Presentation of an ecological kaleidoscope travel game. Ecology quiz "Ecological Kaleidoscope"; primary classes. Why do forest fires occur?

MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SCHOOL No. 28

NAMED AFTER THE HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION D. M. KARBYSHEV

G.O. SAMARA

Class hour on ecology

"ECOLOGICAL KALEIDOSCOPE"

I've done the work:

primary school teacher

Bruskova O.P.

The age of children for whom the class is intended is 7-10 years.

The necessary preliminary work is to print out the task cards.

Target : to form an initial idea of ​​ecology as a science, its role in people’s lives.

Tasks :

Educational:

to form an understanding of the concept of “ecology”, to teach to observe the rules and norms of behavior in nature;

Educational:

develop curiosity, logical thinking, imagination, speech, the ability to reason and justify your judgments;

Educational:

to cultivate an ecological culture (teach to see the beauty of the surrounding world, treat nature with care, form a belief about the personal responsibility of each person for the state of the natural environment).

Subject results:

participate to the best of your ability in nature conservation;

have an understanding of ecology.

Meta-subject results:

Make assumptions about what ecology is;

Using drawings (ecological signs), tell about nature - our green home;

Express your attitude towards nature in your own drawing (ecological sign);

In collaboration with classmates, organize search activities to study the laws of ecology.

Personal results:

Understand the tasks of ecology as a science and environmental movement in Russia and in the world, the need for nature conservation.

Cognitive:

Navigate in the knowledge system, extract information presented in different forms(text, diagram), observe and draw independent conclusions.

Communicative:

Communicate your position to others, listen and understand the speech of others, engage in conversation.

Leading:

Various sciences study nature. This includes botany - the science of plants, and zoology - the science of animals, and many others. But there is a special science that studies how plants, animals and humans are related to each other, how they are adapted to the nature around them and how they influence it. This science is ECOLOGY. Its name comes from ancient Greek word"oikos" which meanshouse and "logos" -the science . After all, nature is common Home for plants, animals and humans.

I bring to your attention a quiz - travel " Ecological kaleidoscope" I invite you to the Kingdom of Nature, to play, reflect, guess riddles, sing, and in the end - a solemn dedication toyoung ecologists.

I hope, thanks to active work during class hour, you will understand how important it is to take care of nature and make efforts to protect and preserve it.

So, in bon voyage! We begin a journey into the amazing, beautiful and mysterious Kingdom of Nature.

You are friends,

Look, don't let us down!

And promise to be truthful and kind!

Don't offend either the bird or the cricket,

Don't buy a butterfly net!

Love flowers, forests, fields and arable lands -

Everything that is called our Motherland!

World of plants, mushrooms

Insert the “missing” words in the correct order, and implement the wise advice on a warm spring day (work with cards)

A lot of forest -...,

Little forest -...,

There is no forest -...!

(Options:don’t destroy, take care, plant .)

Prompt the right word by completing the saying.

In July, the ants work, and ………….. shows off.

( Options:foliage, dragonfly, sun).

Try, guys, to solve the riddles.

Who, as soon as it gets hot

He will pull the “fur coat” over his shoulders,

And the evil cold will come -

Will he throw her off his shoulders?

(Forest)

She dies in the fall

And again in the spring it comes to life.

A green needle will come out into the light,

It grows and blooms all summer.

Cows without it are in trouble:

She is their main food.

(Grass)

He's not fragile at all

And he hid in a shell.

Look into the middle -

You will see the core.

It is the hardest of all fruits.

It's called...

(Nut)

I saw a red mushroom in the forest,

I admire its beauty:

Little white leg

There are polka dots on the hat.

But I won't rip it off.

I'll admire it and leave.

(Amanita)

Tall, always green.

I am taller than the willow, taller than the maple.

I pull my hands - straight to the clouds.

And the granddaughters are dancing around:

Fluffy, pretty,

They look like hedgehogs.

(Spruce)

I am a drop of summer

On a thin leg.

They weave boxes and baskets for me.

Who loves me

He is glad to bow,

And the name was given to me by my native land.

(Strawberry)

Animal world

Try to pronounce the tongue twisters clearly and loudly. Who is better?

Swans with their cubs were flying.

There is a jackdaw on the willow, and there are pebbles on the shore.

The crow missed the crow.

Who they turned into or were enchanted:

Prince Guidon?

(Into a mosquito, a fly, a bumblebee. “The Tale of Tsar Saltan, about his glorious son and mighty hero Prince Gvidon Saltanovich and about the beautiful swan princess” A. S. Pushkin)

The giant cannibal from the fairy tale by Charles Perrault?

(Into the lion, the mouse. “Puss in Boots”)

Eleven brothers - princes from the fairy tale by H. H. Andersen?

(In swans. "Wild swans")

Pinocchio?

(In the donkey. “The Adventures of Pinocchio” by C. Collodi.)

Remember who they are (a boa constrictor, a little fox, etc.), the following fairy tale heroes:

Riki – Tiki – Tavi?

(Mongoose. “Riki-Tiki-Tavi” by R. Kipling)

Mister Nilsson?

(Monkey. “Pippi Longstocking” by A. Lindgren)

Kaa?

(Boa constrictor “Mowgli” by R. Kipling)

Ludwig the Fourteenth?

(Little Fox. “Tutta Karlsson The First and Only” by E. Ekholm)

Matroskin?

(Cat. “Uncle Fyodor, Dog and Cat” by E. Uspensky)

Who is this? Guess the description:

Brown, clubfooted, clumsy - ... (bear).

Gray, toothy, scary - ... (wolf).

Sly, fluffy, red - ... (fox).

Wolfgrowls, howls, whines.

Foxyelps, whines.

Boargrunts.

Hedgehogsnorts.

Squirrelclicks his teeth.

Deer, elkblows.

Lynxgrowls.

Bisonhums.

Who lives where?

Bear in wintersleeps in a den.

Wolfin the lair.

Foxin the hole.

Beaverin a hut on the shore.

Squirrelin the hollow.

Hedgehogin a mink.

Bisonin the Pushcha.

Boarin the thicket.

Haretrembles under the bush.

Who loves what?

Bear -honey, raspberries, berries, fish, carrion.

Boar -acorns, carrion.

Fox -chickens, geese, hares.

Wolf -sheep, calves, hares.

Lynx -meat of other animals.

Bison -grass, leaves.

Elk, deer -grass, branches, bark, hay, salt.

Hedgehog -mice, snakes.

Squirrel -nuts, cones, mushrooms.

Hare -bark of young trees.

Human and nature

People about nature

Stopped thinking.

Destroy, spoil,

They kill, they torture.

And animals and birds

They kill brutally.

Garbage, waste

The rivers are polluted!

How is this so? Is this true? True, but not all people are like that. Guys, do you love nature?

Don't you break trees?

Don't you shoot birds with slingshots?

Do you know the rules of behavior in nature? Fill in the missing words (work with cards).

Use (garbage bags) to take all the accumulated garbage with you to the nearest trash bin or landfill.

Use rugs or mattresses for lining the tent (don't chop ) needles and spruce branches.

Use (padded) hiking route.

Not (ruin ) anthills.

After relaxing in nature (extinguish ) fire with water or (fall asleep) earth.

For each diagram, formulate a rule of behavior in nature. (work with cards)

Possible answers:

Don't offend the forest dwellers.

Do not break tree branches.

Do not touch wild animals.

Don't catch butterflies for fun.

Don't destroy birds' nests.

Don't pick flowers.

Look to nature for inspiration

For a song, for a fairy tale,

For a poem!

Let's remember the words of each line from the song and sing cheerfully about sunny summer! (“Song about Summer” From the cartoon “Santa Claus and Summer” Words by Yu. Entin, music by E. Krylatov)

We are on the road with a song about......,

The most......song in the world.

We're in the forest...... maybe we'll meet you.

It's good that it's raining......

We are covered in bronze…….

Berries in the forest...... by fire.

We love...... roast for good reason.

Summer is......!

Here it is......summer!

Summer......dressed in greenery,

Summer is hot......warmed,

Summer is breathing with the breeze!

On...... sunny edge

The green ones are jumping…….

And they dance...... - girlfriends,

…… everything is all around!

(Words: summer, best, hedgehog, passed, tanned, burning, summer, good,

ours, bright, sunshine, green, frog, butterfly, blooms)

RESULTS

You diligently completed all the tasks, which means you saw and heard the beauty of the surrounding nature: a silver dragonfly, a tree with finger-like branches, fragrant strawberries on a thin stalk, a nimble grasshopper, a rain song... Perhaps nature inspired you to write a fairy tale or song. To the joyful cries of “Hurray!”, the applause of green palms - leaves and drum roll rain - you are dedicated toyoung ecologists

You still have to find answers to the mysteries of Nature, treat Her with care, because the HOUSE in which we all live is not only very mysterious and interesting, but also very fragile. Save it!

LIST OF REFERENCES USED:

Magazine "Pedagogical Council", No. 6, 2000.

Children's magazine for family reading "Rainbow", No. 6 (22), 2005.

Tuzova V.L. “First class - day by day” - St. Petersburg, 2002

“Ecology for Children”/Edited by Yu.S. Astakhova-Samara, 1994

Cards:

Use _____________________ to take all accumulated garbage with you to the nearest trash can or landfill. Use rugs or mattresses, _________________ pine needles and spruce branches for bedding under the tent. Use the ______________ route for your hike. Not _________________ anthills. After relaxing in nature, ____________a fire with water or ____________earth.

Target: environmental education of students.

Tasks:

• nurturing love for native nature and its beauty;
• developing an understanding of the essence of environmental problems facing humanity;
• formation ecological culture behavior in environment, civil responsibility for its preservation;
• realize patriotic education;
• promote a love of nature;

Progress of the lesson

1. Organizing time.

Today we will go to the temple of nature (slide number 4). Presentation

There is just a temple
There is a temple of science.
And there is also a temple of nature -
With scaffolding reaching out
Towards the sun and winds.
Come in here
Be a little hearty
Don't desecrate it!

1. Main part.

Nature is diverse and unpredictable. She is how an affectionate mother cherishes and caresses, how an evil stepmother is strict and unapproachable... (Slide No. 5)

The gentle sun is often obscured by clouds and streams of rain fall on the ground.

In ancient times, when there were significantly fewer people and machines had not yet been invented, the expression “fighting nature” came into use. In our century, the balance of power between man and nature has become different. What is needed is not fighting, but protection. And nature asks us for help. Caring for the earth, forests, rivers, clean air, flora and fauna is the main thing. Our Motherland must become environmentally friendly. (Slide No. 6)

Let's define what ecology is (slide number 7).

Ecology, this word comes from two Greek words “oikos” - house and “logos” - teaching. Ecology is the science of habitat and environment.

Let's look at some ecological problems: (slide number 8)

• water pollution;
• deforestation;
• air pollution;
• land degradation.

15% of Russia's territory is environmentally unfavorable, especially in large industrial cities (slide number 9).

The environmental situation in Russia in numbers:

• For every resident of Russia, approximately 42 tons of rock mass are mined annually, of which 13 tons go to dumps.
• Gas and dust emissions amount to 0.48 tons.
• Carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels are 3.5 tons.
• 184 tons of polluted water are discharged.
• Every year in Russia, from 1 to 7 million hectares of forests burn, 80% of forest fires occur due to human fault.

But forests produce 80–90% of the oxygen necessary for life on the planet.

Now let's see how big our planet is (slide number 10).

Let's take an apple for example. Let's imagine that this is our Earth. We divide it into four parts: three of them are water. We take the fourth small part and divide it again, then we get a piece of “land” where people do not live, and we divide another eighth into three parts: two particles (cities, forests, roads) - land that cannot be used in agriculture. Now let’s cut off the skin - this will be a fertile layer of soil. And sometimes, in order to shorten the path, we cross what has been plowed, dug up, sown... Once, twice, we crossed, and now the soil ceases to be fertile, and nothing grows on it in this place (slide no. 11-14).

Like an apple on a platter
We have one land.
Take your time, people
Scrape everything down to the bottom.
It's no wonder to get there
To hidden hiding places,
Loot all the wealth
In future centuries.
We common life grains.
Relatives of the same fate,
It's shameful for us to feast
For the next day.
Understand this people
Otherwise there will be no Earth.
And each of us.

(Slide No. 15).

“I picked a flower and it withered. I caught a moth - and it died in my palm. And then I realized that you can touch beauty only with your heart.” (slide number 16).

Guys, did you know that paper thrown away by you will last more than two years, tin cans - more than 30 years, plastic bags - more than 200 years, glass - 1000 years?

(Slide No. 17-20)

Communicating with nature, people have long observed it. This is how environmental proverbs and sayings appeared.

Exercise: pick up the second part of the saying.

• A lot of snow - a lot of bread.
• Forest and plant - salvation for the beast.
• Forest and water - beauty of nature.
• The enemy of nature is who doesn't care for the forest.

Guys, you know that there are government and Religious holidays, but there are also environmental dates on the calendar. (Slide No. 21)

• March 22 is World Water Day.
• April 1 is International Bird Day.
• April 22 is Earth Day.
• June 5 is World Environment Day.

1. Summing up and homework.

• Let's remember what ECOLOGY is.
• What measures need to be taken to maintain ecological balance in nature?
• Draw up a route sheet (the path from home to school) indicating environmental violations. ( Slide number 22).

Vakhova Nadezhda Timofeevna.

Mathematic teacher, classroom teacher 9th grade.

MCOU Staroselskaya secondary school of Safonovsky district, Smolensk region, village of Staroe Selo

Ecological kaleidoscope

This wonderful world

I bless you, forests,

Valleys, fields, mountains, waters!

I bless freedom

AND blue skies!

A.K. Tolstoy

Classroom plan

1.Introductory word about the forest.

2.First competition. Quiz “MOST – MOST”

3.Second competition: “FOREST SECRETS”

4. Third competition: “HEALTH FROM THE FOREST”

5. Fourth competition: “Birds are friends of the forest”

6. Fifth competition: “THESE FUNNY ANIMALS”

7.Did you know that...

8. Not to blame, but in the answer.

We all love the forest. How can you not love him? Our forests are amazingly beautiful! This is the greatest creation of nature, the beauty and pride of our planet. In them we find rest and silence from city noise, coolness from the summer heat, and, in the thicket, protection from the wind.

If you came to the forest for a walk,

Fresh air breathe,

You didn't come to kill!

Let the butterflies fly

Well, who are they bothering?

There's no need to catch them here,

Stomp, clap, hit with a stick.

You are just a guest in the forest,

Here the owner is the oak and the elk,

Take care of their peace,

After all, they are not our enemies.

Let's start the game - ecological kaleidoscope

"THIS AMAZING WORLD"

First competition. Quiz “MOST – MOST”

1. Most beautiful tree in our country? (Birch).

2. The most terrible enemy of the forest? (Fire).

3. Moose's favorite food? (Aspen branches).

5. What is the most common tree in Russian forests? (Larch).

Second competition: “FOREST SECRETS”

What is the name of the pine forest and the city in the Nizhny Novgorod region? (Bohr).

What is the name of the birch forest and the city in Sverdlovsk region? (Grove).

What is the name of a lot of trees growing over a large area and a river in Belgium? (Forest).

The name of this worm comes from atmospheric phenomenon. Who is he? (Earthworm).

Change one letter in the name of a poultry and you will turn it into a predatory forest animal with valuable fur. (Chicken - marten).

Third competition: “HEALTH FROM THE FOREST”

How to use Linden blossom V folk medicine?

(Like tea for colds and coughs).

How is oak bark used in folk medicine? (As a decoction of the bark for inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, for bleeding gums).

For humans, the tincture of this perennial herb is a sedative, and for cats it is a stimulant. What kind of grass is this? (Valerian).

What is the yellow sour fruit called? southern tree, which we use during a cold? (Lemon).

The honey collected from the flowers of this tree is fragrant and extremely tasty. Name this tree. (Linden).

Fourth competition: “Birds are friends of the forest”

1.Which birds fly to us from the south first? (Rooks).

2. What bird breeds chicks in winter? (Crossbill).

3.What birds spend the night burrowing into the snow? (Grouse grouse, hazel grouse).

4. Which bird is white in winter? ( Ptarmigan).

5. What bird does not build nests and hatch chicks? (Cuckoo).

Fifth competition: “THESE FUNNY ANIMALS”

1. When do beavers build their homes?

a) In the morning; b) at night; c) during the day.

2. What does a wolf do after getting food?

a) Eats on his own;

b ) feeds the she-wolf;

c) gives food to newborn wolf cubs.

3. When do moose shed their headdress - antlers?

A ) In winter; b) in spring; c) in summer; d) in the fall?

4. Name the animal with the most precious skin?

a) Squirrel; b) marten; V) sable.

5. Are rabbits born blind or sighted? (Sighted).

6. Dry or fresh mushrooms eats squirrel? (Dry).

Did you know that...

Writers, artists, composers, people different professions find the source of their inspiration in the forest.

“Forests teach people to understand beauty.” (A.P. Chekhov).

1. In the works of which writers and poets does the theme native nature takes great place? (Nekrasov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Yesenin, etc.)

2. On the canvases of which artists pine trees are depicted? spruce forests, nature native land? (Iv. Iv. Shishkin, Victor Mikh. Vasnetsov, Vas. Iv. Surikov, Isaac Il. Levitan, etc.)

The forest is a source of wood. Spruce is used for musical instruments, for construction; oak is used in shipbuilding and furniture production; pine is a source of chemical products (turpentine, rosin, tar), aspen is used in the production of matches and various crafts.

The forest is a living environment for many birds and animals; it is a reserve of furs and game.

The forest contains berries, mushrooms, and medicinal plants.

Taking care of preserving the wealth of nature is the duty of every inhabitant of planet Earth. In particular, our duty is to preserve and protect forests and the birds and animals that live in them.

NOT GUILTY, BUT IS THE RESPONSE

Thank you, forest, for everything:

For the silence of solitude,

And the warmth of touch,

For the air that smells like honey,

For the aroma of flowering meadows,

For all living things that live,

For all those whistling and singing,

For the selflessness of existence,

For generosity to the point of self-forgetfulness.

I apologize to you

For all human sins.

Sorry for walking the ax

In your spruce twilight,

Like an unextinguished fire

He rushed by like a mad dog,

What I couldn't prevent

I'm a sneaky shot at dawn

FOR EVERYTHING I ASK YOU FORGIVE ME,

IT IS NOT GUILTY, BUT IS THE RESPONSE.

Nadezhda Kudashkina.

Document's name ecological kaleidoscope.ppt

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Description of the presentation by individual slides:

Slide no. 1

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Slide no. 2

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Ecology is a science that studies our home - the planet on which we live, and how we should live in this house. Kaleidoscope (from Greek kalos - beautiful, eidos - view)

Slide no. 3

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Slide no. 4

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Slide no. 5

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Ground floor mushrooms What does a mushroom consist of? How long does a mushroom live? How many years does mycelium live? What can mushrooms not live without? Which forest does he prefer? White mushroom? What tree is Russula friendly with? What work do mushrooms do in the forest?

Slide no. 6

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What do you know about lichens? What are lichens? Is it possible to determine air pollution by the condition of lichens?

Slide no. 7

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Rules in nature 1. Don't pick flowers, don't break trees. 2. Do not destroy nests and anthills. 3. Protect plants and animals, especially those listed in the Red Book. 4. Burn fires only in specially equipped places: the fire must be removed from trees, the fire area must be cleared of grass and covered with stones or earth; for a fire, use dry dead wood or specially stored firewood; Before leaving, fill the fire with water and cover it with earth. 6. Don’t burn grass in the spring, as it can cause the forest to catch fire. 7. Do not create garbage heaps; take all empty cans and bottles, along with other garbage, out of the forest with you and throw them in specially equipped places or bury them. 8. Do not uproot or break off berry bushes. Set up houses and feeders for birds and other animals. 9. Don’t make noise or disturb the inhabitants of the forest.

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Slide no. 9

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Quiz “Trees” 1. The needles of this tree live for 10-12 years. The cones are raised upward, like candles, when ripe, they crumble into pieces, leaving a stem. There are many swellings on the bark, up to 700, and in them there is a transparent “fragrant” liquid, it is called “balm”. In winter, this resin protects the tree from the cold, and at other times - from insects trying to penetrate under the bark. 2. For the winter, this tree sheds its needles. The needles are soft and silky. Long-lived. After “death,” wood is well preserved. St. Petersburg was built on stilts made of this wood. Sarcophagus decks and war chariots with wheels were previously built from it. Oval shaped cones.

Slide no. 10

Slide description:

3. Translated from Latin, “quercus” means beautiful tree. Long-lived. Very resistant to pest attacks, strong storms, and drought. The personification of strength, power, strength. A wreath made from the branches of this tree was awarded for saving lives and military exploits. The ancient Slavs revered this tree as magical, associated with the god of thunder and lightning Perun, and the ancient Greeks associated it with the god of the Sun, science and art, Apollo. 4. This tree differs from others in the color of its bark; it contains white matter- betulin. In any weather, its bark remains cool.

Slide no. 11

Slide description:

5. The wood of this tree contains “milky” sap, which contains rubber. The leaves of this tree do not show any damage caused by caterpillars and beetles - for some reason insects do not touch the foliage of the tree. The “tears” of a tree can be used to predict the approach of rain. 6. For its delicate, beautiful appearance, the ancient Slavs associated this tree with Lada, the goddess of love and beauty. The name comes from the Greek word “ptilon” - wing. Heart-shaped leaves. A big tree during the flowering period it produces 12 kg of honey, which is considered the best. 7. The wood of this tree rots quickly, but it lives for a short time - 80-100 years. In autumn, during leaf fall, the tree sheds excess branches. When there are no leaves, the tree can be recognized by the taste of the bark - bitterness and smell are felt. The tree blooms before the leaves appear. The stump does not produce shoots.

Slide no. 12

Slide description:

8. Which tree is an excellent “vacuum cleaner”, one of the best dust and soot cleaners? The wood fibers are uneven, and the ax gets stuck in it. 9. This tree grows in the Caucasus. The wood is hard, even an ax can bounce off it. The knife doesn't take it. In the water it immediately sinks. Machine parts are made from it. His scientific name boxwood, which folk one? 10.The fruits of the tree look like sausage, but are inedible. 11. The trunk is about 10 m long, about 100 m high. It lives 3-4 thousand years. In one such tree, the Indians cut a 9 m tunnel in which a truck drove. In another tree they set up a dance floor where 15 couples danced, a brass band played and there was still room for 20 spectators. There are only 500 of these trees left. What is it called? 12. This tree grows in the tropics. The fruit is round and reaches a weight of 16-30 kg. Flatbreads are baked from it by cutting the fruit and adding yeast and milk.

Slide no. 13

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13. It grows in Brazil. Tree-cow - that's what people call it. To “milk” it, you need to cut the bark. The juice resembles milk. What is its scientific name? 14. This tree can be found in India, China, Japan, the Caucasus, and Crimea. The dried fruits resemble candy. What kind of tree is this? 15. The diameter of the tree is approximately 10 m. It feeds, waters and clothes. The leaves are eaten as vegetables. A drink similar to lemonade is prepared from the fruits. Fiber is obtained from the bark for nets, bags, paper, and clothing. The bark is soft, and therefore it is affected by fungus; storerooms, warehouses and living quarters for people are arranged in hollows.

Slide no. 14

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“Trees for Humans” 1. The firewood of which trees provides little heat? 2. What kind of wood is used to make pencil sticks? 3. Name the “pioneer” trees that populate any free piece of land. 4. The roots of this tree help hydraulic builders, holding the banks together no worse than steel reinforcement and preventing waves from washing away or eroding the banks?

Slide no. 15

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5. What kind of wood is used to make turpentine, sulfur, and rosin? 6. What kind of trees is plywood made from? 7.What is plywood made from? 8. What kind of wood are telegraph poles made from? 9. From the needles, leaves, and wood of which trees are they obtained? medicines? Which?

Slide no. 16

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10.Which trees are “honey plants”? 11. What trees give us small tasty nuts? 12. What kind of wood is used to weave fishing gear, ropes, baskets, and make burlap? 13. Which trees are unpretentious and are not afraid of either heat or cold? 14. The seeds of which tree germinate only when wet after being exposed to low temperatures?

Slide no. 17

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Birds 1. What birds do not hatch eggs? 2. Woodpeckers like to move to new apartment. What type of woodpecker has a square nest? 3. In Spain, this bird is called the “deceiver of the shepherds.” Leads night look lives, saving goats and cows from insects that fly around their udders and torment them, not allowing them to rest. 4. When in danger, this bird can hiss, stretching its neck and turning its head so much that many people mistake it for a snake. 5 What bird flies at a speed of 100-200 km/h?

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6. Males of these birds are very polite and caring: they yield the best food females and diligently raise their chicks; they come to us with the first snow. 7. This bird is in good mood makes gentle sounds, for this it is called the “forest flute”, and in bad mood screams like a cat, which is why it is called the “forest cat.” 8. What is our smallest bird and does it eat a lot? 9. This bird catches insects in flight, even construction material for the nest is found in the air. On land, it behaves restlessly due to its short legs and long wings. It got its name because of its sounds, or maybe because, when flying, it “cuts the air.” The bird is popularly called the “forest lamb”; in flight, its wings, humming from the wind, make a bleating sound. 10. This bird immurs itself in a hollow for 4 months. It hatches eggs there, feeds the chicks and molts. She does this so that they don’t crawl into the hollow. Poisonous snakes, - leaves only a gap for breathing.

Slide no. 19

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Medicinal plants to help people” 1. What plants stop bleeding? 2. What plants purify the blood? 3. Which plants are rich in vitamins? 4. What plants are used for colds and coughs? 5. What plants are used as a sedative?

Slide no. 20

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6. What plants are used for eye diseases? 7. What plants are used for kidney diseases? 8.What plants are used for heart diseases? 9. Which plant lowers blood sugar? 10. Which plant contains menthol, a physiologically active component that has an anesthetic effect?

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Slide no. 22

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Plants are heroes of historical events When the queen of flowers, the beautiful rose, did not yet exist on Earth, this flower was valued everywhere more than all other creations of the goddess Flora. They decorated huts in Ancient China and in India, he was deified in Egypt and Babylon, elegies and odes were composed about him in Rome and Greece. And not at all for its beauty, which would later be eclipsed by the divine rose - it quenched the pain of wounded warriors, it was used to make incense oil, and ancient cooks prepared exquisite dishes and drinks from its berries and petals. And in Rus' they also knew him. In the chronicles one can find indications that entire expeditions were equipped to collect it, collecting it with “great diligence.” The need for it was so great that it was purchased from neighboring principalities. At the time of Ivan the Terrible, they sent sable furs, velvet, brocade, and satin to Kazan to exchange berries and petals of this plant. A strong brew prepared from its fruits was used to soak bandages and apply them to wounds. The ancient Romans considered it a symbol of morality, the Greeks planted it in the gardens around the temple of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, and decorated the path of newlyweds with its petals. It was a flower of joy, love, fun. Question. Name this plant (Rose hip.)

Slide no. 23

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Protector tree The custom of planting this tree came from the ancient Greeks and Romans. Medieval residents believed that it could protect against evil spirits, dragons, diseases and other misfortunes. The branches of these trees were nailed to the gate and entrance doors houses. IN middle lane In Russia, believing that this tree protects from evil forces and heals from sadness, and gives happiness, they tried to plant it closer to the house, near the windows, goes out onto the street: both people know better, and Satan is worse, and self-beauty and joy. From time immemorial, what were houses made of in Rus'? Of course, from wood: the richer ones - from oak, the poorer ones - from spruce and pine. The tarry poor peasants' huts stood for a long time, they were heated black and burst into flames at once. The fire engulfed entire villages in a matter of minutes. Particular danger came from “fiery” artisans - blacksmiths and smelters. Therefore, their workshops were resettled away from housing, to the outskirts, and surrounded by this tree. In Rus' there was also a custom to carry a sick person under this tree, because they believed that the spirit of this tree drives away illnesses. It turned out that flowers, leaves, berries, and even the bark of this tree contain volatile substances - phytoncides, destructive to pathogenic microbes. Questions. Name this tree? Why were blacksmiths and smelters skillfully planted with this tree? (Rowan. It has long been noticed that its wood catches fire with great difficulty, and its lush crown does not immediately succumb to the top flame.)

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Divine Origin B Ancient Egypt this plant was attributed to divine origin. According to legend, it grew from the blood of the murdered Horus, the son of Osiris and Isis. In memory of this, wreaths were made from the plant and festivals were held where it played a special role. For the same reason, since time immemorial, this plant has been considered a symbol of severe grief and sadness; with its help, condolences were expressed to the loved ones of the deceased. IN Ancient Greece if someone was considered hopelessly ill, they were told that he only needed this plant or that he would soon need this plant. Its greenery was also woven into bouquets of roses and lilies. When Greek colonial farmers began to develop the Peloponnese, a peninsula in the south of the country, they were amazed by the sparse vegetation of the places there. Only this plant grew on rocky soil. Questions. Name this plant. Can you guess why the greenery of this plant was woven into bouquets of lilies and roses? (Parsley. Parsley was woven into bouquets of lilies and roses to remind: fun does not last forever.)

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Head In Ancient Greece, this vegetable gained wide recognition and extraordinary popularity. It is believed that this plant is the first vegetable encountered by man. The outstanding commander of antiquity, Alexander the Great, according to legend, always before a battle considered it necessary to feed his soldiers with this particular vegetable: apparently, he was sure that this was the secret of his victories. I wonder what great mathematician and the philosopher Pythagoras not only glorified this vegetable, but, they say, also engaged in its selection: not without reason one of the best varieties in ancient times it was called by the name of Pythagoras. In Ancient Greece they seriously believed that this vegetable had all the “seven benefits” known on earth: hot... And therefore they were strongly advised to take it when various diseases. Scientists, not without reason, believe that the ancient Slavs received this culture from the Greco-Roman colonists of Crimea and other areas of the Black Sea region. Latin name This plant means "head". Questions. What kind of plant is this? Name ■“seven blessings* on earth.

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“Overseas” guest “This plant was worshiped and hated, royal palaces were decorated with its flowers, and the same plant was fed to domestic animals. In the German city of Offenburg there is a monument to the famous English navigator and pirate Francis Drake. The inscription on the monument says that it was Drake who brought this plant to Europe. But in fact, Europeans, at least the Spaniards, became acquainted with it earlier. Both in Europe and in Russia, the “overseas” guest was met with hostility. The bad rumor about the plant as a source of leprosy, tuberculosis, and rickets was so tenacious among the people that they flatly refused to plant it. In the first years, the fruits of this plant were a rare dish even on the royal table. From an inventory compiled for one palace dinner in 1741, we learn that this “delicacy” was served there in the amount of 1 ¼ pounds, which is 0.5 kg - and this for the entire royal court! It took more than a hundred years for this guest to take one of the first places on our table. Question. Name this plant.

Slide no. 27

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Invigorating “berries” Europe first learned about this plant from the Italian doctor Prosper Alpinus, who accompanied the Venetian embassy to Egypt and brought news about this plant from there in 1591. An Arab legend was known in Egypt about how in Ethiopia one shepherd noticed that goats that had eaten berries from a plant bush did not sleep, but frolicked and jumped all night. The shepherd told about this mullah, who decided to experience the effect of the berries himself. He needed this in order not to fall asleep in the mosque. The experience was a success. This tree grows in Ethiopia, formerly called the country of Kaffa. Question. Name the plant referred to in the Arabic legend.

Slide no. 28

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Impression In 1492, a few days after the discovery of islands in the Caribbean, Christopher Columbus recorded a grain plant unknown to Europeans, as well as the way it was used by the people of Cuba. However, the first samples were delivered to Spain only upon returning from the second trip. The Spanish conquistadors were greatly impressed by the extensive crops of this crop in Latin America. Considering the newly discovered continent to be a land of untold riches, they were ready to even find a plant made of precious metal there. It is not surprising that one Spaniard from the retinue of Hernando Cortes wrote about this plant: “Some strange plants grew in the fields as tall as more than a meter. It seemed as if they were made of pure gold, and their leaves were made of silver.” Question. What plant made such a strong impression on the Spaniards?

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