The use of meat and bone meal in animal husbandry. Characteristics of meat and bone meal. Pet Food Supplement: Composition and Application

Meat bone flour- this is a product obtained from the waste of the meat processing industry and the carcasses of dead animals (except those who died from infectious diseases).

The production of meat and bone meal includes several stages: boiling raw materials, crushing, sifting through a sieve and removing metal impurities using magnetic separators, treatment with antioxidants to prevent spoilage of fat. The finished product is a powder Brown, with a smell without mustiness or putrefaction, homogeneous composition without lumps and large (more than 12 mm) granules.

The composition of meat and bone meal: protein - 30-50%, fats - 13-20%, ash - 26-38%, water - no more than 7%, adenosine triphosphate and glutamic acids, carnitine, bile acids, seratonin, thyroxine, etc. Meat and bone meal differs from meat by a high content of calcium. This is due to the fact that meat and bone meal is made from raw materials, which include more bones. However, this product is a valuable high-protein feed additive. Feed meat and bone meal is characterized by a high content of essential amino acids. It is a good source of calcium, phosphorus and sodium.

The use of meat and bone meal. It is used as a vitamin and mineral supplement when feeding large and small cattle as well as pigs and poultry. This is very valuable product containing a lot of protein. The use of meat and bone meal enriches the diets of animals with biologically necessary active substances, allows you to reduce the cost of the process of growing farm animals and improve the quality of the final product. When feeding livestock and poultry, meat and bone meal is added to the mash or concentrated feed, while the heat treatment of the feed after adding the flour is not allowed. Approximate optimal norms inclusion of meat and bone meal for chickens - 7% of total cereals, for pigs - 5-15% of total mass feed, for large and small cattle - 10-100 g per head per day. In small quantities - 5-10% of the total amount of feed - this product is given to ducks, geese, rabbits, guinea fowl, turkeys, etc.

Storage. Feed flour animal origin - meat, bone, meat and bone - contains a large number of protein and fat and therefore requires proper storage. Basic rules - store in a dry, ventilated area without direct contact with sun rays and do not allow the air temperature to rise above +30 degrees. Spoiled or expired flour will not only be useless, but can be harmful to the health of animals and birds.

* - average data for the Central Federal District are given.

In order to provide chickens with a complete diet and improve their productivity, in addition to the usual compound feed, owners often put special additives in the birds' food. One of these useful substances is meat and bone meal. Let's take a closer look at its composition, methods of application and storage conditions.

Product description

This additive is made from the meat of fallen animals and production waste, unsuitable for human consumption. During processing, all raw materials for this feed are subjected to heat treatment, which confirms its safety for birds and animals. Such an additive will be a source of valuable protein, phosphorus and calcium for young chickens.

Important! When choosing flour, it is necessary to pay attention to its quality and price, since soybeans have been added to it to reduce the cost of production. And this component will not only not improve the diet of the bird, but will also lead to a protein deficiency, due to which the birds can get sick, resort to cannibalism and pecking of eggs.

There are three types of meat and bone meal, which differ in their composition:

• first class - this flour has less fat and ash, but more protein;
• second class - the powder has a sufficient amount of protein, but consists of more fat and ash;
• third class - the product has a low protein content compared to other types, but has more ash and fat in its composition.

It is best to choose a first-class supplement, as it has less fat.

By smell

The smell of the mixture is specific. But if you feel a musty, putrid smell of spoiled meat, you should not take such a mixture.

by color

The color of a quality additive is light brown or brown.

Important! If the powder yellow- chicken feathers were used in the production of the product. Such flour cannot be added to the diet of birds - chickens will get sick and carry fewer eggs.

The greenish color of the powder indicates the addition of soy to the product.

By structure

The structure of the powder is crumbly, it consists of individual granules. Particles of the additive should not collapse if pressed on them. The size of the granules is up to 12.7 mm. There are no large particles in a quality mixture.

Compound

• choline;
• organic acids, glutamic and ATP;
• B vitamins;
• thyroxine;
• a nicotinic acid;
• carnitine;
• riboflavin;
• bile acid;
• sodium;
• calcium;
• phosphorus.

Did you know? Meat and bone meal in Europe is used as an eco-fuel for energy generation and waste incineration.

A quality first class product contains:

• 30 to 50% protein;
• up to 20% of bone and muscle fragments;
• up to 30% ash fragments.

Rules for the use of flour

This tool is added to the finished feed or self-made mash. It allows you to make bird food varied and much cheaper than before. In the total amount of food, meat and bone meal should take no more than 6%. Thus, an adult chicken receives from 7 to 11 grams of the supplement per day.

Important! Exceeding the dosage of the product can lead to amyloidosis and gout in chickens.

For feeding broiler chickens use the following system:

• from 1 to 5 days of life - the product is not given to chickens;
• 6-10 days - they begin to give 0.5-1 g per chicken per day;
• 11-20 days - 1.5-2 g each;
• 21-30 days - 2.5-3 g each;
• 31-63 days - 4-5 g each.

Storage

Due to the high content of proteins and fat in meat and bone meal, special attention must be paid to its storage.

Meat and bone meal - natural product, includes many useful elements, minerals and vitamins. Used in agriculture as fertilizer for the soil and feed for livestock and poultry. Meat and bone meal is purchased in bulk; thanks to a wide range of applications.

The product is made from bones and rejected meat, which are thermally processed, dried and ground into flour.

The use of meat and bone meal

Meat and bone meal is rich in protein, therefore it is useful for pigs and poultry. The product is also suitable for pets: dogs and cats. The nutrients in meat and bone meal are easily digestible.

The addition of meat and bone meal to feed contributes to:

Improving the nutritional properties of feed;
- feed savings;
- normalization of the metabolic function of the organism of animals;
- growth activation;
- increase immunity;
- increasing the productivity of poultry.

Meat and bone meal is used to fertilize the soil. The product is safe, environmentally friendly and effective for the growth of cultivated plants.

The benefits of meat and bone meal

The use of meat and bone meal is necessary for:

Harmonious development and growth of young livestock;
- stabilization and strengthening of the musculoskeletal system of old and weak animals;
- provision of vitamins and minerals to the body of bitches during the feeding of puppies;
- during the rehabilitation of the animal after childbirth or lactation.

Meat and bone meal should be added to pet food gradually. It is recommended to mix flour with liquid food, porridge or soups, for better digestibility of the product.

The amount of flour used depends on the weight of the animal, but the amount does not exceed 100 gr. in a day.

How to choose meat and bone meal

Meat and bone meal looks like a powder from light brown to dark brown. The smell of the product is specific. When choosing flour, pay attention to the color, it should be brown. A yellowish tint indicates poor product quality. The yellowness of the flour is given by the use of a chicken feather. When such a product is consumed by poultry, egg production decreases and cannibalism may develop.

The quality of meat and bone meal depends on the amount of fat it contains. The product with the lowest fat content is considered the best.

When choosing meat and bone meal, you should pay attention to:
- the smell of the product is specific, but should not be rotten or musty;
- The flour should be smooth, not lumpy. Does not contain particles larger than 12 mm.

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Mineral and vitamin supplements are an integral part of the diet of chickens and chickens. It is not necessary to buy expensive mixtures, you can independently replenish the body of poultry with calcium using meat and bone meal. Benefits, dosage and supplement feeding schedule are what the farmer needs to know.

Meat and bone meal is one of the main types of vitamin and mineral supplements in the diet of domestic chickens. Although it is preferred to be classified as a feed with a high protein content. It is a brown powder of a light or dark shade.

Bone meal for chickens is made from meat products that are not suitable for human consumption. Carcasses of animals are sent for processing, the cause of death of which was not an infection, industrial waste and etc.

The inclusion of this product in the diet not only increases egg production, but also allows you to save some money on feed.

The composition of flour depends on the class under which it is produced.

By-products are allowed as ingredients: glands, stomachs, brains, lungs, etc. The exact composition is indicated on the packaging. When fattening chickens, preference is given to products with a high protein content.

Supplement feeding rules

Flour is poured into concentrated feed and mixers. Many novice farmers ask about how to give meat and bone meal to chickens and chickens. And add it to the diet from the fifth day of life for 3-5% of total weight stern.

Do not exceed the indicated dosages. Excess nutrients, which are contained in the supplement, leads to uric acid diathesis and amyloidosis (violation of protein metabolism).

After the addition of bone meal, the feed is not subjected to heating, since the properties of the food additive worsen from this, the nutritional value decreases.

How to choose

Meat and bone meal has a specific smell. If the smell gives off rottenness, mustiness, then we are talking about a defective product. The product is free-flowing, lumps are destroyed when pressed. Their diameter is not more than 12.7 mm.

A yellowish tint indicates low quality bioadditives and the use of chicken feathers. Eating such raw materials causes cannibalism and affects egg production.

Storage

Flour requires proper storage. Product bags are kept in a well ventilated and dry area. Do not allow water or sunlight on the bag. This affects the taste and properties. The recommended temperature is up to +30 °C, not higher. A hot environment promotes the release of toxic substances.

The premix does not replace the main diet, but only supplements it. From such feeds, chickens do not increase productivity above the norm and do not develop faster than expected: these additives simply saturate the body with substances for health and development.

How to give meat and bone meal to chickens

The nutrition of chicks depends on their age. When compiling a diet, experienced poultry farmers take this criterion as the main one.

Scientists have proven that the earlier the chicken starts to eat, the faster the digestive system is formed. If, after a few hours from the moment of birth, the baby does not touch food, there is a lack of nutrients, which leads to underdevelopment.

per diem

The diet of babies is somewhat different from the nutrition of adult chickens.

• Chickens at this age are sprinkled with corn grits, which are small in size and suitable for chicks even at a very early age.
• Poultry farmers have not yet come to a consensus on whether to give the yolk of a hard-boiled egg. Opponents claim that the product contains a lot of lipids and has a bad effect on the formation of the walls of the stomach. It also causes digestion problems, especially when combined with roughage.

Day-old chicks are given the following foods:

• semolina;
• Wheat groats;
• millet;
• cells;
• oatmeal, pre-ground.

Feeding is carried out after two hours, little by little. Only one type of cereal is poured, because in the mixtures the birds peck out exactly the cereal that they liked more than others.

Porridge is not steamed, only dry food is given.

• Chickens at the age of 2-3 days are fed with cottage cheese combined with cereals.
• The water in the drinker is sometimes replaced fermented milk products: kefir, whey, curdled milk.
• From the third day, greenery is shown: plantain, biting biting, stable, etc.
• From 4–5 days old, broilers are given combined feeds with nutrients that ensure growth and weight gain.

Weekly

Chicks of this age are shown a mixture of cereals, they take the same amount of corn, barley, oat, wheat. Add to feed green grass, milk products. There are 4-5 meals per day.

Period

At this age, it is worth including more "coarse" food in the diet.

• The bird at this age is sent for walking, and the basis of chicken change is greens.
• Laying hens are given coarse grain, upon reaching 45 days - whole grains, bone meal, food waste.
• An additional feeder is filled with mineral additives: crushed shells of mollusks, sand, fine gravel.

Proper feeding begins from the first days of a bird's life. The optimal feeding methods that farmers use are two-stage and three-stage.

Two stage feeding

The starting mixture is fed to chicks up to the age of 1 month. Then, gradually, the final compound feed is introduced into the diet, which is designed to increase the muscle mass of the body.

Three-stage feeding

First, a pre-start mixture is given, which strengthens the immune system, causes growth activation. The feeding period is up to 21 days of life. Then apply a two-stage feeding regimen.

Components

In compound feed for broilers, it is used in without fail such products:

• corn, wheat;
• meal, alternative - cake;
• bone meal (if unavailable - fish meal);
• salt.

Mineral Supplements

All doses are adjusted depending on the main diet. If meat and bone meal is fed, then the dosage in chickens of meat breeds is reduced by 50%.

Ready mineral supplements

Accurately measured amount of beneficial mineral supplements found in finished products. Good mineral supplements include:

• vitamins of group B (B1-B6, B12), A, D3, E, K, H;
• trace elements: iodine, iron, zinc, cobalt, selenium;
• amino acids: methionine, lysine.

Some manufacturers give calcium and phosphorus to the composition. However, experienced farmers prefer to add these products separately in the form of chalk, bone meal.

For industrial production Provimi, Tekhkorm, Rovimiks and others produce premixes. For farms relevant:

• "Rural courtyard";
• "Ryabushka";
• "Agrovit";
• "Economy".

On sale are premixes for age categories and bird species.

Premixes for laying hens are not intended for feeding to broilers, the same is the other way around. Before including the premix in the diet, carefully study the norms indicated on the package.

Yeast for broilers

Another additive that is used for feeding is yeast. They are microscopic fungi. The body of chickens needs special yeast - fodder. They help improve:

• egg production;
• body weight;
• appetite;
• fertility of eggs;
• disease resistance.

Feed yeast contains many nutrients:

• vitamins A, D, E, group B;
• essential fatty acids: linolenic, oleic, arachidonic.

How to give

The proportion of yeast in the diet of chickens is 5–10% of the feed mass, or 30 g per 1 kg of individual weight. According to technology, the feed is yeasted.

• To do this, add the powder to the feed in the evening and mix well;
• Leave for 8–10 hours, stir 2–3 times during this period to achieve a uniform consistency and distribution of microorganisms;
• In the morning the mixture is fed.

Harm

In addition to benefits, yeast sometimes brings harm.

• Chickens develop diarrhea;
• Stagnation of fluid with subsequent inflammation of the cloaca;
• Cannibalism;
• Joint diseases due to impaired metabolism.

If such symptoms occur, the dosage is halved or completely canceled.

But you can prevent unwanted reactions from the body of pets. To do this, buy only quality product. Feed yeast grown on bard is highly valued, since it does not produce side effects. The dosages prescribed by the manufacturer must not be violated, as this is fraught with dangerous diseases in feathered ones.

Feed for laying hens

For hens of egg breeds, the feed contains the following components:

• cereals;
• roots;
• legumes;
• fodder flour;
• needles, herbal flour;
• meal;
• animal feed;
• mineral supplements.

Finished

For chickens, ready-made combined feeds are produced. Their manufacturers:

• "Minvodsky feed mill";
• LLC "Rostok";
• IP Best:
• Purina and others.

How to cook compound feed with your own hands

Although compound feed is commercially available, farmers have a recipe for cooking at home.

For broilers

If a broiler is being fed, prepare the mixture according to this recipe.

To ensure a sufficient energy level, the mixture includes from 40% of cereals, at least two types.

Attention! Broilers are not fattened for more than three months, since by this time they have already reached their maximum weight. Their further maintenance is unprofitable.

For laying hens

For laying hens, feed is prepared according to the following recipe:

• cereals: corn - 500 g, wheat - 150 g, barley - 100 g, peas - 30 g;
• other herbal ingredients: sunflower meal - 100 g, herbal flour - 50 g;
• animal products: meat and bone meal - 80 g; fishmeal - 60 g;
• additives: yeast - 40-50 g, vitamins - 10-15 g, salt - 3 g.

Correctly compiling a diet for broilers and laying hens is easy. A huge number of products on sale ensure the health of the chickens, and the farmer - profit.

Natural natural feeds often do not have complete set necessary substances, so feed additives for cattle help to solve this problem. With their help, the efficiency of nutrition increases, the metabolic processes of the animal organism are activated, growth is stimulated, milk yield increases, and the quality of milk improves. For the formation of bone and muscle tissue, to maintain the energy of the cattle population, it is necessary to enrich the feed with vital vitamins and minerals. Such a diet will strengthen the health of calves and adult cows during lactation and dry period.

Purpose and popular mixture recipes

So that the calf develops normally and does not get sick, and livestock farms receive more cow's milk and meat High Quality, supplements with minerals are used in feeding. A sufficient amount of minerals for the growth of the skeleton, muscles is a necessary prerequisite for the high productivity of animals.

Minerals are introduced into the diet of animals, enriching feed mixtures for meat and dairy breeds of cows. Mineral supplements are used when feeding young and adult livestock. Depending on the purpose, the feed is prepared according to specific instructions. According to one method, the prepared compound feed is poured hot water, and the resulting mass is compressed. Granules are made from it, which are dried and cooled. Another way is that the dry feed mixture is poured with molasses, fish oil.

Properly prepared feed mixtures are prepared using 70% of the feed base, which is wheat bran, ground corn, barley, grass meal, bread, silage. In addition, 30% of minerals and vitamins (meal, cake, molasses, fish oil and 0.5% salt) must be included in the popular feed.

Calves with early age it is recommended to give grain mixtures filled with molasses, as well as oatmeal jelly based on high-quality Hercules. The amount of this food gradually increases from 200 g in the first days to 2.5 kg after a month and a half.

Combined feed for young animals consists of the following components: 34% corn, 37% barley, 17% meal, 6% eprin, 4% molasses, 2% chalk, salt, and other mineral additives.

Benefits of Vitamin and Mineral Concentrate

The growth, development, productivity of farm animals largely depends on good nutrition, which must necessarily include important micro and macro elements, vitamins. Premixes, which include pulp, vitamins, biovit, fishmeal, vegetable oil, glycerin, enzymes, flavoring additives, are widely used.

Fish oil, molasses and pulp contain a large amount of minerals. If you give cows, bulls, calves products of this group, you can get the following benefits:

• increase in weight gain, intensification of growth;
• improving the absorption of feed, increasing the appetite of animals;
• strengthening immunity;
• reducing the consumption of feed mixtures.

In addition, a complex of minerals containing biovit will help prevent the development of diarrhea, reduce the likelihood of infectious infections in cattle.

The main types of mineral dressings

For full growth, productivity of farm animals, prevention of diseases associated with mineral deficiency, it is necessary to introduce purified salt, mineral supplements in the form of fish oil, chalk, pulp, molasses and glycerin into the diet.

The main types of minerals that are used in feed include bone meal, calcium, phosphorus supplements. Increasing the productivity of cows is the main task of meat and bone meal for cattle. That is why it is necessary to enrich their diet with such supplements of animal origin. In addition, livestock should receive grass flour and coniferous branches.

The value of table salt

For humans and animals, the most important chemical components that ensure their vital activity are sodium and potassium chloride, which are part of table salt. Sodium is the main ion of internal body fluids, is the basis of physiological solutions.

The question of why, when feeding, cows should add salt to the feed mixtures, give a special lick in the form of a stone or bar, which should be in the feeder all the time, has several answers.

Firstly, sodium and potassium are required by the body to maintain chemical balance, form muscle and nerve tissues, and strengthen the heart muscle. Secondly, disintegrating inside the stomach, salt provides components for gastric juice. It also maintains homeostasis.

Thus, salt for a cow is a vital element. It is needed for milk production, increasing the appetite of livestock and weight gain, so bulls and cows are given salt 50-100 g per day.

Molasses is an important component in the diet of cows

Molasses is a by-product of beet sugar production. Its other name is molasses. By adding molasses to the compound feed for cattle, livestock farms achieve an increase in milk yield, improve the protein structure of milk, palatability fodder. In addition, activity is stimulated beneficial bacteria in the scar of a multi-chamber stomach, digestion improves. Molasses is especially useful in diets rich in grass silos.

If sugar-rich components, such as beet pulp, are added to the feed, the intake of this substance per animal should be reduced to 1.5 kg per day. When feeding dry cows with straw, it is important to enrich the daily diet with molasses, bagasse. Such a menu will become more attractive for the entire livestock population due to the increase in its palatability. When preparing feeds, it is important to follow the instructions for use, strictly observing dosages and mixing recipes.

The role of glycerin in nutrition

The synthesis of glucose, the activation of metabolic processes, the high energy level of bulls, cows and calves provides glycerol inside their body. This substance purifies the blood, reducing the concentration fatty acids, supports the normal functioning of the liver, prevents the development of diseases.

Glycerin normalizes the metabolic processes of glycogen, being quickly and easily absorbed digestive system animals.

The addition of glycerin to the combined feed normalizes hormonal background cows after calving. It is important to observe its norm, which is about 200 g per day. Such a diet within 100 days after the birth of a calf restores the reproductive function of an adult. Nutrition of this type has a positive effect on the fat content and quality of milk, increases milk yield, and normalizes blood glucose levels.

Thus, maintaining the health of cattle and its productivity directly depends on good nutrition, which should contain proteins, fiber, potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus, and carotene. Besides, great importance has the addition of vitamin complexes.

The value of vitamin complexes

Deficiency of useful elements in feed leads to beriberi, which can have an incurable painful character, lead to dangerous consequences. Therefore, the modern veterinary market offers special vitamin complexes. Great distribution got different kinds the drug "Biovit".

A lack of vitamins in calves leads to growth retardation, pathological changes in the structure of the body. For pregnant cows, avitaminosis is a particular danger. "Biovit" is a popular food supplement in the dry period, with its help, diarrhea is prevented, the growth of animals is accelerated.

When feeding calves, the addition of "Biovit" to the diet from the age of three weeks strengthens the immune system, muscles, ligaments, increases the resistance of young animals to various infections.

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