Planet in plastic packaging project. How to rid the planet of garbage - new technologies and experience of the USSR. among primary and secondary school students
This folder contains material for scientific-practical conference"Search gives birth to discovery":
project, presentation, film "Fantasies Made of Plastic"
Introduction
“We must not forget that the level of development of the system for collecting and processing secondary raw materials is, in fact, an eloquent indicator not only of our common culture, but also of the civilization of the economy as a whole. In addition, the environmental safety of the state directly depends on the efficiency of work in the field of waste management. This is our responsibility to future generations."
“Ensuring order on earth is not only about collecting garbage, utilities household waste, but also to use them rationally.” A. G. Lukashenko.
We live in rural areas in the village of Zapolye, Vitebsk region, located 70 kilometers from the city. On the territory of the village there are 6 waste containers for 76 yards, which is extremely small, and waste removal is not carried out regularly. So you end up with mini-dumps around the village that spoil the overall appearance.
A large amount of garbage, and especially empty plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plates, plastic bags on the streets of our village made us think about the question of how to solve this problem.
The project “Plastic Fantasies” is dedicated to an important and pressing topic of the present time - the problem of Municipal Solid Waste.
Problem:
Project goal: to identify conditions and methods for recycling plastic bottles, plastic cups, plates, and plastic bags.
Project objectives:
Find out the history of the origin and use of plastic bottles, disposable plastic tableware, plastic bags;
Study the chemical properties of plastic and polyethylene products;
Hold a school competition for the best craft made from a plastic bottle, disposable tableware, plastic bags “Plastic Fantasies”
Research methods:
* experiment;
* sociological survey;
* observation.
Significance and applied value of the work:
Project implementation stages:
Stage 1. Preparatory.
Stage 2. Basic
Stage 3. Final
Expected Result:
“The benefit of civilization” is replenishing the growing landfills like mushrooms. Therefore, the question of what to do with this mass of waste is becoming more acute. Burning is unacceptable, since they contain various synthetic materials, the combustion of which releases toxins. Burials are not an option, since this method disposal of waste requires large areas. At the same time he suffers atmospheric air, groundwater. This means we need to develop technologies that make it possible to use industrial waste. But besides this, it is important to raise a generation that will think about environmental protection, so this work needs to start now.
View document contents
"NPK Fantasies made of plastic"
Government agency education
"Zapolskaya kindergarten– secondary school of Vitebsk region"
Regional scientific – practical conference students
Vitebsk region
Ecology
Fantasies made of plastic
(reuse bottles and disposable plastic tableware)
Polunina Kristina Yurievna,
8th grade student;
Fedorova Ekaterina Andreevna,
7th grade student
Scientific adviser:
Ryabtseva Irina Mikhailovna,
physics and mathematics teacher
Vitebsk, 2014
1.Project “Plastic Fantasies”
Introduction_____________________________________________ 2
Relevance of the project______________________________ 2
Problem__________________________________________ 3
Goal_______________________________________________ 3
Tasks__________________________________________ 3
Research methods______________________________ 3
Significance and applied value of the work_____________ 3
Stages of project implementation __________________________ 4
Expected result______________________________ 4
Conclusion_______________________________________________ 4
2 .
1. Planet in plastic packaging____________________ 5
2. Environmental problems associated with plastic bottles and packaging___________________________________________ 6
3. Analysis of a sociological survey___________________6 – 7
4. Observation results__________________________ 7 – 8
5. You don’t eat twice from plates like this___________________ 8
6. Markings on disposable tableware - what does it mean?_ 8 – 9
7. Dangerous plastic. What are these numbers?_________________ 10 – 11
9. Figures and facts__________________________________________ 13
14 -18
4. Conclusions________________________________________________ 19
5. Conclusion_____________________________________________ 19
6. Resources used_________________________________ 19
Introduction
“Ensuring order on earth means not only collecting garbage and municipal household waste, but also using it rationally.”
With the arrival of spring, restoring order on the earth becomes especially important.
A large amount of garbage, and especially empty plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plates, and plastic bags on the streets of our village made us think about how to solve this problem.
The project “Plastic Fantasies” is dedicated to an important and pressing topic of the present time - the problem of Municipal Solid Waste.
The streets of our village, the roads are littered with garbage, most which consists of plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plastic bags.
Identify the conditions and methods for recycling plastic bottles, plastic cups, plates, and plastic bags.
Project objectives:
find out the history of the origin and use of plastic bottles, disposable plastic tableware, plastic bags;
study the chemical properties of plastic and polyethylene products;
hold a school competition for the best craft made from a plastic bottle, disposable tableware, plastic bags “Fantasies from plastic”
Research methods:
* studying literary sources; Internet resources
* experiment;
* sociological survey;
* observation.
Significance and applied value of the work:
teach schoolchildren to take care of the nature around us, instill in them manual labor skills, and expand knowledge about the history of things.
Project implementation stages:
Stage 1. Preparatory.
1. Studying the history of the creation and use of plastic and polyethylene products in Food Industry.
2. Study chemical properties products made of plastic and polyethylene.
Stage 2. Basic
Making crafts from plastic bottles, disposable plastic tableware, plastic bags.
Stage 3. Final
1. Participation in competitions and exhibitions;
2. Release of the booklet “Fantasies Made of Plastic”.
Expected Result:
* find out when plastic bottles, disposable plastic tableware, plastic bags appeared;
* let's find out whether plastic containers bring benefit or harm;
* we will find ways to reuse plastic waste;
* we will master the technology of making crafts from plastic waste and find application for them in life;
* share our findings with the village residents.
“The benefit of civilization” is replenishing the growing landfills like mushrooms. Therefore, the question of what to do with this mass of waste is becoming more acute. Burning is unacceptable, since they contain various synthetic materials, the combustion of which releases toxins. Burial is not an option, since this method of disposal of waste requires large areas. At the same time, atmospheric air and groundwater suffer. This means we need to develop technologies that make it possible to use industrial waste. But besides this, it is important to raise a generation that will think about environmental protection, so this work needs to start now.
Results of our research.
Plastic and polyethylene containers began to gain popularity in our country just a couple of decades ago. Back in the early 90s, our grandmothers and mothers carefully washed each plastic bag, dried it and carefully put it in a special jar for repeated (or better yet, reusable) use. Few people had heard of plastic bottles back then - beer and Coca-Cola were sold in tin cans and glass bottles. Along with the collapse of the USSR, the country gained independence, accessibility to information flows and various “achievements” of the West. One of these “achievements” was the widespread use of plastic and polyethylene containers. 
It would seem, what’s wrong? The population received an accessible and convenient type of packaging - light, practical, cheap. No need to wash, no need to wash. Takes up little space. It does not allow moisture, air, or microorganisms to pass in or out. It is practically not subject to rotting.
“Look around in your office, kitchen or bedroom, plastic is all around us. Our food packaging, clothing, computers, Cell phones, stationery and even toys..."
In fact of the matter. It is not subject to rotting, which means it is not subject to environmentally friendly disposal. It burns well, but at the same time it emits so many harmful substances into the atmosphere that it becomes scary. According to experts, a person throws out up to 250 kg of household waste per year. About 25% of them are food waste, 5-10% is paper, 50% is polymers, the rest is metal, textiles, rubber, glass and other rubbish. The classical way of waste disposal (container - garbage truck - landfill - reclamation) today is ineffective and, moreover, potentially dangerous, since even a carefully processed landfill filled with soil is a source of "landfill gas" that stimulates Greenhouse effect. Despite the fact that in the West, waste recycling is a profitable and profitable business, in our country, as it turns out, it is much easier to bury waste in the ground. But this cannot continue indefinitely, since almost all landfills are 50-60% full.
Environmental problems associated with plasticbottles and plastic packaging.
Accumulations of plastic bottles and packaging on the planet are already forming real floating continents in the oceans. Scientists are sounding the alarm: Pacific Ocean gigantic deposits of garbage have accumulated. These are mainly plastic and petroleum products. They are located somewhere in Japan and the west coast of the United States, and under the influence of the El-Hi current they regularly shift thousands of kilometers. According to rough estimates, this “plastic island” weighs 100 million tons. Moreover, it basically represents a kind of suspension of semi-decomposed plastic, which is not visible either from the air or from a satellite. According to the data, these accumulations of garbage represent big threat for living organisms. When plastic decomposes, it releases toxic substances that can cause serious health problems. hormonal disorders, both in animals and in humans.
The threat from plastic containers to the Earth’s ecology is not limited to this. The production of plastic bottles in the United States alone requires about 18 million barrels of oil per year.
While studying the literature on this topic, we found that:
paper decomposes in the ground within 1 month,
banana peel - 6 months,
wool - 1 year
wooden poles -4 years
paper cups - 5 years,
painted wood - 13 years,
tin can - 100 years,
and a plastic bottle - from 500 years to 1000 years,
and the decay time of a glass bottle takes 1 million years.
People are already tired of the plastic waste that they themselves create. The creation of plastic packaging solved many problems, but also created no less. The garbage that our fathers left in their vacation spots has long turned into dust, and even our great-great-grandchildren will see our plastic bottles, because they are “eternal.”
In our village, you can still return glass bottles in a store in exchange for money, and these bottles are taken away for recycling and the production of new bottles. But with plastic bottles the situation is different; they are not accepted anywhere and they are often the ones that litter our streets!
We conducted a survey of students at our school.
Goal: find out what goods in plastic packaging are purchased, used and where the packaging goes.
48 families of students from our school took part in the survey. Survey participants were asked next questions:
1. Do you buy food in plastic packaging? Which?
2. Where do you put plastic bottles after use?
3. If you don’t throw it away, how do you use plastic bottles?
The results of the survey showed the following result:
Question 1. Do you buy food in plastic packaging? Which?
Yes – 38 people
No – 1 person.
Mineral water – 22 people
Sparkling water, juices, drinks – 20 people
Sunflower oil- 20 people
Mayonnaise – 7 people
Ketchup – 4 people
Drinking yogurt – 5 people
Curds, cakes, noodles, mashed potatoes, fish, salads, halva - 1 person each.
Question 2. Where do you put plastic bottles after use?
We throw out -29 people
Burn in the stove - 3 people
We use it on the farm – 14 people
We bury – 2 people
Question 3.. If you don’t throw it away, how do you use plastic bottles?
For planting seedlings – 14
For a household – 6 people
Use for milk, kvass, jam – 5 people
We make a drain for water, use it for watering vegetables - 4
Making crafts – 3 people
The survey showed that families of students at our school buy products in plastic packaging and in most cases the packaging is thrown away or burned, and used in household not many.
Observation results.
After studying the data obtained, we decided to find out who is to blame for the fact that there is so much plastic waste lying on our streets. To begin with, we went to the store to study the number of products produced in plastic packaging. The results were impressive. In the store, in plastic packaging, there are up to 10 types of shampoos from different manufacturers, liquid soap and deodorants, 3 types of vegetable oil, several types of mayonnaise, drinking yoghurts and a huge selection of mineral, sweet carbonated water and beer. This once again confirms the information that plastic packaging is very convenient to use.
We counted the number of abandoned bottles on the streets where we often walk. We got the following result:
st. Soviet - from school to store - 18 bottles
st. Soviet - from our house to school - 6 bottles
Along the central road there are 39 bottles, since there are 39 bottles in the ravine that runs along the entire street. local residents dump all the garbage and don’t think about installation garbage containers.
Most of the abandoned bottles were from mineral or carbonated water, from beer, and rarely from vegetable oil. Conclusion: residents of our village buy food in plastic packaging and in most cases throw the packaging outside their estate, without worrying about the cleanliness of the streets, which is why there is so much plastic waste along the roads of our village.
Experts say: plates, forks, spoons and cups from polymer materials cannot be used more than once. 
This even applies to plastic water bottles. It is strictly forbidden to pour milk or alcoholic drinks into it - the result will be a poisonous mixture.
The main rule when choosing disposable tableware is to carefully read the labeling. Every branded product should have a sign showing what the packaging is made of. If there is no labeling, then it is better to protect your health and purchase the product in glass containers.
The PVC (PVC-polyvinyl chloride) symbol or the number 3 in a triangle on the bottom of the bottle or plastic packaging warns the buyer that it is toxic.
In addition to harmless glass containers, there is harmless food plastic, which is marked with the letters:
RE (PE)- polyethylene,
PETF (PET) or PET (PET)- polyethylene terephthalate,
RR (PP)- polypropylene.
PS (PS)- means polystyrene (its code is number 6).
In addition, safety is confirmed image of a plate and fork, numbers 05 and 1.
Markings on disposable tableware - what does it mean?
Not all buyers know what the marking means and how such utensils can be used.
| This marking indicates that the cookware is made from polystyrene. It can only be used for cold foods. You should never heat food on them in microwaves. In this case, harmful toxins enter the food. In addition, you should not pour alcoholic beverages into containers with this marking, since this also releases toxic substances. The styrene released accumulates in the kidneys and liver and leads to various diseases. |
|
| Plastic with this marking is made from polypropylene. Dishes with this marking can be used for hot drinks and foods. Such dishes can withstand up to +100° C. You can drink hot tea and coffee from polypropylene glasses, and heat food on plates in the microwave. You cannot pour alcohol. The contact of alcohol and polypropylene releases toxins - formaldehyde and phenol. These toxins also damage the kidneys and liver, but there is still a chance of going blind |
|
| A triangle on the packaging consisting of three arrows, says that the dishes are made of material recycling raw materials. Inside the triangle, as a rule, there are numbers. They talk about the type of processing. So if you see 1–19 is plastic, 20–39 - paper and cardboard, 40–49 - metal, 50–59 - wood, 60–69 - fabric and textiles, 70–79 - glass. |
|
| Drawn on the packaging glass and fork sign means that the dishes are suitable for any dishes, including first (hot) ones. If the icon is applied to the packaging in this form, then the products can even be stored in such containers. |
Dangerous plastic
We often underestimate the danger it can pose to our health. It turns out that there are relatively safe and dangerous plastics. Since we still have no choice, we should take care of the choice lesser evil. Some types of plastic are truly dangerous.
Information about the material used in the manufacture of the packaging is located on its bottom in the form of a graphic symbol consisting of three arrows forming a triangle. In the middle of the triangle are numbers from 1 to 7, indicating the type of material from which the packaging is made.
What are these numbers?
1 - PET
This plastic is mainly used in the production of disposable drink containers. Typical PET packaging is mineral water bottles. Such packaging, even after thorough cleaning, may release toxic chemicals when reused. Never reuse this type of material.
2 - HDPE (LDPE)
Polyethylene low pressure(high density) is used for the production of semi-rigid containers, it is one of the safest plastics and can be reused.
3 - PCV (PVC)
Polyvinyl chloride is very often used, for example, in the production of packaging film for food products. PVC is hazardous to health and can release toxins. When burned, polyvinyl chloride produces very hazardous to health chemical compounds, known as dioxins, which are often more dangerous than potassium cyanide.
4 - LDPE (HDPE)
Polyethylene high pressure(low density) used for many types of packaging (e.g. polyethylene bags) is considered acceptable for reuse and safer than many other plastics, but not as safe as plastics 2 and 5.
5 - PP (PP)
Reusable polypropylene is often found as a material for food containers. It belongs to the group of the safest plastics along with material 2 (HDPE).
6 - PS (PS)
Polystyrene is well known in the form of polystyrene foam. PS releases toxins and should not be used as food packaging. It is also rarely used for this purpose due to the lower chemical resistance of polyethylene, but is present, for example, in lids for disposable coffee cups.
7 - OTHER
Never reuse plastic products marked with number 7. This group includes many types of harmful chemical substances, including also the highly toxic bisphenol A (BPA), which can contribute to schizophrenia, depression or Alzheimer's disease. In addition, consuming foods that come into contact with BPA can lead to disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems, and even cancer. Never use such products in microwave ovens, which allow bisphenol A to penetrate deeper into food.
Most often it is found in:
Bottles, dishes for children, pacifiers;
Disposable packaging and utensils;
Epoxy resins on the inner surface of cans with canned products;
Cosmetic products as an antioxidant;
Medical equipment;
Kitchen appliances;
Glasses for glasses;
Water coolers;
Electronics and automotive industries.
To avoid poisoning from packaged food, you should consider simple nuances.
First of all, remember that disposable tableware is disposable
Nowadays, plastic is an integral part of our lives, and you won’t be able to get rid of it quickly in the kitchen. But you can try to minimize harmful effects plastic on our health. For this:
1. Use only plastics marked 2 (HDPE) and 5 (PP) to store food.
2. Do not use plastic of other categories for storing food, but recycle it. Do not reuse PET bottles or microwave food in the food trays you bought it in (unless the packaging states that they are suitable for this purpose).
2. Do not microwave food in packages containing BPA (Group 7), do not pour hot liquids into them, or put them in the dishwasher.
3. Use all plastic packaging in accordance with the instructions on it (recommendations for temperature, use of a dishwasher, etc.).
4. Don't buy mineral water in plastic containers that have been standing in the sun, and it is best to buy drinks (including milk, kefir, yogurt) in glass containers.
Disposable packaging and utensils are designed to be used once. There is no point in leaving them in reserve for storing other products.
After use, the thin protective layer on the plastic is destroyed and this cookware cannot be reused.
Always pay attention to appearance packaging, its integrity, legibility of the inscription, expiration date.
Principle 1.
Disposable tableware can be used strictly for its intended purpose.
On each type of disposable tableware there is an indication of what it is intended for: cold, hot, cold drinks, alcohol, etc. If you pour a hot drink into a glass intended for cold drinks, the plastic begins to release toxic substances.
Principle 2.
Never leave the product in open jar even in the refrigerator. Either buy a smaller package or seal tightly.
Principle 3.
You cannot store any food in disposable containers, especially used ones.
After using disposable tableware, the protective layer is destroyed, and when products, such as sugar, are stored in it, toxic substances pass into the product.
Principle 4.
It is better not to take meat and cheese in packaging
Principle 5.
Plastic dishes are not intended for ethanol-containing substances - alcohol.
Ethanol is an aggressive solvent. Toxic substances in the plastic they begin to dissolve and end up in the drink.
Principle 6.
The best option for disposable tableware is paper.
Principle 7.
Plastic tableware often contains melamine, which is especially abundant in bright multi-colored dishes, intended for children. In its normal state it is not dangerous, but if you put something hot on a plate, medanin begins to release toxins, which enter the human body with food.
Paper is cellulose. Even if its particles enter the body, nothing bad will happen.
Plastic bottles
While disposable cups are usually thrown away, convenient plastic bottles often remain in use. 
In them under no circumstances you can't pour milk, since the fats in it are able to dissolve some polymers, alcoholic drinks, kvass, compote. Polymers tend to “age” under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, high temperatures, so over time they begin to release substances harmful to humans.
Figures and facts
According to the UN Committee for Nature Conservation, every year plastic waste causes the death of 1 million birds, 100 thousand marine mammals and an innumerable number of fish.
Recycling 1 ton of plastic saves 750 kg of oil.
Rational organization processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) makes it possible to use up to 90% of recycling products in the construction industry, for example, as filler for concrete blocks.
By recycling 670 aluminum cans you can make a bicycle.
Recycling 1 kg of aluminum saves 8 kg of bauxite and 14 kWh of electricity.
When burned, 5 tons of garbage release the same amount of heat as 2 tons of coal or 1 ton of liquid fuel.
On the Internet we found many sites where people share their inventions and crafts from plastic bottles, plastic disposable tableware, and plastic bags. Birdhouses, mousetraps, funnels and seedling pots are made from bottles. They are hung on the fence as a scarecrow against crows, and also used as waterproof caps on the tops of posts.
The bottles are an eco-friendly solar water heater.
A Chinese farmer placed 66 bottles on the roof of his house, connecting them with a simple system of tubes. Bottled water heats up almost instantly and enters the house. Hot water enough to give three members of an enterprising Chinese family a hot shower. The neighbors liked the invention so much that they immediately decided to use this idea.
Fantastic plastic boat
A team of French researchers is planning to sail from San Francisco to Australia (18,000 km) on an 18-meter vessel made entirely of plastic bottles (except for sailing masts). The construction of the yacht took 18,000 two-liter plastic bottles, which were filled with dry ice (to give it hardness).
A million bottles for the construction of a temple
That's how many bottles were used by those taking care of environment Buddhist monks of Thailand to build their temple. When building the temple, the monks used green Heineken beer bottles and brown Chang beer bottles. Even the toilets and crematoriums in the temple are made of empty bottles.
Near Zapolskaya Hospital 
among primary and high school
This cheerful clearing appeared at school.
The flowers were made by elementary school students.
Conclusions.
As a result of the work done, we found out when plastic packaging and plastic bags appeared. They are easy to use, thanks to such properties as lightness, elasticity, strength, and therefore occupy an increasingly important place in human life, but it cannot be destroyed after use.
After working in the chemistry classroom, we learned that plastic packaging does not decompose even under the influence of chemical reagents, and when burned they emit toxic smoke that is dangerous to human health. Thus, we confirmed our hypothesis: plastic packaging really litters the earth and harms nature.
Our observations and the competition showed that if you approach this problem creatively and economically, you can find many ways to use plastic packaging.
At the end of our work, we want to say that in every family something is bound to accumulate, or even be thrown away. We have found many uses for household plastic packaging waste. We suggest looking at some of the methods in the booklet “Fantasies Made of Plastic”
Based on the results of our research, we have outlined the following steps:
1. Present the results of our research to the students of our school and village residents.
2. Create as many crafts as possible, useful and unusual, on the school grounds.
3. Write an article for the regional newspaper “Zhytstse Prydzvi nnya” to once again draw the attention of residents to the problem of garbage in our villages and remind them that we ourselves are responsible for the cleanliness and beauty of our area.
Usedresources:
1.Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia [ electronic resource] Access mode:
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8
2. Science, news. Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications. [electronic resource] Access mode:
http://www.inauka.ru/technology/article40009
3. Children's portal bebi.lv [electronic resource] Access mode:
http://www.bebi.lv/otdih-i-dosug-s-detjmi/podelki-iz-plastikovih-butilok...
4. Website “Ecology” [electronic resource] Access mode http://www.ecology.md/section.php?section=tech&id=2220
1. Plastic container for water, cereals and liquids.
2. From plastic bottles you can build a thermal insulation wall, house, greenhouse and other structures.
3. The bottom of the bottle can be cut off and used as a watering can.
4. Cut off the neck of a plastic bottle and use it as a pot for flowers or seedlings.
5. A plastic bottle can be a fishing net float.
6. A plastic bottle can be used to purify and disinfect water.
7. Plastic from a bottle can be used as “glass” to make a translucent window.
8. A plastic bottle makes an excellent washstand.
9. A cut plastic bottle can become a scoop for bulk products and materials.
10. If you cut off part of a plastic bottle, it will turn into a mug, container (plate) for food, vase or universal container.
11. From a large number of plastic bottles you can build a raft, simple and reliable, quick to make, or even an entire island.
12. You can also make a lifebuoy or life jacket from bottles.
13. If you cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle and attach a handle, you will get a wonderful megaphone.
14. The bottle can be a hot water bottle.
15. Candlestick, table lamp.
16. If you make several holes in the cap of a bottle, you will get a sprinkler or waterer. A very convenient thing when grilling shish kebab on the grill.
17. If you insert a small tube into the cap of the bottle, you will get an oil can, which will help fill containers located in hard-to-reach places (gearboxes, transmission elements)
18. Although it is not easy, it is possible to make a homemade silencer for a firearm from a plastic bottle.
19. If you pour pebbles into a plastic bottle, you get a rattle that can be hung on a rope around the perimeter of the protected area.
20. Thermos (if you insert another, smaller one into one plastic bottle, and between them lay polystyrene newspaper, etc.). To maintain the temperature of a filled plastic bottle, you can simply wrap it tightly in several layers of newspaper or corrugated cardboard.
21. Plastic bottles are often used as targets (to hit by different means defeats, stones, arrows, etc.). Unlike glass ones, after hitting this target there are no fragments left.
22. You can make small dumbbells by filling a bottle with shot, small nuts and bolts, or just wet sand.
23. If you pour water into a bottle, you can use it as a rolling pin for dough.
24. Plastic bottles make wonderful greenhouses for rooting plants or maintaining high humidity various small seedlings and saplings.
25. A waterproof container for storing and carrying matches, dry fuel, and other non-waterproof items can also be made from a plastic bottle.
26. You can make a bird or animal feeder.
27. A plastic bottle, under certain conditions, can be used as an electrical insulator.
28. You can also make traps for small fish, crayfish, rodents.
29. Make safety glasses or even a whole mask to protect your face and eyes from dust, flying particles, and insects.
30. You can sleep on bottles on cold soil. Or just use the bottle as a pillow.
31. It seems incredible, but you can boil water in a plastic bottle over a fire.
32. From large plastic flasks you can make simple shoes to protect your feet.
View presentation content
"Plastic Fantasies1"
Fantasies made of plastic
Creative project
Completed:
Polunina Kristina, 8th grade;
Fedorova Ekaterina, 7th grade
Advantages and disadvantages of plastic packaging
Advantages
Flaws
transparent,
can be painted
in any color
Products in plastic packaging have a short shelf life
lungs
They don't fight
Some bottles contain harmful substances
convenient to transport
Planet in plastic packaging
- “Look around! In our office, kitchen or bedroom, plastic surrounds us everywhere. Our food packaging, clothing, computers, mobile phones, stationery and even toys..."
Experts say
A person throws out up to 250 kg of household waste per year.
About 25% of this is food waste,
5-10% - paper,
50% - polymers,
the rest is made up of metal, textiles, rubber, glass and other rubbish.
Accumulations of plastic bottles on the planet are already
form real floating continents in the oceans.
In the Pacific Ocean, the “plastic island” weighs approximately 100 million tons.
According to scientists
paper decomposes in the ground within 1 month, banana peel - 6 months, wool - 1 year, wooden poles - 4 years,
paper cups – 5 years,
painted wood – 13 years,
a tin can is 100 years old, and a plastic bottle is from 500 years to 1000 years,
- “We must not forget that the level of development of the system for collecting and processing secondary raw materials is, in fact, an eloquent indicator not only of our common culture, but also of the civilization of the economy as a whole. In addition, the environmental safety of the state directly depends on the efficiency of work in the field of waste management. This is our responsibility to future generations."
- “Ensuring order on earth means not only collecting garbage and municipal household waste, but also using it rationally.”
- The streets of our village and roads are littered with garbage, most of which consists of plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, and plastic bags.
- We live in a rural area in the village of Zapolye, Vitebsk region, located 70 kilometers from the city. On the territory of the village there are 6 garbage containers for 76 yards, which is extremely small, and garbage removal is not carried out regularly. So you end up with mini-dumps around the village that spoil the overall appearance.
Relevance
A large amount of garbage, and especially empty plastic bottles, on the streets of our village made us think about how to solve this problem. The project “Plastic Fantasies” is dedicated to an important and pressing topic of the present time - the problem of Municipal Solid Waste.
- identify conditions and methods for recycling plastic bottles, plastic bags, disposable plastic tableware
Project objectives:
- find out when plastic bottles, disposable plastic tableware, plastic bags appeared;
- develop recommendations for the recycling of plastic bottles and plastic bags;
- hold a school competition for the best craft made from these plastic products.
Research methods:
- * study of literary sources, Internet resources;
- * experiment;
- *sociological survey;
- * observation.
Significance and applied value of the work
To teach schoolchildren to take care of the nature around us, to instill in them manual labor skills, and to expand their knowledge about the history of things.
Figures and facts
- Recycling 1 ton of plastic saves 750 kg of oil.
Rational organization of processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) makes it possible to use up to 90% of recycling products in the construction industry, for example, as filler for concrete blocks.
- By recycling 670 aluminum cans you can make a bicycle
- Recycling 1 kg of aluminum saves 8 kg of bauxite and 14 kWh of electricity.
- When burned, 5 tons of garbage release the same amount of heat as 2 tons of coal or 1 ton of liquid fuel.
Practical use used plastic packaging in the village of Zapolye .
- Near Zapolskaya Hospital
Greenhouse made from plastic bottles of the Shmyrev family
- At the end of our work, we want to say that in every family something is bound to accumulate, or even be thrown away. We have found many uses for household plastic packaging waste.
- Based on the results of our research, we have outlined the following steps:
- 1. Present the results of our research to the students of our school and village residents.
- 2. Create as many crafts as possible, useful and unusual, on the school grounds.
- 3. Write an article for the regional newspaper “Zhytstse Prydzvinnya” to once again draw the attention of residents to the problem of garbage in our villages and remind them that we ourselves are responsible for the cleanliness and beauty of our area
Imagine! Go for it! I wish you creative success!
“That bird is bad,
who pollutes her nest"
(folk proverb).
Have all of humanity and each of us become like this bird?
For humans, like any species, nature is the environment for life and the source of existence. Currently ecological problems- a very thorny question. People especially suffer from pollution from industrial waste.
We tried to answer these questions in the course of our work.
One of the main sources of pollution is the products of the chemical industry, which acts as the “locomotive” of scientific and technological progress. The uniqueness of this industry lies in the fact that with its help people can create materials that do not exist in nature. The range of products of the chemical industry includes plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber and polymers, etc.
Our research began with an integrated lesson in geography, chemistry and biology, which introduced us to plastic production. Then the students, using Internet resources, became acquainted with the production of plastic packaging (plastic bottles). The children studied in great detail the production of polyethylene terephthalate and products made from it. Compare different kinds containers (plastic and glass), identified advantages and disadvantages. At first glance, plastic containers are an excellent packaging material. But the amount of plastic packaging increases every year not only in production, but also in waste. 260 million tons of plastic products are thrown into nature as waste. in year. Plastic waste as household garbage heavily pollutes the surface of the entire earth; rivers and streams carry it into the World Ocean, forming giant floating islands. Which cause significant damage to the Earth's ecosystem. We have proven that the chemical industry is not only a cutting-edge industry, but also an environmental disaster.
Based on the integrated lesson, an idea arose to study in more detail the impact of plastic waste on the ecology of the Earth and present the material in the form of a project. Working groups were created, whose participants showed the research results in the form of reports and presentations.
The first group conducted a raid on the outskirts of our city. The guys took pictures of the resting places of the townspeople. The largest portion of the trash found was plastic bottles. Then they conducted a social survey of housing and communal services workers and city residents. The report was presented in the form of a video report.
The second group investigated the impact of plastic waste on the environment. The guys presented material about pollution of land and the World Ocean. They showed the threat plastic waste (bottles, caps, disposable syringes, bags, etc.) pose to living organisms, causing the death of marine and terrestrial animals. Getting acquainted with the material, they discovered that nature itself activated evolutionary mechanisms and began to “create” bacteria that “eat” plastic.
Another group of students explored the possibility of recycling plastic waste. They got acquainted with the plastic bottle processing plant of Resurs LLC, which is located in the Penza region in the village of Chaadaevka, the enterprise of which processes 100 tons of bottles per month. This is an excellent raw material for the production of paving slabs, packaging tape, brooms and accessories for kitchen sets.
Students presented a research report on a given topic in the form of a report, video material and presentations at a scientific and practical conference of students at their school.
We, the students, the new generation, want to know what the future holds for us.
We want to invite people to live more rationally:
- use only environmentally friendly packaging material;
- clean and waste-free production;
Changes in the natural environment that are unfavorable for humanity can be eliminated using modern achievements.
If each of us begins to take care of nature at least at the everyday level, then we will be able to reduce the negative impact on the planet.
Conference.
Introduction.
We invited you to the conference “Planet in Plastic Packaging”
How did the idea of holding a lesson, environmental action and this conference come about? ?
This September school year We traditionally went on an excursion into nature to explore water, air and soil. Every time we see a serious anthropogenic impact - large piles of garbage, the basis of which is plastic packaging. And we wondered if our planet would end up completely wrapped in plastic. Do we really need such packaging, why does so much of it accumulate in the environment, is it possible to recycle it at present?
We will try to answer these questions during our conference.
Sborshchikova V.:
Somehow, having gathered my last strength,
The Lord created a beautiful planet.
Gave her the shape of a large ball,
And he planted trees and flowers there,
Herbs of unprecedented beauty.
Many animals began to live there:
Snakes, elephants, turtles and birds.
Here's a gift for you, people, own it
Plow the land, sow it with grain.
I bequeath everything to you from now on -
Take care of this shrine!
Everything would be fine, of course,
But...civilization has arrived.
Technological progress was unleashed.
The scientific world, hitherto dormant, suddenly rose again,
And gave to the earth's population your hellish inventions.
Let's talk about one invention that the 20th century brought to the 21st - the production of plastics.
The advantage of plastics over other natural materials (objects).
How are plastics produced chemically? What raw materials are used for this, he will tell us -
Most of the polymer materials are used to produce packaging.
In what area is plastic packaging used?
This question will be answered for us Kazakova Maria. Presentation 3 “Use of plastic packaging”
At first glance, people should be delighted with this achievement in the field of chemistry, since an excellent packaging material has been created. How safe is it for humans and the world around them?
The properties of plastic were studied by students of grade 9 “b”.
Karpushov Maxim will talk about what they studied in class.
Karpushov Maxim.
In the open integrated lesson “The chemical industry is an avant-garde branch of production or an environmental disaster,” we conducted practical research work to study the properties of plastic.
We see that recycling plastic waste is difficult and unsafe. Can they be recycled? What impact does plastic waste have on the environment?
Word Tenchurina Victoria. Presentation 4 “The impact of plastic packaging on the environment”
Pupils of 9 “b” went out on an ecological path in September. He will tell us about the results of the excursion Pavlishina Polina. Presentation 5 “Excursion to a natural complex”
Leading: Polina, do you think garbage in nature is a random phenomenon or is it a pattern even for our beloved city?
Polina: No, this is not an accident. In the vicinity of our town, garbage can be found everywhere and in quite large quantities.
Leading: The children from the 10th grade, who also participated in the ecological trail last school year, became interested in this problem. They conducted a photo shoot and a sociological survey of housing and communal services workers and residents of our city.
Erokhin Vladislav will present you the results of his work. Presentation 6 “Garbage is near us”
Rybalsky Kirill will introduce you to video material, filmed in our city.
As we see, the mountains of garbage are growing. Tons of plastic products end up in the world's oceans, forming floating islands. What to do? Will our beautiful planet end up in plastic packaging?
Didn't stand aside Penza region. She was one of the first to take part in the recycling and recycling of plastic bottles.
“Resource” will tell us about the company Klygin Anton. Presentation 7 “Recycling of plastic bottles in the village of Chaadaevka.”
On the same open lesson the guys proposed their own ways of recycling plastic waste and presented their ideas in the form of mini-projects that they will present to us
Leading: Children not only from our school are concerned about this issue, children from all over the world worried about the future. With the development of industry, people forgot about nature.
“The Girl Who Silenced the World” (video from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TReKZZtOvU)
Our planet is literally choking on garbage; each of us takes out garbage from our apartments almost every day; for example, in St. Petersburg, about 8 million cubic meters of household garbage are generated per year.
In nature, nothing disappears without a trace; everything disintegrates and returns again. natural cycle. The activities of modern consumer society are linear, that is, we first take, consume, and then throw away. Modern product manufacturers make packaging colorful and attractive; food products in such packaging do not spoil for a long time. Polymer materials are mainly used for packaging production. Plastic is used everywhere today and not only for packaging. We began to use plastic tableware very often; today, for every inhabitant of the planet there is up to 88.5 kg of disposable plastic tableware per year. Used packaging and other waste end up in landfills, littering the earth. Under natural conditions, paper decomposes within 2-5 months, cigarette butts from 1 to 12 years, plastic bags decompose within 10-20 years, plastic packaging practically does not decompose. Plastic is a real disaster for nature! The world's oceans are literally overflowing with plastic waste, mostly packaging material? bottles and bags, around 95% of seabirds found in the North Sea have plastic waste in their stomachs. For example, in Belgium, researchers found 1,600 pieces of plastic in the stomach of a dead bird! According to the UN, plastic waste causes the death of 1 million seabirds per year. For example, in the stomach of a dead albatross chick, 272 pieces of various small debris were found; it got there with food; the fact is that the stomachs of the fish that fed it were full of debris. All this accumulated in the chick's stomach until it was full. Plastic waste is not the only reason people die because of plastic waste. seabirds, but also a large number of marine mammals: dolphins, seals, whales and other animals. A plastic bag in the ocean can resemble a jellyfish, if swallowed by a turtle, it can block its digestive tract or make it feel full, causing the animal to stop eating and die.
In 2006, volunteer cleaners found 1,074 animals entangled in various debris and old fishing gear. About 80% of plastic enters the seas and oceans from land. A huge amount of garbage is growing in the Pacific Ocean. The currents formed two huge garbage patches: the eastern and western Pacific garbage patches. The eastern section is located between the Hawaiian Islands and the California coast. The area of this huge garbage island is twice as large more territory state of Texas, and the mass of household waste concentrated there, by the way, 90% consisting of plastic, exceeds 3.5 million tons; the western waste site is located east of Japan.
If we do not limit the consumption of non-recyclable plastic now, then in the next decade the area of ocean waste, already huge, could double. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that it is almost impossible to completely clean the ocean of household and other garbage.
Burning plastic waste also causes enormous damage to the environment; when it is burned, very toxic substances are released into the atmosphere, which are harmful not only to the environment, but also to human health. Reducing the use of plastic packaging or recycling it can change the situation. In the best way Reducing the amount of plastic waste can include abandoning plastic packaging and those products that contain plastic.
Will help solve the problem separate collection waste, their further processing and production of polymer materials from recycled materials, as well as the development and production of packaging from bio- and water-degradable materials, termination and complete prohibition of the free distribution of plastic packaging and bags in retail outlets. The introduction of fees for plastic packaging will significantly reduce its popularity among the population. Huge contribution The widespread use of paper packaging will contribute to reducing the amount of waste, since paper is an environmentally friendly material; only paint applied to it can harm the environment.
Each person can make a small contribution to reducing waste. First of all, you need to leave as little garbage as possible in recreational areas, be it a forest, a park or a beach, and household waste must be placed only in containers specially designed for this, that is, do not arrange unauthorized dumps. When purchasing goods and products in stores, you should pay attention to their packaging, giving preference to environmentally friendly packaging; if you have a choice, refuse to purchase products in plastic packaging. When you go shopping, take a bag with you so you don't have to buy plastic bag and finally, try to purchase products whose packaging can be recycled or reused.
Remember that each of us is responsible for the fate of our common home - planet Earth, and everyone is able to make a feasible contribution to its cleansing.
Our planet is literally choking on garbage (photo: x3mblog.ru)
Our planet is literally suffocating from garbage, each of us takes out garbage from our apartment almost every day, for example, in St. Petersburg, about 8 million cubic meters of household garbage are generated per year.
In nature, nothing disappears without a trace; everything disintegrates and returns to the natural cycle. The activities of modern consumer society are linear, that is, we first take, consume, and then throw away. Modern product manufacturers make packaging colorful and attractive; food products in such packaging do not spoil for a long time. Polymer materials are mainly used for packaging production. Plastic Today it is used everywhere and not only for packaging production. We very often began to use plastic dishes, today every inhabitant of the planet accounts for up to 88.5 kg of plastic disposable tableware per year. Used packaging and other waste end up in landfills, littering the earth.
Under natural conditions, paper decomposes within 2-5 months, cigarette butts from 1 to 12 years, plastic bags They decompose within 10-20 years; plastic packaging practically does not decompose. Plastic is a real disaster for nature! The world's oceans are literally overflowing with plastic waste, mainly packaging material - bottles and bags, about 95% of seabirds living in the North Sea have plastic waste in their stomachs. For example, in Belgium, researchers found 1,600 pieces of plastic in the stomach of a dead bird! According to the UN, plastic waste causes the death of 1 million seabirds per year. For example, in the stomach of a dead albatross chick, 272 pieces of various small debris were found; it got there with food; the fact is that the stomachs of the fish that fed it were full of debris. All this accumulated in the chick's stomach until it was full. Due to plastic waste, not only seabirds are dying, but also a large number of marine mammals: dolphins, seals, whales and other animals. A plastic bag in the ocean can resemble a jellyfish, if swallowed by a turtle, it can block its digestive tract or make it feel full, causing the animal to stop eating and die.
.jpg)
A polluted river in Manila (Philippines) flows through poor neighborhoods, March 01, 2009 (photo: AFP)
In 2006, volunteer cleaners found 1,074 animals entangled in various debris and old fishing gear. About 80% of plastic enters the seas and oceans from land. A huge amount of garbage is growing in the Pacific Ocean. The currents formed two huge garbage patches: the eastern and western Pacific garbage patches. The eastern section is located between the Hawaiian Islands and the California coast. The area of this huge garbage island is twice the size of the state of Texas, and the mass of household waste concentrated there, by the way, 90% consisting of plastic, exceeds 3.5 million tons. The western garbage area is located east of Japan.
If we do not limit the consumption of non-recyclable plastic now, then in the next decade the area of ocean waste, already huge, could double. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that it is almost impossible to completely clean the ocean of household and other garbage.
Burning plastic waste also causes enormous damage to the environment; when it is burned, very toxic substances are released into the atmosphere, which are harmful not only to the environment, but also to human health. Reducing the use of plastic packaging or its reuse. The best way to reduce the amount of plastic waste is to refuse plastic packaging and those products that contain plastic.
.jpg)
Plastic bottles carefully collected by the Vacha dam, near the Bulgarian town of Krichim (photo: AFP)
Will help solve the problem separate waste collection, their further processing and production of polymer materials from recycled materials, as well as the development and production of packaging from bio- and water-degradable materials, termination and complete prohibition of the free distribution of plastic packaging and bags at retail outlets. The introduction of fees for plastic packaging will significantly reduce its popularity among the population. The widespread use of paper packaging, since paper is environmentally friendly material, only paint applied to it can harm the environment.
Each person can make a small contribution to reducing waste. First of all, there is no need to leave garbage in recreational areas, be it a forest, a park or a beach, and household waste must be placed only in containers specially designed for this, that is, do not arrange unauthorized dumps. When purchasing goods and products in stores, you should pay attention to their packaging, giving preference to environmentally friendly packaging; if you have a choice, refuse to purchase products in plastic packaging. When you go shopping, take a bag with you so you don't have to buy a plastic bag, and finally, try to buy products whose packaging can be recycled or reused.
Remember that each of us is responsible for the fate of our common home - planet Earth, and everyone is able to make a feasible contribution to its cleansing.