Natural phenomena that happen to children. Examples of seasonal phenomena of living and inanimate nature. Lake of volcanic ash

As children we all wonder blue sky, white clouds and bright stars. With age, this goes away for many, and we stop noticing nature. Look through this list of unusual natural phenomena, it will probably make you wonder Once again be amazed at the complex organization of our world, and natural phenomena in particular.

20. Lunar rainbow.

A lunar rainbow (also known as a night rainbow) is a rainbow created by the moon. A lunar rainbow is comparatively paler than a normal rainbow. A lunar rainbow is best seen when full moon, or at a phase of the moon close to full, since at this time the moon is at its brightest. For moonbows to appear, other than those caused by a waterfall, the moon must be low in the sky (less than 42 degrees and preferably lower) and the sky must be dark. And of course it must rain opposite the moon. The lunar rainbow is much more a rare event than a rainbow, which is visible in daylight. The moonbow phenomenon is observed in only a few places in the world. Waterfalls in Cumberland Falls, near Williamsburg, Kentucky, USA; Waimea, Hawaii; Trans-Ili Alatau in the foothills of Almaty; Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe are widely known as the site of frequent sightings of lunar rainbows. Yosemite National Park in the United States is home to a large number of waterfalls. As a result, lunar rainbows are also observed in the park, especially when the water level rises from melting snow in the spring. Lunar rainbows are also observed on the Yamal Peninsula in conditions of heavy fog. Probably, with sufficiently heavy fog and fairly clear weather, a lunar rainbow can be observed at any latitude.

19. Mirages

Despite their prevalence, mirages always evoke an almost mystical sense of wonder. An optical phenomenon in the atmosphere: the reflection of light by a boundary between layers of air that are sharply different in density. For an observer, such a reflection means that together with a distant object (or part of the sky), its virtual image is visible, shifted relative to the object. Mirages are divided into lower ones, visible under the object, upper ones, above the object, and side ones.

18. Halo

Halos usually occur when high humidity or severe frost- Previously, the halo was considered a phenomenon from above, and people expected something unusual. This is an optical phenomenon, a luminous ring around an object - a light source. A halo usually appears around the Sun or Moon, sometimes around other powerful light sources. There are many types of halos, but they are mainly caused by ice crystals in cirrus clouds at an altitude of 5-10 km in upper layers troposphere. Sometimes in frosty weather, a halo is formed by crystals very close to the earth's surface. In this case, the crystals resemble shining gemstones.

17. Belt of Venus

Interesting optical phenomenon, which occurs when the atmosphere is dusty, is an unusual “belt” between the sky and the horizon. Looks like a stripe from pink to orange color between the dark night sky below and the blue sky above, appearing before sunrise or after sunset parallel at an altitude of 10°-20° to the horizon in a place opposite to the Sun. In the belt of Venus, the atmosphere scatters the light of the setting (or rising) Sun, which appears redder, which is why it turns out pink color, not blue.

16. Pearl clouds

Unusually high clouds (about 10-12 km), becoming visible at sunset.

15. Northern Lights

The Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, are a truly stunning sight. This natural phenomenon can most often be observed in late autumn, winter or early spring.

14. Colored Moon

When the atmosphere is dusty, high humidity, or for other reasons, the Moon sometimes appears colored. The red Moon is especially unusual.

13. Lenticular clouds

An extremely rare phenomenon, appearing mainly before a hurricane. Opened just 30 years ago. Also called Mammatus clouds. clouds, round and shaped like a biconvex lens - in the past they were sometimes confused with UFOs.

12. St. Elmo's Fire.

A fairly common phenomenon caused by increased electric field strength before a thunderstorm, during a thunderstorm and immediately after. A discharge in the form of luminous beams or brushes (or corona discharge) that occurs at the sharp ends of tall objects (towers, masts, lonely standing trees, sharp tops of rocks, etc.) The first witnesses of this phenomenon were sailors who observed the lights of St. Elmo on masts and other vertical pointed objects.

11. Fire whirlwinds

A fire whirlwind is also known as a fire devil or fire tornado. This is a rare phenomenon in which the fire, under certain conditions, depending on temperature and air flows, acquires vertical vorticity. Fire whirls often appear when bushes are burning. Vertically rotating pillars can reach from 10 to 65 meters in height, but only for the last few minutes of their existence. And in certain winds they can be even higher.

10. Mushroom clouds.

Mushroom clouds are clouds of smoke in the shape of a mushroom, formed as a result of the combination of tiny particles of water and earth, or as a result of a powerful explosion.

9. Light pillars.

One of the most common types of halo, a visual phenomenon, an optical effect that represents a vertical strip of light extending from the sun during sunset or sunrise.

8. Diamond dust.

Frozen water droplets scattering the light of the Sun.

7. Fish, frog and other rains.

One of the hypotheses explaining the appearance of such rains is a tornado that sucks out nearby bodies of water and carries their contents over long distances.

6. Virga.

Rain that evaporates before reaching the ground. Observed as a noticeable deposition band emerging from the cloud. IN North America usually seen in the southern United States and Canadian prairies.

5. Bora.

Hurricane winds have many names. Strong (up to 40-60 m/s) cold wind in some coastal areas where low mountain ranges border the warm sea (for example, on the Adriatic coast of Croatia, on the Black Sea coast in the Novorossiysk region). Directed down slopes, usually observed in winter.

4. Fire rainbow.

Occurs when passing sun rays through the high clouds. Unlike an ordinary rainbow, which can be observed almost anywhere globe, the “fire rainbow” is only visible at certain latitudes. In Russia, the visibility zone runs through the extreme south.

3. Green beam.

An extremely rare optical phenomenon, flash green light at the moment the solar disk disappears below the horizon (usually the sea) or appears from behind the horizon.

2. Ball lightning.

A rare natural phenomenon, a unified physical theory of the occurrence and course of which has not been presented to date. There are about 200 theories explaining the phenomenon, but none of them has received absolute recognition in the academic environment. It is widely believed that ball lightning- a phenomenon of electrical origin, natural nature, that is, representing special type lightning, existing for a long time in the form of a ball, capable of moving along an unpredictable trajectory, sometimes very surprising to eyewitnesses.

In South America, in the Amazon River basin, the largest water lily in the world lives - the giant Victoria Amazonis. The diameter of its leaves reaches two...

Changes constantly occur in nature and weather, so... snowing, then it rains, then the sun bakes, then clouds appear. All these are called natural phenomena or natural phenomena. Natural phenomena are changes that occur in nature regardless of human will. Many natural phenomena are associated with the changing seasons (seasons), which is why they are called seasonal. Each season, and we have 4 of them - spring, summer, autumn, winter, has its own natural and weather conditions. Nature is usually divided into living (animals and plants) and non-living. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena overlap, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.

In the spring, after a long winter, the sun warms up more and more, ice begins to drift on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, and the first green grass grows. The days are getting longer and the nights are getting shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the region where they will raise their chicks.

What natural phenomena happen in spring?

Snowmelt. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can trigger the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.

Thawed patches. They appear everywhere snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that indicates that winter has given up its rights and spring has begun. The first greenery quickly breaks through the thawed patches, and on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. The snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and fields it melts quickly, exposing the islands of land to the warm sun.

Frost. It was warm and suddenly it froze - frost appeared on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.

Ice drift. In spring it becomes warmer, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and the ice gradually melts. Moreover, there is more water in reservoirs, it carries ice floes downstream - this is ice drift.

High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill reservoirs, and the water overflows its banks.

Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, and winds are formed. They are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it gets around, the more they move air masses. Such winds are called thermal; they are characteristic of the spring season.

Rain. First Spring rain cold, but not as cold as snow:)

Storm. The first thunderstorm may occur at the end of May. Not so strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. Thunderstorms often occur when displacing and lifting warm air cold fronts.

Hail. This is the fall of ice balls from a cloud. Hail can be anywhere from the size of a tiny pea to chicken egg, then it can even break through the car glass!

These are all examples of inanimate natural phenomena.

Flowering is a spring phenomenon of living nature. The first buds appear on the trees in late April - early May. The grass has already sprouted its green stems, and the trees are preparing to put on their green outfits. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly and the first flowers are about to bloom, exposing their centers to the awakened insects. Summer is coming soon.

In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, and you can swim in the river. The sun warms up well, it can be very hot. In summer the longest day and the most short night per year. Berries and fruits are ripening, the harvest is ripe.

In summer there are natural phenomena such as:

Rain. While in the air, water vapor supercools, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. Low temperature in the air, below zero degrees, leads to the growth of crystals and to the weighting of frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall in the form of raindrops on the surface of the earth. In summer, the rain is usually warm, it helps to water the forests and fields. Summer rain is often accompanied by a thunderstorm. If at the same time it's raining and the sun is shining, they say it's "Mushroom Rain". This kind of rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.

Heat. In summer, the sun's rays hit the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensely. At night, the surface of the earth releases heat into the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it can be hot during the day and even sometimes at night.

Rainbow. Occurs in an atmosphere with high humidity, often after rain or thunderstorms. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon of nature; for the observer it appears in the form of a multi-colored arc. When the sun's rays are refracted in water droplets, optical distortion occurs, which consists of deflection different colors, White color is broken down into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.

Flowering begins in spring and continues throughout the summer.

In the fall you can no longer run outside in a T-shirt and shorts. It gets colder, the leaves turn yellow, fall off, fly away migratory birds, insects disappear from sight.

The following natural phenomena are typical for autumn:

Leaf fall. Going through their year-round cycle, plants and trees shed their leaves in the fall, exposing bark and branches, in preparation for hibernation. Why does a tree get rid of its leaves? So that the fallen snow does not break the branches. Even before the leaves fall, the leaves of the trees dry out, turn yellow or red and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of wildlife.

Fogs. The earth and water still heat up during the day, but in the evening it gets colder and fog appears. At high humidity air, for example, after rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small droplets of water hovering above the ground - this is fog.

Dew. These are droplets of water from the air that fell on the grass and leaves in the morning. During the night, the air cools down, the water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, dew drops freeze, causing it to turn into frost.

Shower. This is heavy, "torrential" rain.

Wind. This is the movement of air currents. In autumn and winter the wind is especially cold.

Just like in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means there is a slight frost outside - frost.

Fog, dew, rain, wind, frost, frost - autumn phenomena inanimate nature.

In winter it snows and it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen. In winter the most long nights and the most short days, it gets dark early. The sun barely warms up.

Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter:

Snowfall is the fall of snow.

Blizzard. This is snowfall with wind. It is dangerous to be outside in a snowstorm; it increases the risk of hypothermia. A strong snowstorm can even knock you off your feet.

Freeze-up is the establishment of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drifts.

Another natural phenomenon - clouds - occurs at any time of the year. Clouds are droplets of water collected in the atmosphere. Water, evaporating on the ground, turns into steam, then, together with warm air currents, rises above the ground. This way water is transported over long distances, ensuring the water cycle in nature.

Unusual natural phenomena

There are also very rare unusual phenomena nature, such as the northern lights, ball lightning, tornadoes and even rain of fish. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, anxiety, because many of them can harm humans.

Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season :)

The materials were prepared for a lesson on the subject The World around us in 2nd grade, the Perspective and School of Russia (Pleshakov) programs, but will be useful to any teacher primary classes, and parents of preschool children and junior schoolchildren in homeschooling.

Subject: General concepts about dangerous and emergency situations of a natural nature.

Lesson topic: Natural phenomena and their classification.

The purpose of the lesson: To introduce students to natural phenomena and their diversity.

Lesson objectives:

I. Educational objectives:

• Recall and consolidate knowledge about the shells of the Earth.
• To develop students’ knowledge that the formation of any natural phenomenon is associated with processes occurring in the Earth’s shells.
• Give general idea, students about the types of natural phenomena at the place of their occurrence.

II. Developmental tasks.

• To develop in students the ability and ability to foresee natural phenomena in their area that can lead to serious consequences, as well as ways to protect against them.

III. Educational tasks.

• To instill in students the belief that any natural phenomenon of destructive force brings enormous damage to the state various types, primarily material and loss of life. Therefore, the state needs to allocate funds to scientific institutions so that they can deal with this problem and be able to predict them in the future.

During the classes

Teacher: Today, children, we will talk about natural phenomena and their diversity. Some you know, of course, some you learned from a course in natural history and geography, and if anyone is interested in the means mass media then from there. If you turn on the TV, radio or use the Internet, you can say with confidence that natural phenomena of destructive force are occurring more and more often, and their strength is becoming greater. Therefore, we need to know what natural phenomena occur, where they most often occur and how to protect ourselves from them.

Teacher: And so let's remember from the geography course what shells of the Earth exist.

In total, there are 4 shells of the Earth:

1. Lithosphere - it includes the earth's crust and top part mantle.
2. The hydrosphere is a shell of water that contains all the water in different states.
3. The atmosphere is a gas shell, the lightest and most mobile.
4. The biosphere is the sphere of life, this is the area of ​​existence of all living organisms.

Teacher: All these shells have their own specific processes, as a result of which natural phenomena arise. Therefore, various natural phenomena can be divided according to the place of their occurrence:

Teacher: From this diagram we see how many natural phenomena there are. Now let's look at each of them and find out what they are. (Children must take an active part in this part.)

Geological.

1. An earthquake is a natural phenomenon associated with geological processes occurring in the Earth’s lithosphere; it manifests itself in the form of tremors and vibrations of the earth’s surface, resulting from sudden displacements and ruptures in the earth’s crust or in the upper part of the mantle.

Picture 1.

2. A volcano is a conical mountain from which hot material – magma – erupts from time to time.

A volcanic eruption is the release of molten matter onto the surface of the planet. earth's crust and the Earth's mantle, which is called magma.

Figure 2.

3. A landslide is a sliding downward displacement of soil masses under the influence of gravity, which occurs on slopes when the stability of the soil or rocks is disrupted.

The formation of landslides depends on various factors, such as:

• what rocks make up this slope;
• slope steepness;
• groundwater, etc.

Landslides can occur as naturally(for example, an earthquake, heavy rainfall), and artificially (for example, human activities: deforestation, soil excavation).

Figure 3.

4. A collapse is a separation and fall large masses rocks, their overturning, crushing and rolling down on steep and steep slopes.

Causes of landslides in mountains can be:

• the rocks that make up the mountains are layered or broken by cracks;
• water activity;
• geological processes (earthquake), etc.

The causes of landslides on the coasts of seas and rivers are the erosion and dissolution of underlying rocks.

Figure 4.

5. A snow avalanche is a collapse of a mass of snow on mountain slopes; the angle of inclination must be at least 15°.

Reasons for the disappearance snow avalanche are:

• earthquake;
• intense snow melting;
• prolonged snowfall;
• human activity.

Figure 5.

Meteorological.

1. A hurricane is a wind whose speed exceeds 30 m/s, leading to enormous destruction.

Figure 6.

2. A storm is wind, but at a lower speed than in a hurricane and is no more than 20 m/s.

Figure 7.

3. Tornado – represents atmospheric vortex, formed in a thundercloud and descending, has the shape of a funnel or sleeve.

A tornado consists of a core and a wall. There is an upward movement of air around the core, the speed of which can reach 200 m/s.

Figure 8.

Hydrological.

1. Flood is a significant inundation of an area as a result of rising water levels in a lake, river, etc.

Causes of flooding:

• intensive melting of snow in spring period;
• heavy rainfall;
• obstruction of river beds with rocks during an earthquake, landslide, etc., as well as with ice during congestion;
• wind activity (water surge from the sea, bay to the mouth of the river).

Types of floods:

Figure 9.

2. Mudflow is a stormy stream in the mountains that is temporary in nature, consisting of water and large quantity rock fragments.

The formation of mudflows is associated with heavy precipitation in the form of rain or intense snow melting. As a result, loose rocks are washed away and move along the river bed with high speed, which picks up everything in its path: boulders, trees, etc.

Figure 10.

3. Tsunamis are a type of sea waves that arise as a result of vertical displacement of large sections of the seabed.

A tsunami occurs as a result of:

• earthquakes;
• underwater volcanic eruptions;
• landslides, etc.

Figure 11.

Biological.

1. A forest fire is an uncontrolled burning of vegetation that spontaneously spreads through a forest area.

A forest fire can be ground fire or crown fire.

An underground fire is the burning of peat in marshy and swampy soils.

Figure 12.

2. An epidemic is the spread of an infectious disease among a large population and significantly exceeds the incidence rate usually recorded in a given area.

Figure 13.

3. Epizootic is a widespread infectious disease among animals (for example: foot and mouth disease, swine fever, cattle brucellosis).

Figure 14.

4. Epiphytoty is a mass distribution infectious disease among plants (for example: late blight, wheat rust).

Figure 15.

Teacher: As you can see, in the world there are a huge number of phenomena that surround us. So let's remember them and be extremely careful when they occur.

Some of you may say: “Why do we need to know all of them if most of them are not typical for our area?” From one point of view you are right, but from another you are wrong. Each of you tomorrow, the day after tomorrow or in the future will probably be going on a trip to other parts of the Motherland and the country. And there, as we know, there may be completely different phenomena that are not typical for our area. And then your knowledge will help you survive in a critical situation and avoid negative consequences. As they say: “God protects those who are careful.”

Literature.

1. Smirnov A.T. Fundamentals of life safety. 7th grade.
2. Shemanaev V.A. Pedagogical practice in the system of training a modern teacher.
3. Smirnov A.T. Program of general education institutions basics of life safety for grades 5-11.

At certain periods of time called seasons of the year. Each such period is characterized by its own meteorological anomalies.

Natural phenomena in spring

During 3 months of this time of year, the climate and living conditions of all fauna and flora change beyond recognition.

With the onset of March, nature is just beginning to come to life and awaken from the winter hibernation period. By this time, the warmth of the sun's rays is still not enough to completely melt the snow, but the air is already noticeably warming up. In March the first ones make themselves known spring phenomena nature (examples: ice drift, thawed areas, south wind). At this time, the clouds rise noticeably and become cumulus.

From the first days of April, the time comes for the most “gray” meteorological anomalies. The names of natural phenomena of this time are known to everyone: fogs, drizzling rains, and less often thunderstorms. By the middle of the month, the snow has completely disappeared, but the rivers can still be dangerous due to strong ice drift. Fortunately, the air temperature is warming up every day, so the consequences winter frosts soon they will stop making themselves known. Also in April, dangerous spring floods and squally winds caused by the connection of the southern flow with the north cannot be ruled out).

As for the fauna, it begins to fully come to life by the first days of May.

Spring phenomena: rain

With warming comes liquid precipitation. Such natural phenomena (see pictures below) are called rain or downpours. This is a continuous stream of water directed vertically from heaven to earth. Clouds gradually accumulate moisture, and when pressure and gravity begin to prevail over them, precipitation falls. Since the air temperature is above 0 degrees, it means that water molecules do not crystallize into snowflakes. On the other hand, in rare cases, hail is possible closer to May.

Rain is one of the 5 natural phenomena of spring that pose a possible danger to the economy and Agriculture. Prolonged precipitation can flood not only streets and private houses, but also fields with seedlings and sprouts, which will subsequently rot, therefore, yields will drop significantly.

Currently, it is customary to distinguish the following types of rain:

• ordinary (precipitation without such bright pronounced signs, like power, duration);
• torrential (short-term rain, characterized by suddenness and force of fall);
• protracted (characterized by a long duration, up to several days, and a decrease in air temperature);
• short-term (characterized by the transience and abrupt end of precipitation);
• snowy (characterized by a decrease in air temperature and partial crystallization of water molecules);
• mushroom (during such rain, the sun's rays continue to reach the ground);
• hail-like (short-term and dangerous rainfall, falling partially in the form of ice).

Spring phenomena: thunderstorm

This meteorological anomaly is a separate species rain not included in the traditional classification. A thunderstorm is a precipitation event that occurs simultaneously with thunder and lightning.

Over the course of several days, clouds accumulate particles of moisture that are picked up by strong winds. Gradually, dark cumulus clouds form from them. During precipitation from high power and strong winds create electrical tension between the surface of the earth and the clouds, during which lightning is formed. This effect is always accompanied strong thunder. Such natural phenomena (you can see the pictures below) most often occur at the end of spring.

For a thunderstorm to occur, the following conditions are necessary: ​​uneven heating of the lowest layers of air, atmospheric convection, or a sharp intensity of cloud formation in mountainous areas.

Spring phenomena: wind

This climatic phenomenon is an air flow that is directed along a horizontal axis. Spring natural phenomena such as wind and storm (in rare cases) are characterized by high speed, impact force, propagation area and noise level.

From a meteorological point of view, this climate anomaly consists of indicators of direction, strength and duration. The strongest air currents with medium gusts are called squalls. Regarding duration, winds are as follows: hurricane, storm, breeze, typhoon, etc.

In some places on Earth, monsoons occur due to frequent temperature changes. Such global winds are characterized by a long duration (up to 3 months). If such air currents are caused by temperature differences relative to latitudes, then they are called trade winds. Their duration can reach up to a year. The border between monsoons and trade winds is called Spring and autumn, it is especially noticeable in countries with temperate climate. In the tropical regions of the planet, it is thanks to the wind that the weather and air temperature change so often.

Spring phenomena: clouds

Towards mid-March, the sky gradually begins to thin out. Now the clouds have clear boundaries. They themselves are a product of condensation of particles of water vapor in the upper layers of the atmosphere.

Clouds form over earth's surface. The main condition for their formation is warm, moist air. It begins to rise to the upper levels where, with a noticeable decrease in temperature, it stops at a certain height. Essentially, clouds are made of water vapor and ice crystals. A large accumulation of them at high concentrations forms cumulus clouds.

All spring natural phenomena have their own forms of uniqueness, called meteorological identifiers in science. At high temperature clouds are filled with droplet elements, and at low temperatures - with crystalline elements. Regarding this criterion, there is a separate classification of the phenomenon. Thus, clouds are divided into rain, thunderstorm, cirrus, stratus, cumulus, pearlescent, etc.

Spring phenomena: melting snow

As air temperatures increase, frozen water crystals begin to gradually turn into water. This process is called snow melting. All frozen people are susceptible to this dissolution if the air temperature rises to 0 degrees. These seasonal phenomena in nature occur only in the spring. Exact time up to a month is set depending on the current climate.

The process of snow melting noticeably accelerates with rainfall. After which small temporary reservoirs are formed. Snow melts most quickly on flat terrain, where there are no wind barriers or shelter from precipitation. In the forest, this process can drag on for a month. In this case, there is a high probability of rising groundwater levels.

Often snow begins to evaporate even in frosty weather. This natural phenomenon is called sublimation. Under the influence sunlight water particles move from solid state into gaseous

Spring phenomena: ice drift

This anomaly is considered the most dangerous of natural phenomena this time of year. This phenomenon is the movement of half-melted ice floes on lakes and rivers under the influence of strong winds or currents. The greatest movement is observed in the middle of the reservoir. Such spring natural phenomena are typical for March, when they can sufficiently warm the air and ground temperatures.

On rivers, ice drift is often accompanied by congestion. In large bodies of water, this phenomenon is determined by the drift of fragments under the influence of wind. The intensity of ice movement, as well as its nature, directly depends on the current climatic conditions, the time of break-up, the structure of the river bed and the hydraulic properties of the water flow.

The duration of this process in spring varies between 3-4 weeks. Here important role landscape and climate play a role.

Spring phenomena: thawed patches

Typically this process begins in early March, but depending on climatic conditions the timing may move to mid-April. A thawed area is a place where there was snow in frosty weather, and with warming, a kind of funnel appeared on it. Such spring natural phenomena are very interesting to study.

First of all, thawed patches form around tree trunks, since heat emanates from the root system of plants, supported by solar synthesis. Next, the process affects fields and swamps. Thawed patches may be different color, depending on what the surface looks like (ground, grass, leaves). A similar situation exists with their form. In the fields, thawed patches are elongated, like beds; in gardens they are round (projection of tree trunks).

This process begins to take effect at an average daily temperature of -5 degrees and above.

Spring phenomena: awakening of flora

The appearance of thawed patches around the trees indicates that active sap flow has begun in the plants. These seasonal phenomena in nature mean only one thing - the awakening of flora after a long winter of passive activity.

You can check this very simply. To do this, just pierce the tree bark with a needle or thin knife. If a clear sweet liquid of a pale reddish color appears at this place, it means that sap flow is in full swing. This indicates that nature is preparing to green up.

Soon buds will appear and bloom on the branches. In the second half of spring, thanks to the wind and insects, the flora will receive pollination. Therefore, a harvest can be expected in the near future.

Spring phenomena in wildlife

As you know, this time of year is marked by the return of birds to warm countries. First of all, this concerns rooks. They are considered the first harbingers of spring. Mass migration of birds occurs towards the end of March, when the night air temperature rises to +10 degrees.

Also, one of the indicative processes in wildlife that characterize the onset of spring is the molting of animals and the awakening of wild animals from hibernation. Coat change occurs in March, although some representatives of the fauna may have it in the fall.

It is very important to know all these spring natural phenomena. It’s not for nothing that natural history is included in the main program school subjects. Knowing the fundamental processes of climate and nature is the duty of every person on the planet.

Despite the fact that people have long described and found a rational explanation for why certain things happen natural processes and phenomena, the most unusual and rare of them, still surprise, delight and amaze, in particular fire-breathing mountains spewing lava, sweeping away everything in its path; breathtaking whirlwinds rushing at great speed and lifting stones, logs, cars and even entire houses into the sky; incredible fountains of boiling water rising tens of meters into the air from the depths of our planet.

What is a natural phenomenon

Natural phenomena are ordinary, and in some cases supernatural, meteorological and climatic processes as a result of which nature naturally changes. At the same time, they can be quite harmless and cause absolutely no surprise in people and are perceived as something taken for granted, for example, when it snows or rains, or they can represent real natural disasters, spreading death and destruction around them.

Classification of natural phenomena

Unusual manifestations natural world scientists began to study since ancient times, and in Lately, when science began to move forward by leaps and bounds, its secrets gradually began to be revealed more and more quickly, for example, already in the 17th century. Gilbert proved that our planet is a huge magnet with poles, and a century later Franklin discovered atmospheric electricity.

Since there are a great many natural phenomena on our planet, quite little is still known about them. Therefore, it is not surprising that scientists have described, systematized and classified them. Thanks to this, it became possible not only to study the types of natural processes by category, but also to predict and even prevent the possible occurrence of dangerous natural phenomena, but the amazing manifestations of the natural world are so unpredictable that it is not always possible to do this even with the latest equipment.

The following classification is rather arbitrary, since the same phenomenon of the natural world quite often corresponds to several points at once. Thus, natural phenomena are distinguished:

By the nature of the impact– some types of natural processes or phenomena can have several characteristics at once, for example, a strong flood can be destructive in a city, paralyze traffic on the roads and deplete the soil, making it unsuitable for a good harvest.

• Natural disasters of a destructive nature - hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, even the invasion of insect pests (locusts);
• Paralyzing natural phenomena completely or partially for a long time traffic is stopped (snowfall, ice, fog);
• Phenomena with a depleting effect, due to which the yield decreases, soil fertility decreases, The groundwater and the supply of other natural resources decreases;

By origin:

• Natural phenomena that cause man-made accidents - lightning, ice, biochemical corrosion.
• Climatic - these types are the most common. Examples of these include a typhoon, blizzard or rain;
• Geological and geomorphological are such natural natural phenomena as a tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption;
• Biogeochemical - hazardous natural phenomena of this type are mainly emissions of harmful gases from lakes, swamps and other bodies of water;
• Biological - their appearance is often caused by objects of living nature: increased reproduction of agricultural pests, as well as blood-sucking insects, predatory and poisonous animals, epidemics, diseases of plants and livestock.
• Space - first of all, excessive activity of the sun is dangerous for our world; space weather also affects our world. For example, flares and emissions of charged solar particles and their interaction with the atmosphere and magnetic fields our planet often lead to emergency situations.

By duration:

• Instantaneous - do not last long (within a few seconds or minutes) and are the most dangerous (for example, earthquakes);
• Short-term natural phenomena last from several hours to several days (squall, flood, rain, heat and, interestingly, the full moon);
• Long-term (their period of action is longer and often lasts months, and in some cases years) - this type of phenomena includes natural processes that last months and even years (for example, volcanic eruptions, the occurrence of ozone holes, drying out of reservoirs);
• Centuries-old - last for several decades and can last for centuries (global warming).

By frequency of action:

• Daily - for example, sunset and sunrise;
• Seasonal - leaves fall in autumn, buds appear on trees and bushes in spring.

By scale of distribution:

• Global
• Local
• Regional

The influence of nature on humans

Scientists have long noticed that nature actively influences not only the life of our planet, but also the health and well-being of a person and even his life expectancy. An important role in this case is given to such factors as the quality of water, land, air purity, and climatic conditions.

For example, if people live in an area that is unfavorable for living (temperatures are too cold in winter and high in summer, high humidity, extremely strong winds), That to the human body it will be difficult to withstand, it will quickly fail and become unusable.

A person absolutely does not notice the influence of such natural conditions on his body, but pays attention only to the most unusual (for example, rainbows, northern lights, pillars of light), mysterious (for a long time now people have been haunted by the mystery Bermuda Triangle) or hazardous natural phenomena that can lead to serious man-made accidents or human death.

site about the most interesting phenomena

On our website you will find information about the most unusual and amazing phenomena nature and their influence on the world. For example, you might be interested to know that a rainbow can be not only sunny, but also lunar, foggy, fiery, or inverted. You will also find out why people see mirages, aurora or halos.

Here you will read about dangerous natural phenomena that amaze with their beauty and power - tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, earthquakes and other manifestations of the natural world.