implementation and enforcement of environmental criminal law at the regional and national levels.
Areas of cooperation include providing legal assistance in the investigation of transnational wildlife crimes, organizing training courses on environmental crimes for law enforcement officials, prosecutors and judges, and developing new laws to protect wildlife. In addition, UNEP is addressing environmental crime and its enforcement through its technical assistance program on environmental legislation by providing technical support for the development of model environmental laws as well as regional laws.
UNEP believes that criminal sanctions will continue to be included in national laws as more countries begin to recognize the role of criminal law in environmental protection. On the broader issue of illegal activities affecting the environment, UNEP has undertaken several studies and initiatives in the context of various international agreements, such as the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal and the Convention on International Trade in Species of Wild Animals and Plants , are endangered.
The United Nations Institute for Training and Research is currently implementing a training program on the application of environmental law. Questions occupy an important place in it law enforcement, including the application of legal penalties. The program is centered around distance learning, specialized follow-up seminars and workshops at regional or interregional levels, and selected measures to improve environmental law at the national level.
This program is designed to assist government officials and other stakeholders at the national level in improving environmental management for sustainable development. Various training courses cover the application of environmental standards and regulations. The possibility of applying criminal sanctions is also being considered, especially in cases of environmental damage to international level. The United Nations University has established a small number of training programs in international environmental law.
The United Nations Agriculture and Food Organization (FAO) is responsible for soil conservation. The FAO Legal Office has prepared guidelines to facilitate the adoption and implementation at national level of the Agreement on Enforcement international measures on the Conservation and Management of Fishing Vessels on the High Seas, endorsed in Resolution 15/93 of the FAO Conference at its 27th Session on 24 November 1993. These guidelines provide for the use of sanctions to ensure effective compliance with the Agreement.
IMO is the originator of the document entitled “Status of international conventions relating to marine pollution for which IMO is the depositary or secretarial authority”. This document contains information on concluded bilateral and multilateral treaties, including legislation designed to ensure their implementation, as well as information on the progress of implementation of international conventions at the national level.
The UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) was created to study and summarize the degree of human impact on the weather and climate of the planet as a whole and in individual regions. It operates within the framework of the Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS).
UNESCO is also involved in solving environmental issues.
UNESCO carries out the following functions:
Accounting and organization of security natural objects classified as World Heritage;
Providing assistance to developing and other countries in the development of environmental education and training of environmental specialists.
UNIDO takes environmental factors into account when developing any effective program for regulating the activities of industrial enterprises. They have four components: regulation, permitting, compliance monitoring and environmental enforcement.
Enforcement involves the application of civil and criminal sanctions. UNIDO suggested that any discussion of criminal law enforcement also give importance to additional measures in the areas of licensing, permitting and environmental control.
For several years now, international organizations have been adopting resolutions on the application of the criminal justice system to environmental violations. The 8th UN Congress on the Prevention and Treatment of Crime, held in Havana in 1990, adopted a resolution on the role of criminal law in the protection of nature and the environment, calling Secretary General Promote the inclusion in international environmental conventions being developed of provisions recommending that States impose penalties under national criminal law.
1. All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation (VOOP)
Back in early 1924, employees of the nature conservation department of the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR came up with the idea of creating an environmental community, but not as a government structure, but as a voluntary Society for Nature Conservation. In the first years the Society was mainly engaged in propaganda careful attitude to nature; members of the organization gave lectures, created exhibitions and conducted eco-excursions for Soviet citizens.
The Company's main concern is post-war years was the landscaping of Soviet cities and the protection of water bodies, including such world-famous lakes as Lake Baikal and Seliger. So, in early August, the regional office of the Irkutsk region invited citizens to get together and spend a few hours clearing the shores of the most beautiful reservoir in the world from debris. By the way, today VOOP has its own representative offices in every region of the country.
2. World Wildlife Fund (WWF or World Wildlife Fund)
The world's largest non-profit environmental organization, which has gathered more than five million supporters under its banner. WWF was founded by British biologist and businessman Julian Huxley shortly after he visited East Africa as Director General of UNESCO. Huxley was amazed at the rate at which the local flora and fauna was being destroyed in this region, and immediately began to “sound the alarm” by publishing alarming articles. His call was heard, and on September 11, 1961, the WWF charity organization was officially registered, with its main office located in Switzerland.
Over the decades of its existence, representatives of the World Fund have managed to implement many projects. So, in 200, as part of the Altai-Sayan project, they fought to preserve the unique diversity of plants and animals in Southern Siberia, and in 2002 they launched the “Save the Leopard!” campaign aimed at protecting one of the rarest predators on earth - Far Eastern leopard. By the way, the symbol of WWF has also become a rare animal listed in the International Red Book - the giant panda.
3. Greenpeace
The reason for the creation of this organization was the nuclear tests that America so often “sinned” in the sixties and seventies. The first unofficial action of a society that did not yet formally exist took place on October 16, 1970 in Vancouver as a protest against nuclear tests More and more powerful bombs. And already on September 15, 1971, environmental activists sent the ship to Alaska in order to stop dangerous tests in an earthquake-prone region. By the way, this ship was originally called “Phyllis Cormac” and only then was renamed “Greenpeace”.
One of the most popular methods of fighting “GreenPissians” is actions and protests. Thus, at one time, the “greens” opposed commercial whaling, drew attention to the destruction of the planet’s ozone layer, and started a campaign against genetically modified products. But the image of the organization in recent years has been seriously damaged by all sorts of scandals and provocations on the part of “green” activists. Suffice it to recall the incident with the Brent Spar oil platform, when several activists made their way onto it and chained themselves. Thus, they protested against flooding the platform, which, as it turned out later, was the most environmentally friendly way to get rid of an old structure.
4. International Green Cross
Another environmental organization founded in our country. Its creation was announced by Mikhail Gorbachev in June 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Although he voiced this idea several years before this moment, in 1990: then the head of the USSR, within the framework of the Global Forum on Environment and Development, brought up for discussion the idea of founding an analogue of the International Red Cross, which would solve not medical, but global ecological problems beyond the competence of individual countries. In 1993, the Soviet organization merged with the Swiss “Green Cross World”, and in 1993 formed the International Green Cross known to us today.
Green Cross branches can be found in thirty countries around the world, and the organization's programs are aimed not only at saving individual species of animals. Thus, the domestic Green Cross is implementing the “Heritage” program, aimed at the safe destruction of chemical weapons accumulated in the country, and the “Renewable Energy” program, which is engaged in the search and development of alternative energy sources.
5. BirdLife International
In 1922, British ornithologists founded an organization that specialized in the protection of birds and the protection of their habitats. More than seventy years have passed, the society received its current name and turned into an international organization, which today has one hundred and twenty-one representative offices in different countries of the world. By the way, a prerequisite for a new state joining the “bird defenders” is compliance with the principle of “one country, one representation.”
In Russia, the Bird Conservation Union of Russia or SOPR is responsible for the safety of birds, which not only takes care of the welfare of wild birds living in the country, but also organizes various specialized competitions, for example, Bird of the Year or Nightingale Evening in Moscow. And the international organization itself launched a major project in 2007, the main goal of which was to save endangered bird species. By the way, today BirdLife International is headed by a member of the Japanese imperial family, Princess Takamado.
Greenpeace
WILDLIFE FUND (WWF)
International Social and Ecological Union (ISEU)
International environmental organization Bellona
International Green Cross Association
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation (VOOP)
Center for Environmental Policy of Russia (CEPR)
Russian environmental movement "Greens"
Non-governmental environmental foundation named after V.I. Vernadsky
Russian Regional Environmental Center (RREC)
All-Russian public organization "Green Patrol"
Russian Green Cross
Movement of Nature Conservation Teams (DOP)
Environmental organizations of the world
Greenpeace
Greenpeace is an international public environmental organization founded in Vancouver, Canada on September 15, 1971 by David McTaggart.
The main goal of the organization is to achieve solutions to global environmental problems, attracting the attention of the public and authorities to them.
Greenpeace exists only through donations from supporters and, as a matter of principle, does not accept financial assistance from government agencies, political parties or businesses.
Greenpeace is against violence in any form; all actions do not accept any form of violence as a method of achieving goals.
Official website in Russia: http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru
Wildlife Foundation (WWF)
The World Wide Fund for Nature is an international public independent organization working in the areas of conservation, research and restoration of the environment.
With more than 5 million supporters worldwide, WWF operates in more than 90 countries and supports approximately 1,300 conservation projects worldwide.
The mission of the World Wildlife Fund is to prevent the increasing degradation of the planet's natural environment and achieve harmony between man and nature. The main goal is to preserve the Earth's biological diversity.
Official website in Russia: http://www.wwf.ru/?referer=wwforg
International Social and Ecological Union (ISEU)
The International Social-Ecological Union is an international environmental organization founded in December 1988.
At the moment, ISoES consists of more than 10 thousand people from 17 countries.
The main idea of creating the ISoES is to gather under one roof people who care what happens to the Earth, its nature and culture, its people, our children and grandchildren.
All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation (VOOP)
The All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation (VOOP) was founded in 1924 as a voluntary Society for Nature Conservation.
Today, VOOP is an all-Russian, public, cultural and educational environmental organization.
Preserving the environment, maintaining the diversity of flora and fauna.
Preservation and strengthening of public health.
The main activities of the Company:
Providing assistance to authorities state power and management in ensuring sustainable environmentally friendly development of the country.
Environmental education, enlightenment and education of the population.
Scientific, technical and practical environmental activities. Consulting activities of natural resource management entities.
Carrying out environmental monitoring of territories on our own and by accredited companies.
Introduction of modern high-precision technologies in order to implement effective state environmental control
Center for Environmental Policy of Russia (CEPR)
The Center for Environmental Policy of Russia was created in 1993 as a professional public environmental organization to provide expert support to the environmental movement and develop recommendations for the legislative and executive authorities.
Website of the organization: www.ecopolicy.ru
Russian environmental movement "Greens"
In 1994, on the basis of the environmental movement “Cedar”, the Russian environmental party “Greens” was created; in 2009, the activities of the Political Party were terminated, and the organization itself was reorganized into the All-Russian social movement"Russian environmental movement "Greens".
The goal of the environmental movement “Greens” is to change the attitude of the state and society to the environmental problems of Russia and humanity as a whole through organized and strong-willed political actions.
Russian Regional Environmental Center (RREC)
The Russian Regional Environmental Center was established in 2000 by the European Commission and the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation.
RREC is part of a network of regional environmental centers operating in Eastern Europe, in the Caucasus and Central Asia to support cooperation between government agencies, the business community and civil society in the field of environmental protection.
The mission of the center is to promote and implement advanced ideas, standards and methods for the environmental well-being and sustainable development of Russia through the organization of information dialogue and practical activities.
The highest governing body of the Russian center is the council of founders, the collegial governing body is the governing council, and an advisory body has been formed - the advisory council.
The eight members of the Board of Governors represent various sectors of society: government organizations of the Russian Federation, foreign organizations, Russian public organizations, business structures and scientific communities.
Russian Green Cross
To the beginning of the document
Created on December 17, 2005. The founding conference was held in Yekaterinburg. It has branches in 45 constituent entities of the Federation. The statutory goals of the Organization are:
- creating conditions for increasing the life span of Russian people;
- implementation of the constitutional right of citizens of the Russian Federation to a favorable environment;
- rational use and protection of the entire complex of natural resources, as well as the conservation of biological diversity;
- organizing and conducting public environmental assessments.
The ideology of the organization differs significantly from environmental organizations such as Greenpeace currently operating in Russia, primarily in its patriotic orientation, open-mindedness, and the desire not to slow down scientific and technological progress, but on the basis of its development to create a new environmentally friendly environment in Russia. IN general view the organization can be described as a supporter of "progressive ecology".
http://podoroznik.ru/ transitions: 168Northern social environmental congress– a permanent international forum whose tasks include coordinating research and implementation programs of leading scientific centers, individual scientists and practitioners engaged in developing strategic guidelines for the sustainable development of the regions of the Russian North and the Arctic, taking into account their natural and ethnocultural specifics. The Congress was organized by the Government of the Komi Republic, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Komi Scientific Center and the Council of Rectors of the Komi Republic with the active support of the Administration of the President of Russia, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, the Ministry of Culture and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation. The preparation of the congress involves the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow State University, the National Ecological Forum of Russia, the Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and Far East Russian Federation and other representative public organizations.
http://www.congress-syktyvkar.ru/ transitions: 141The charitable foundation “Center for Wildlife Conservation” (CDPC) is engaged in solving environmental problems in the territory of the former USSR:
- develops and implements environmental projects in Northern Eurasia; provides information, methodological and consulting support to environmental initiatives;
- promotes coordination of actions of environmental organizations in Russia and abroad; provides support to nature reserves, national parks and other specially protected natural areas;
- develops mechanisms for charitable financing of wildlife conservation.
The Volgograd city public organization "Ecological Center "Green Orbit" has existed since 1997, officially registered by the Department of Justice for the Volgograd Region in January 2002. EcoCenter was created to implement initiatives in the field of nature conservation, carry out activities, events and actions aimed at protecting the nature of the Earth and living creatures inhabiting it, to preserve and restore the natural and ecological-cultural heritage of humanity, physical and spiritual health people, ensuring environmental safety.
http://www.greenorbit.ru/ transitions: 137The purpose of the organization is to support and organize the movement of the region's public to protect and preserve the environment natural environment, for a favorable and healthy environmental situation. Activities:
- Protection constitutional rights citizens
- Cooperation with authorities
- Support and development of the environmental movement of students and schoolchildren of the Khabarovsk Territory
- Project activities
The Murmansk Regional Council of the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation was created in November 1944. In subsequent years, city and district branches were opened in the region, where various amateur clubs, sections, children's and youth organizations carried out their work.
The main goal is to organize a public movement for a healthy and favorable environmental situation in Russia, as well as to promote and implement state environmental policy. Main statutory tasks:
- environmental education and enlightenment of the population, the formation of objective public opinion on important environmental issues;
- promotion of environmental knowledge and education ecological culture;
- scientific, technical and practical environmental activities and involvement of the population, especially members of the All-Ukrainian Public Organizations, in practical environmental activities;
- public control over compliance with environmental legislation;
- organization and development of the club movement in natural sciences.
The movement of nature conservation teams (DOP) appeared in the 60s of the twentieth century as a student environmental movement. At that time, only specialists tried to warn society about the impending environmental hazard. Now, as then, humanity continues to stubbornly move towards an environmental catastrophe, and it is unknown whether it will survive after it.
http://dop.environment.ru/ transitions: 113The Russian Network of Rivers is a voluntary association of more than 100 different public environmental organizations from 23 regions of the Russian Federation, acting to protect the rivers Volga, Don, Moscow River, Chusovaya, Iset, Irtysh, Ob, Pechora, Yenisei, Lena, Angara-Baikal, Amur. Public river networks are being built in the basins of these rivers.
http://www.pomreke.ru/ transitions: 113The difference between our organization and many state and public structures involved in ecology is that our goal is to unite the interests of state, private and public participants in environmental activities. The ecology of scientific and technological progress, ecotechnology is the axis around which all design, scientific and production activities should be conducted. This is our credo.
http://www.ecoex.ru/ transitions: 112The Arctic and Antarctic Expedition Center "Polyus" was created in 2002 to organize polar expeditions. EC Arctic and Antarctic "Polyus" is an expeditionary department of the Association of Polar Explorers of Russia under the leadership of Hero Soviet Union, Doctor of Geographical Sciences Artur Nikolaevich Chilingarov.
http://www.polus.ru/ transitions: 103Russian society Ecological Economics (ROEE) is a public non-profit organization that is designed to integrate economics and ecology into an interdisciplinary science aimed at developing and promoting the ideas of sustainable development. RSEE is a branch of the International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE).
http://rsee.chitgu.ru/ transitions: 102Server of public environmental organizations of Southern Siberia. Organizations from Barnaul, Tomsk and Novosibirsk participate in its work. Technical support carried out by the Information Service of the Ecoclub of NSU (Novosibirsk) and the Siberian Ecological Center (Novosibirsk).
http://www.nsu.ru/community/nature/ transitions: 99News, events, comments, interesting publications on forest issues
http://www.forestforum.ru/ transitions: 94The European ECO-Forum is a network partnership or platform for joint action of approximately 200 environmental NGOs in the European Union region. economic commission UN. The ECO Forum brings together environmental, human rights, consumer and other organizations that are interested in taking an active part in European processes, official meetings and influencing the content of adopted documents. Basically, the efforts of the ECO Forum are concentrated on improving the quality of the Environment for Europe process, as well as a number of related processes (Environment and Health, Environment and Transport and others).
http://www.eco-forum.org/ transitions: 91Goals of the chamber:
- organization, provision and improvement of environmental audit activities in the Russian Federation, increasing the professional potential of environmental audit personnel, improving the quality of environmental audits, representing and protecting the rights and legitimate interests of members of the Chamber in legislative and executive bodies state authorities of the Russian Federation, international and foreign organizations;
- organization, provision and standardization of environmental auditing activities;
- control over compliance by its members with the requirements of legislative acts of the Russian Federation, federal rules (standards), internal rules (standards) of the Chamber, requirements of professional ethics;
- organization of a system of training, advanced training, consulting and information support for members of the Chamber;
- protection of corporate interests of Chamber members.
The Water of Eurasia Environmental Fund was established in 1994 on the initiative of the Federal Environmental Fund of the Russian Federation, the Administrations of the Volgograd and Sverdlovsk Regions, and the State Rocket Center Design Bureau named after Academician V.P. Makeev. Registered on May 13, 1994 in Yekaterinburg.
The Foundation consists of two structural divisions, working on a permanent basis: in Yekaterinburg - 30 people and in Moscow - 5 people. The Foundation includes 142 collective members and 298 individual members who cooperate with the Foundation in certain areas of activity. The Foundation carries out constant information exchange with more than 1,500 recipients, which include industrial, utility, energy enterprises, environmental authorities and administrations of all administrative-territorial entities of the Russian Federation. Equipment, technologies, equipment and reagents for water treatment. Environmental seminars and exhibitions.
http://we.ur.ru/about.htm transitions: 86Website of the Kola Wildlife Conservation Center - a regional public organization whose main goal is to promote the conservation of wildlife in the Murmansk region.
http://www.kola-nature.ru/ transitions: 82Realizing the inevitability of the global environmental crisis and our exclusive responsibility to future generations for the preservation of Lake Baikal and the environment as a whole, a small group of citizens in 1990 united and created a non-governmental organization, which in 1992 received legal status as an independent public organization "Baikal Ecological Wave"
http://www.baikalwave.eu.org/ transitions: 81The main goal is to promote increased effectiveness of environmental protection actions outside the context of political and social ambitions. The Union has observer status with the UN General Assembly and maintains close working relations with many intergovernmental organizations and programs, especially UNESCO, FAO, UNDP and UNEP.
http://www.iucn.ru/ transitions: 80The first projects of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in Russia began in 1988, and in 1994 the Russian Representative Office of WWF was opened. Since then, WWF has successfully implemented more than 150 field projects in 40 regions of Russia and invested more than $30 million in work to preserve and enhance the country's natural resources. In 2004, the Russian office of the World Wildlife Fund became a Russian national organization.
http://www.wwf.ru/ transitions: 77Non-governmental environmental fund named after. IN AND. Vernadsky was created in 1995 on the initiative of a number of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of Russia, the Russian Academy medical sciences, public and government organizations.
The Foundation’s activities are multifaceted, but subordinated to one main goal: based on Vernadsky’s ideas, to build a holistic, scientifically based, and most importantly, practical concept. The scientific premises of the concept of sustainable development were expressed by Academician V.I. Vernadsky at the beginning of the last century. He was the first to point out the inevitability of the transition of the biosphere to the noosphere, which presupposes a reasonable attitude towards nature.
http://www.vernadsky.ru/ transitions: 76Created in 1995, the Agency is currently one of the most famous professionally operating public environmental organizations in Kuzbass. InEcA today is the Center environmental projects(“InEkA-consulting”), public consulting department, editorial office of the “Eco-Bulletin” magazine, well known to ecologists, unique environmental library- divisions that closely interact with each other in their activities, which helps and promotes the development and growth of the organization as a whole.
http://www.ineca.ru/ transitions: 75The Russian Land Union is an active defender of public interests in the field of land relations in the Russian Federation. One of the main areas of activity is practical assistance to land users, owners, and rural residents in defending their legitimate interests and rights. To this end, the RSL actively cooperates with the legislative and executive authorities, public organizations and the media, in the federal center and locally, both promoting overall improvement of interaction between subjects of land relations and helping to solve specific problems.
The practical activities of the Union are carried out by expert advisory bodies in various areas of activity and a group of advisors. The reception desk of the RLS processes requests from citizens and enterprises, and the legal service provides consultations on the legal aspects of land relations and specific legal situations.
The founding congress of the union took place in May 2006. Regional branches created in 63 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Chairman of the Russian Land Union - S. M. Mironov. The idea of creating the Russian Land Union, an organization capable of formulating this request in the field of land relations, was supported by Russian President V.V. Putin, who sent greetings to the founding congress.
http://www.zemso.ru/ transitions: 73Non-profit partnership "Guild of Environmentalists" is a union of professionals preserving the present for the sake of the future. The Guild of Environmentalists is an association of reliable environmental companies and organizations that consider the preservation of the environment, health and well-being of people as a priority. The main objectives of the Guild are to protect the corporate interests of bona fide environmental entrepreneurs, provide high-quality environmental services, promote the enterprises included in the association, best technologies and initiatives. Organizations that are members of the Guild of Environmentalists bear corporate responsibility for the quality of work and products. Having emerged as a Moscow association, over the years the Guild has reached federal level and brings together ecologists from different regions Russia.
http://www.ecoguild.ru/ transitions: 73The ECO-Consent Center was founded in 1992 as a non-governmental non-profit organization of citizens of the Russian Federation.
THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE CENTER is to promote the transition to sustainable development by:
- search and implementation of new approaches to solving environmental, economic and social problems at global, national and local levels;
- educating the general public on environmental issues and sustainable development.
The regional public organization "Association of Greens of Karelia" is an environmental non-governmental non-profit public association of citizens and their associations, whose activities are aimed at achieving harmony between society and nature, preserving and restoring the natural and cultural environment, and the spiritual world of man.
http://greens.krc.karelia.ru/ transitions: 68Official website of the Interuniversity environmental public organization “Youth Ecological Team of the Chuvash Republic”. Information about activities has been posted.
http://www.medchr.cheb.ru/ transitions: 66Citywide environmental reference and consulting service. Its goal is to provide residents of the city of Krasnoyarsk with information on various issues related to the environment and provide information support to people facing environmental problems. This is a project of the Krasnoyarsk regional public organization “Ecological Association”.
http://www.zelefon.ru/ transitions: 64The ECOM Center of Expertise began its work in 1999 within the structure of the St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists. The main goal of creating the Center is development in Russia modern approaches in the field of environmental protection, including: environmental impact assessment, environmental management, sustainable development indicators, Local Agenda 21 and others. Currently, ECOM's work is focused around the problem of public participation in making environmentally significant decisions. The Center's employees are developing mechanisms for effective interaction between the public and government and business.
http://ecom-info.spb.ru/ transitions: 64The Alliance of CIS Countries “For Biosafety” is an informal association of public organizations of the CIS countries involved in activities to counter the spread of GMOs and promote alternatives.
The Alliance was established on April 4, 2004 in Korolev, Moscow Region, at the International Conference “Strategy for the Development of the Campaign for Biosafety in the CIS”.
The main goals of the Alliance for the period 2004-2007. are:
- Promoting the non-use of GMOs by food producers through a broad consumer campaign and informing producers
- Preventing release in open ground GM crops and promoting the introduction of a temporary ban at the legislative level
- Initiating a broad public debate on the issue of patenting living organisms and the security of genetic resources
All-Russian Political Party“Russian Ecological Party “Greens” (REP “GREENS”) is the legal successor of the Ecological Party of Russia “Kedr” (“Greens”), created in 1994 and changed its name during the general re-registration of parties in 2002.
“The Russian environmental party “greens” is the only federal environmental party in Russia.
http://www.greenparty.ru/ transitions: 64The public environmental center "Dauria" was formed in 1996, the date of legal registration of the center is 1998. The center unites scientists and teachers of universities and academic institutions of the city, students. Our goal is to unite scientists, youth and the general public to implement social and environmental programs aimed at the formation and development civil society, the highest values of which are man, his dignity, inalienable rights and freedoms.
http://dauria.chita.ru/ transitions: 63The environmental prize was established by the Non-Governmental Environmental Foundation named after. V.I.Vernadsky and the Committee on Ecology State Duma Russian Federation in order to identify and encourage the most effective developments in the field of energy and resource-saving technologies and clean production, as well as attract the attention of scientists, specialists, companies and the international community to modern environmental problems.
http://www.ecoprize.ru/ transitions: 62The civil movement “The Land of Russia is the Property of the People” is an informal public association created on the basis of the Federal Law “On Public Associations” for joint legal actions to protect the constitutional rights of Russian citizens and public interests and, first of all, the right to natural resources. This movement is open to public and non-profit, non-governmental, religious organizations any directions that can join.
http://www.russialand.info/ transitions: 60The charitable foundation for the rescue and rehabilitation of humans and animals "MOVEMENT OF THE KIND" is engaged in the search for lost animals - it searches in areas, traps, knackers and other places, and also receives information about found animals from Moscow and the Moscow region. The foundation is engaged in animal rescue - removing cats from trees, etc.; placement of animals into families; will help with the transportation of animals. The foundation works with vicious and dangerous animals - catching snakes, etc.
http://zoo-find.narod.ru transitions: 58Website of an autonomous non-profit scientific organization - Center "Environment - Risk - Health". Main tasks of the site:
- Coverage of the problem of risk assessment for public health in the world and Russia
- Information about the main documents for health risk assessment
- Information on the main risk assessment databases
- Information about international conferences, workshops and meetings
- Information about public organizations involved in risk analysis
- Dissemination of risk assessment demonstration tasks
- Information on the progress of the project
The public organization "Green World" was founded on August 2, 1988 as an environmental protection association in the city of Sosnovy Bor, located on South Coast Gulf of Finland 80 km west of St. Petersburg. On January 31, 1997, it was registered as a Public Charitable Environmental Organization by the Department of Justice of the Leningrad Region. Green World is a member of the International Social-Ecological Union and the Clean Baltic Coalition, uniting 28 environmental organizations in nine countries of the Baltic region.
http://www.greenworld.org.ru/ transitions: 57St. Petersburg Ecological Union (SPbES) is a public organization founded in 1991 as a non-profit partnership of environmental firms. The main tasks of SPbES are the formation of an environmental culture of society, attracting the attention of both the public and the authorities to the problems of environmental safety of products and their production, the formation of a sector consumer market environmentally friendly products, support for enterprises with environmental programs.
http://www.ecounion.ru/ transitions: 56This site was created to reflect the cycling movement in Penza and unite the bearers of its ideas.
The modern cycling movement is very extensive, has many directions and is actively developing.
http://velo.penza.ru/ transitions: 56A non-governmental and non-profit organization whose main activities are aimed at informing, educating and uniting wide circles of the population in order to preserve the species diversity and number of birds in Russia
http://www.rbcu.ru/ transitions: 55Information site about donor organizations, their programs and eco-projects. The website contains materials from projects implemented with the support of the Ministry international development UK (DFID) and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Development (Defra) under the British Council Small Environment Projects Program (SEPS). The views expressed in the material on this website do not necessarily reflect the views of DFID, Defra or the British Council
http://www.eco-projects.ru/ transitions: 52National Organization of Disinfectionists - a public organization uniting structures in the field of disinfection
http://www.dez-serv.ru/ transitions: 52One of the oldest environmental organizations in the country
http://www.ecomo.ru/ transitions: 51Greenpeace is a public non-governmental and non-profit environmental organization. It unites people living on different continents, with different skin colors, speaking many languages. We have a common passion, which has become a profession for us, and a single mission - the preservation of life on Earth in all its diversity.
http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/ transitions: 47The Green March is an international coalition action initiated by public organizations of Buryatia and the United States with the support of state authorities and local governments, aimed at involving people in participating in and solving local problems of the local community and developing international cooperation for the sustainable development of the Baikal region. The participants of the Walk are people of different ages and professions.
http://grw.firnclub.ru transitions: 47website of Russian supporters of a car-free lifestyle
http://carfree.org.ru/ transitions: 44The International Social-Ecological Union is the only international environmental organization born in the USSR. At the moment, ISUES is more than 10 thousand people from 19 countries of Europe, Asia and North America: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Great Britain, Georgia, Spain, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Palestine, Russia, the United States America, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine.
The main idea of creating MsoES is to gather people who “care” under one roof. It doesn’t matter what happens to the Earth, its nature and culture, its people, our children and grandchildren.
http://www.seu.ru/ transitions: 44On the website: announcements of the commission, news of the commission, materials of the commission, composition of the commission, etc.
http://www.oprf.ru/rus/commissions/transitions: 43The site presents only part of the former party that refused to unite with the Yabloko party.
http://rusgreen.ru/ transitions: 42Rossokhotrybolovsoyuz is the country's largest public organization, uniting 78 regional public associations of hunters and fishermen. There are branches of these associations in almost all cities and regional centers of the country. The Association also includes the Military Hunting Society OSO and the Central Council of the CSO VFSO "Dynamo".
http://www.rors.ru/ transitions: 41The Smolensk sports expedition club “Viking-Nevo” is a world leader in the study of the ancient waterway “from the Varangians to the Greeks” and is engaged in: organizing scientific and sports expeditions, environmental activities of youth; development of water and skiing sports, tourism and orienteering.
http://viking-nevo.narod.ru/ transitions: 40Russian Green Cross is a non-governmental public organization, a member of the International Green Cross Association, created in 1994. Today it is one of the most influential public environmental associations in the country.
http://www.green-cross.ru/ transitions: 39We are actively working in the field of environmental protection and additional vocational education, since 1993
http://www.eco-terra.ru/ transitions: 37Russian Party LIFE is a party that poses the fundamental problem of human life in new political coordinates. The basis of the party’s ideology, as its Program states, is human life. The goal of the work is to preserve and, if necessary, save life on the territory of the Russian Federation, fill life with humanistic meaning, as well as improve the quality of life of citizens and increase its duration.
http://rpvita.ru/ transitions: 36Information from the headquarters of the Movement for Saving the Butovo Forest Park
http://www.spasiteles.ru/ transitions: 34Interregional public youth environmental organization of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region.
http://baltchild.org.ru/rus/index.html transitions: 32The Union of Public Organizations Russian Ecological Congress (REC) was created on the initiative of the first president of the Russian Green Cross, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences N.N. Moiseev in February 1996
http://www.ecorek.ru/ transitions: 31We have been organizing hikes in the mountains of Crimea, the Caucasus and other regions since 2001. During this time, several thousand people traveled with us on various routes.
The participants in our hikes are young men and women, mostly of student age, but this is not a limitation; both older and younger participants can join the hikes.
The instructors of our club are people who have completed more than one hike and special training. Many of our instructors are graduates of the Department of Local History and Tourism of the Palace of Youth Creativity. These are passionate and creative people.
They will introduce you to the secrets of tourist life, tell you about the nature and attractions of the route, and provide the necessary assistance. They will also help to organize a comfortable psychological environment in the group.
Hiking is a favorite activity for us and an important part of life.
http://www.vpoxod.ru/ transitions: 30The all-Russian public organization "Green Patrol" was registered in May 2006 on the basis of a project implemented since 2003 and currently operating in the territory Sakhalin region. The main specialization of the organization is environmental support for various projects: examinations, expeditions, research, PR, public control, legal support.
http://www.greenpatrol.ru/ transitions: 25The oldest currently operating public organization in Russia. The Russian Geographical Society was founded in St. Petersburg by the Highest order of Emperor Nicholas I, who on August 18, 1845 approved the proposal of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia L.A. Perovsky. From that time to this day Geographical Society continued to perform one of its most important functions - the coordinator of geographical science of different departments, which contributed to the coordination of the efforts of academic, university and industrial science. A related and no less important function of the Society was to strengthen and organize interdisciplinary connections, integrate scientific achievements designed to solve common problems geographical plan, in involving economists, historians, lawyers, sociologists, doctors, etc. in discussions.
http://www.rgo.ru/ transitions: 16The purpose of creating the Union of Surveyors of the South of Russia is to fully promote the development of creative activity scientists, engineers and technicians, teachers, amateurs in the field of geodesy, cartography, topography, land management.
http://www.sojuz-geodez.ru/ transitions: 13Part of the former party that merged with the Yabloko party
http://www.rus-green.ru/ transitions: 13Lots of information about scuba diving.
http://www.tetis.ru/ transitions: 10 1International organizations make it possible to unite the environmental activities of interested states, regardless of their political positions, highlighting environmental problems from the totality of all international problems. Russia actively participates in the work of many international environmental organizations.
Intergovernmental environmental organizations
The UN makes a great contribution to solving environmental problems. All its main bodies and specialized institutions participate in environmental activities.
UN specialized agencies in the field of environmental protection:
- UNEP(from the English UNEP - United Nations Environmental Program - UN Environment Program) has been implemented since 1972 and is the main subsidiary body of the UN. Through the Economic and Social Council, UNEP annually reports on its activities to the UN General Assembly.
- UNESCO(from English UNESCO - United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has existed since 1946 with the aim of promoting peace and international security, cooperation between states in the field of education, science and culture. The most famous area of activity is the scientific program “Man and the Biosphere” (MAE), adopted in 1970.
- FAO(from the English FAO - Food and Agricultural Organization UN - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), formed in 1945, deals with issues of food resources and agricultural development in order to improve the living conditions of the peoples of the world.
- WHO(World Health Organization) , created in 1946, has main goal concern for human health, which is directly related to environmental protection.
- WMO(World Meteorological Organization) - established as a specialized agency of the UN in 1951, whose environmental functions are primarily related to global environmental monitoring, including:
- assessment of transboundary transport of pollutants;
- studying the impact on the Earth's ozone layer.
- ILO(The International Labour Organization) - a specialized agency of the UN. Created in 1919 under the League of Nations with the aim of creating safe working conditions and reducing biosphere pollution, which often arises due to neglect of the working environment.
- IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency) was established in 1957. It operates under an agreement with the UN, but is not its specialized agency.
International regional organizations carrying out environmental activities not under the auspices of the UN: Euratom, European Council, European Economic Community, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Asia-Africa Legal Advisory Committee, Helsinki Committee for the Protection of the Baltic Sea (Helcom), etc.
Non-governmental international organizations
At the end of the 90s, there were several hundred (according to various sources 200-500) non-governmental international organizations in the world that included environmental protection measures in their activities, and also showed interest in environmental problems.
- International Union for Conservation of Nature- IUCN (from the English IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature) - created in 1948 in Fontainebleau (France). IUCN's work contributes to the implementation of the Washington Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES). IUCN is the initiator of maintaining the Red Data Books.
- WWF(from the English WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature) - the largest private international environmental organization, created in 1961, unites 27 national branches around the world ( Russian representative office was opened in 1994), as well as about 5 million individual members. The fund's activities consist mainly of providing financial support for environmental activities; More than $12 million has already been invested in environmental projects in Russia.
- International legal organization(MOL), established in 1968, pays great attention to the development of legal issues of environmental protection.
- Roman Club(RK) is an international non-governmental organization that has made a significant contribution to the study of the prospects for the development of the biosphere and the promotion of the idea of the need to harmonize relations between Man and Nature. The main form of its activity is the organization of large-scale research on a wide range of issues, mainly in the socio-economic field.
Membership in the Club of Rome is limited (100 people). These are people who do not hold official government positions and do not represent the interests of any countries.
The Club of Rome initiated work on the study of problems called “Global Problems”. To answer the question posed, a series of “Reports to the Club of Rome” under the general title “The Difficulties of Humanity” was commissioned from a number of outstanding scientists of that time. The obtained results of forecasting the prospects for the development of the world using computer models were published and discussed throughout the world.
The first, in 1972, was the report of D. Meadows’ group “The Limits to Growth.”
Between 1973 and 1980 (heydays of activity and international influence Club of Rome) several more reports were prepared, including by J. Tinbergen (1977), E. Laszlo (1977). In 1978-1980 Problems of recycling waste, energy use, organizing society, achieving abundance and well-being were discussed. Important role played the report by Botkin and co-authors “There are no limits to learning” (1980).
In 1994, E. Weizsäcker and his co-authors prepared a detailed report “Factor Four”, which outlined the main ways to solve energy saving problems. Research is currently ongoing by the Club of Rome current state a world in which fundamental changes have occurred, especially in geopolitics, while the environmental situation on the planet continues to deteriorate.
Our outstanding compatriots have participated and continue to participate in the work of the Club of Rome. At various times, academicians D.M. were full members of the club. Gvishiani, E.K. Fedorov, V.E. Primakov, A.A. Logunov, Ch. Aitmatov, honorary members - M.S. Gorbachev and B.E. Paton.
International Environmental Court(MEC) was established on the initiative of lawyers at a conference in Mexico City in November 1994. In the practical environmental activities of the world community, disputes arise that require appropriate competent resolution. The panel of judges includes 29 environmental lawyers from 24 countries, including a representative from Russia.
Disputes in the International Environmental Court are considered on the principles of arbitration. The parties themselves decide to go to court and select three or more judges from among its members to consider the case, which is carried out on the basis of international law of the OS, the national legislation of the parties and precedents.
By the early 1980s, more than a dozen large-scale models of world development had been created. The most famous models are J. Forrester, D. Meadows et al., Mesarovic-Pestel, Global 2000, Latin American, British, Japanese and world (UN).
GREENPEACE(Greenpeace - " Green World") is an independent international public organization aimed at preventing environmental degradation, created in Canada in 1971. It has about 1.5 million members, 1/3 of which are Americans. Greenpeace has the status of a full member or official observer in a number of international environmental protection conventions; has branches in 32 countries, including in Russia its official representative office has been operating since 1992.
Most international non-governmental organizations deal with the protection of individual natural objects or types of natural resources. These include the International Council for the Conservation of Birds, International Federation for the protection of alpine areas, European Federation for the Protection of Waters, etc.