Description of the pale grebe. Pale toadstool, poisonous mushroom, what it looks like, harm and benefits. Characteristic signs of the fruiting body of the mushroom Pale toadstool.

When collecting mushrooms, every lover of “silent hunting” must know poisonous mushrooms. The most dangerous representative one of them is the toadstool mushroom.

Pallid grebe description

The young grebe has a body that is shaped like an egg. Growing up, the mushroom becomes the owner of both a stem and a cap covered with a film.

The color of the cap of the pale toadstool can be light gray or olive, light green. It is flat, the edges are smooth, and the surface is fibrous. The diameter of the cap can be from 5 to 15 cm.

If such a mushroom is cut, the damaged areas do not change color and remain white. The smell and taste of toadstool is very weak.

The color of the stem, usually the same as the color of the cap, is simply white, and its shape is like a cylinder, thicker at the base. The length of the leg reaches 16 cm, and the maximum width is 2.5 cm.

The toadstool has white plates. They are quite soft and loose. A young mushroom has a large ring with fringe and stripes, but gradually, with age, it usually disappears.

This mushroom is equipped with a Volvo. She's very noticeable white, lobed. Its width is about 5 cm, and part of it is immersed in the ground. There is no coverlet on the cap, but there are fragments of dense films.

Changing appearance as you get older

If a young pale grebe has a very light color, almost white, then over time it changes to a gray tint.

The older poisonous mushroom becomes, the stronger it becomes, its unpleasant, sweet smell is expressed.

Mushrooms similar to toadstool

When collecting edible mushrooms, you need to carefully consider each of them. The poisonous toadstool is very similar to some russula, champignons, brilliant greens, and floats.

You need to pay attention to the presence of a Volvo and a ring with a plate. At the same time, good mushrooms there is none of this. Russula, on the other hand, has great fragility, which the toadstool does not have.

Where does it grow

The pale grebe likes to settle on fertile soils nearby deciduous trees: near oak, beech and hazel trees. It can grow either in a single copy or in small families.

In the forests, such a representative poisonous family occurs very often. It can be seen in the temperate European zone, northern America and Asia.

The season of such a poisonous mushroom begins at the end of summer and lasts until late autumn.

Toadstool poisoning

If you eat toadstool, severe poisoning of the body occurs. No heat treatment reduces or eliminates toxins. If such a mushroom is eaten by a child, the poisoning ends in death.

The danger of poisoning is that all the symptoms do not begin to appear immediately, but after a long time (on average about 12 hours), when the destructive effect of the poisons has already had Negative influence onto the body and into the blood. The first signs are diarrhea and vomiting, very frequent and violent. Dry mouth that cannot be relieved, and drinking water causes new vomiting. Abdominal pain and intestinal colic.

If these symptoms appear, you should call ambulance, clear your stomach by drinking a few liters of water and induce vomiting. After that, have a drink Activated carbon at the rate of 1 gram per 1 kilogram of weight.

Pale grebe photo

Few people know that the toadstool mushroom (Amanita phalloides) is a fly agaric in the full sense of the word. Even its second name - green fly agaric - speaks for itself.

In this article we will tell you what to do if you are poisoned by toadstool, where this mushroom grows and what it looks like.

The description of the pale toadstool is very similar to the greenish russula and even champignon.

The cap of one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world (diameter 6-16 cm): light olive, can be intensely green, gray, yellowish or almost white, covered with a thin film.

Changes size and shape depending on the age of the mushroom.

Pay attention to the photo of the pale toadstool: its cap in shape and size resembles a small chicken egg:

With time top part grows and changes from hemispherical to almost flat with smooth edges.

Leg (height 9-17 cm): cylindrical, tapering from bottom to top. The color is usually the same as the cap.

The plates are frequent, soft, white. The pulp does not emit any odor and does not change white color at the cut site.

Where and when does the toadstool grow?

Pale grebe grows from late July to mid-October in temperate zone Eurasian continent and North America. Less common in Asia.

This mushroom prefers saturated aluminous soils of forests of all types, but most of all it loves oaks and hazels.

Pale toadstool poison and signs of poisoning

The venom of the toadstool poisons human body very cunning. Symptoms of poisoning may not appear for a day or more. In fact, already at this time the toxin is slowly acting. And even heat treatment of the toadstool does not reduce its poisonous properties.

Remember that even 1/3 of an adult mushroom can cause severe poisoning, which very quickly leads to death. The main signs of toadstool poisoning are nausea, vomiting, liver damage (jaundice), muscle pain and bloody diarrhea. If you have even the slightest signs of toadstool poisoning, consult a doctor immediately. And if you doubt the edibility of a mushroom, do not eat it!

This mushroom can easily be confused with edible forest products, therefore, when going to “ mushroom hunting", you should be careful. Pale toadstool is similar to mushrooms of any kind, green (Russula aeruginea) and greenish russula (Russula virescens). It can also be confused with different floats (Amanita).

If you compare a photo of what a toadstool looks like and a photo of champignons, you will notice that the latter do not have a mushroom volva (the protective shell between the edge of the cap and the stem). In addition, champignons usually have colored plates rather than white. Russula is characterized by the absence of volva and severe fragility. In addition, greenish russula is smaller in size and does not have a mushroom ring.

Uses of toadstool

Eating: The mushroom is very poisonous and is not used in cooking.

Application in folk medicine(data not confirmed and not passed clinical trials!): Toadstool is used in very small doses in homeopathy.

What is most important for a mushroom picker who goes into the forest to “ quiet hunt"? No, not a basket at all (although you will also need that), but knowledge, especially regarding which mushrooms are poisonous and which ones can be safely put in the basket. Without them, an outing for a forest delicacy can smoothly turn into an urgent trip to the hospital. In some cases it will turn into the last walk of your life. To avoid disastrous consequences, we bring to your attention brief information about dangerous mushrooms that should never be cut off. Take a closer look at the photos and forever remember how they look. So let's begin.

Among poisonous mushrooms, the first place in toxicity and frequency of fatal poisoning is occupied by toadstool. Its venom is stable before heat treatment, and also has delayed symptoms. After tasting the mushrooms, you can feel quite good for the first day. healthy person, but this effect is deceptive. While precious time is running out to save a life, toxins are already doing their dirty work, destroying the liver and kidneys. From the second day, symptoms of poisoning manifest themselves as headache and muscle pain, vomiting, but time is lost. In most cases, death occurs.

Even just for a moment touching the edible mushrooms in the basket, the poison of the toadstool is instantly absorbed into their caps and legs and turns the harmless gifts of nature into a deadly weapon.

The toadstool grows in deciduous forests And appearance(when young) slightly resembles champignons or greenfinches, depending on the color of the cap. The cap can be flat with a slight convexity or egg-shaped, with smooth edges and ingrown fibers. The color varies from white to greenish-olive, the plates under the cap are also white. The elongated leg at the base expands and is “shackled” in the remains of a film-bag, which hid a young mushroom underneath, and has a white ring on top.

In a toadstool, when broken, the white flesh does not darken and retains its color.

Such different fly agarics

About dangerous properties Even children know fly agaric. In all fairy tales it is described as a deadly ingredient in the preparation of a poisonous potion. It’s so simple: the red-headed mushroom with white spots, as everyone saw it in illustrations in books, is not at all a single specimen. Besides it, there are other varieties of fly agaric that differ from each other. Some of them are very edible. For example, Caesar mushroom, ovoid and blushing fly agaric. Of course, most species are still inedible. And some are life-threatening and it is strictly prohibited to include them in the diet.

The name “fly agaric” is made up of two words: “flies” and “pestilence”, that is, death. And without explanation, it is clear that the mushroom kills flies, namely its juice, which is released from the cap after sprinkling it with sugar.

Deadly poisonous fly agaric species that pose the greatest danger to humans include:

Small but deadly ragged mushroom

The poisonous mushroom got its name from its peculiar structure: often its cap, the surface of which is covered with silky fibers, is also decorated with longitudinal cracks, and the edges are torn. In the literature, the mushroom is better known as fiber and has a modest size. The height of the leg is slightly more than 1 cm, and the diameter of the hat with a protruding tubercle in the center is a maximum of 8 cm, but this does not prevent it from remaining one of the most dangerous.

The concentration of muscarine in the pulp of the fiber exceeds the red fly agaric, and the effect is noticeable within half an hour, and within 24 hours all symptoms of poisoning with this toxin disappear.

Beautiful, but “crappy mushroom”

This is exactly the case when the title matches the content. It’s not for nothing that the false valu mushroom or horseradish mushroom is called such an indecent word by the people - not only is it poisonous, but also the flesh is bitter, and the smell it emits is simply disgusting and not at all mushroom-like. But thanks to its “aroma”, it will no longer be possible to gain the trust of a mushroom picker under the guise of russula, which valui is very similar to.

The scientific name of the mushroom is “hebeloma adhesive.”

False tree grows everywhere, but most often it can be seen at the end of summer on the light edges of coniferous and deciduous forests, under an oak, birch or aspen. The cap of a young mushroom is creamy-white, convex, with the edges turned down. With age, its center bends inward and darkens to a yellow-brown color, while the edges remain light. The skin on the cap is nice and smooth, but sticky. The bottom of the cap consists of adherent plates, gray-white in young valuei, and dirty yellow in old specimens. The dense, bitter pulp also has a corresponding color. The leg of the false valuu is quite high, about 9 cm. It is wide at the base, tapers further upward, and is covered with a white coating similar to flour.

A characteristic feature of the “horseradish mushroom” is the presence of black inclusions on the plates.

The poisonous twin of summer honey mushrooms: sulfur-yellow honey fungus

Everyone knows that they grow on stumps in friendly flocks, but among them there is a “relative” that looks practically no different from tasty mushrooms, but causes severe poisoning. This is a false sulfur-yellow honey fungus. Poisonous doubles They live in groups on the remains of tree species almost everywhere, both in forests and in clearings between fields.

The mushrooms have small caps (maximum 7 cm in diameter) of gray-yellow color, with a darker, reddish center. The pulp is light, bitter and smells bad. The plates under the cap are tightly attached to the stem; in the old mushroom they are dark. The light leg is long, up to 10 cm, and smooth, consisting of fibers.

You can distinguish between “good” and “bad honey fungus” by the following characteristics:

• at edible mushroom there are scales on the cap and stem, but the false honey fungus does not have them;
• The “good” mushroom is dressed in a skirt on a leg, the “bad” one does not have one.

Satanic mushroom disguised as boletus

The massive leg and dense pulp of the satanic mushroom make it look like, but eating such a beauty is fraught with severe poisoning. Satanic bolete, as this species is also called, tastes quite good: there is no smell, no bitterness characteristic of poisonous mushrooms.

Some scientists even classify bolet as a conditionally edible mushroom if it is subjected to prolonged soaking and prolonged heat treatment. But no one can say exactly how many toxins boiled mushrooms of this type contain, so it’s better not to risk your health.

Externally satanic mushroom quite beautiful: the off-white cap is fleshy, with a spongy yellow bottom that turns red over time. The shape of the leg is similar to a real edible boletus, just as massive, in the form of a barrel. Under the cap the leg becomes thinner and colored yellow, the rest is orange-red. The flesh is very dense, white, only pinkish at the very base of the stem. Young mushrooms have a pleasant smell, but older specimens give off a disgusting smell of spoiled vegetables.

You can distinguish Satanic boletus from edible mushrooms by cutting the flesh: when it comes into contact with air, it first acquires a red tint and then turns blue.

The debate about the edibility of pig mushrooms was stopped in the early 90s, when all types of these mushrooms were officially recognized as dangerous to human life and health. Some mushroom pickers continue to collect them for food to this day, but this should not be done under any circumstances, since pig toxins can accumulate in the body and symptoms of poisoning do not appear immediately.

Externally, poisonous mushrooms are similar to milk mushrooms: they are small, with squat legs and a fleshy round cap of a dirty yellow or gray-brown color. The center of the hat is deeply concave, the edges are wavy. The fruit body is yellowish in cross section, but quickly darkens from the air. Pigs grow in groups in forests and plantings; they especially love wind-fallen trees, located among their rhizomes.

There are more than 30 varieties of pig's ear, as the mushroom is also called. All of them contain lectins and can cause poisoning, but the thinnest pig is considered the most dangerous. The cap of a young poisonous mushroom is smooth, dirty olive, and becomes rusty over time. The short leg has the shape of a cylinder. When the mushroom body is broken, a distinct smell of rotting wood is heard.

The following pigs are no less dangerous:

Poisonous umbrellas

Slender mushrooms on tall, thin stalks with flat, wide-open caps resembling an umbrella grow in abundance along roads and roadsides. They are called umbrellas. The cap actually opens up and becomes wider as the mushroom grows. Most varieties of umbrella mushrooms are edible and very tasty, but there are also poisonous specimens among them.

The most dangerous and common poisonous mushrooms are the following umbrellas:

Poisonous rows

Row mushrooms have many varieties. Among them there are both edible and very tasty mushrooms, as well as frankly tasteless and inedible species. There are also very dangerous poisonous rows. Some of them resemble their “harmless” relatives, which easily misleads inexperienced mushroom pickers. Before you go into the forest, you should look for a person to be your partner. He must know all the intricacies of the mushroom business and be able to distinguish “bad” rows from “good” ones.

The second name for the rows is govorushki.

Among the poisonous talkers, the following rows are considered one of the most dangerous, capable of causing death:

Gall mushroom: inedible or poisonous?

Most scientists attribute gall mushroom classified as inedible, since even forest insects do not dare to taste its bitter pulp. However, another group of researchers is convinced that this mushroom is poisonous. If the dense pulp is eaten, death does not occur. But the toxins it contains in large quantities cause enormous harm. internal organs, in particular the liver.

People call the mushroom bitter for its unique taste.

The size of the poisonous mushroom is not small: the diameter of the brown-orange cap reaches 10 cm, and the creamy-red leg is very thick, with a darker mesh-like pattern in the upper part.

The gall mushroom is similar to the white one, but, unlike the latter, it always turns pink when broken.

Fragile impatiens galerina swamp

In marshy areas of the forest, in thickets of moss, you can find small mushrooms on a long thin stalk - marsh galerina. The brittle light yellow leg with a white ring at the top can be easily knocked down even with a thin twig. Moreover, the mushroom is poisonous and should not be eaten anyway. The dark yellow cap of the galerina is also fragile and watery. At a young age it looks like a bell, but then straightens, leaving only a sharp bulge in the center.

This is not a complete list of poisonous mushrooms; in addition, there are many more false species, which can easily be confused with edible ones. If you are not sure which mushroom is under your feet, please pass by. It’s better to take an extra lap through the forest or return home with an empty wallet than to suffer from severe poisoning later. Be careful, take care of your health and the health of those close to you!

Video about the most dangerous mushrooms for humans

“They take every mushroom in their hands, but not every one they put in a box” - this folk proverb applies to all poisonous mushrooms, but toadstool should not only be placed in the box, but also taken into hand. That's how dangerous she is!

In appearance, the pale grebe really seems pale, frail, as if sick, but in fact it contains deadly poison. It’s not for nothing that this dangerous mushroom is called “forest death.” Even a small piece of toadstool causes the death of a person. The poison it contains is stronger than that of poisonous snakes- vipers, cobras and vipers.

Death cap

I'm a pale toadstool -

The old lady is harmful.

There is a deadly poison in me -

People don't eat me!

I will tell you in detail what a pale grebe looks like, and you try to remember it well features this the most dangerous mushroom, so that when you see him in the forest, you avoid him. The pale toadstool cannot be picked, cut with a knife, or even touched with your hands!

A young pale grebe looks like a matryoshka doll wrapped in a white diaper film. When the mushroom grows, the film bursts, the toadstool cap straightens and becomes dull gray, pale green or yellowish. The plates located at the bottom of the cap are greenish. The stem of the mushroom, thickened at the bottom, seems to be hidden in a cover, and under the cap it has a fringe - its most important feature.

SO, REMEMBER!

Death cap- faded mushroom. At the root of the mushroom there is a club-like tuber, which is wrapped in a white sheath. There is a fringed ring on the foot of the pale grebe under the cap!

Sometimes the toadstool is confused with russula or champignons.

But the russula has neither a fringe under the cap nor a thickening at the bottom of the stem.

The champignon also does not have a thickening on the stem, and the plates of the cap are not white, but pinkish or violet-brown.

The best cure for any poison is knowledge! To avoid poisoning, you need to learn how to identify mushrooms.

Death cap

hat- greenish-whitish.

Records- both young and old - white.

Leg- white, fringed, thickened below, wrapped in a sheath.

Pulp- white.

The most important thing is the “cuff” on the leg, a kind of collar under the hat.

If you come across an unfamiliar pale mushroom, never touch it, pick it, or put it in a basket!

It acts painlessly, imperceptibly and quickly, and when the patient becomes very ill, it is no longer possible to save him. After all, there are no antidotes for the poisons of the toadstool yet!

Do not trust the innocent appearance of this terrible mushroom, do not believe the misconceptions that poisonous mushrooms are not wormy, that they smell unpleasant, or have a disgusting taste. The pale toadstool smells of a fresh mushroom smell, and its flesh tastes sweet, but this does not make it any less merciless and dangerous.

Questions for consolidation

1. What does a toadstool look like?

2. By what signs can it be distinguished from russula?

3. What is the difference between toadstool and champignon?

4. How do the poisons of the toadstool act on the human body?

5. Why is this mushroom called “forest death”?

6. How should a mushroom picker behave in order to avoid poisoning from a poisonous mushroom?

(Amanita phalloides), the green variety of which is often called green, is the most dangerous poisonous mushroom in our forests. This mushroom of the Amanitaceae family ( Amanitaceae), genus Amanita ( Amanita) has such a high concentration of phalloidin that all parts of it are deadly poisonous. Even a small piece of toadstool can lead to a tragic ending. When boiling, drying and other processing, the poison does not lose its strength.

Everyone knows what a pale grebe looks like. However, every year many people poisoned by this poisonous mushroom end up in hospitals in very serious condition. The fact is that the pale toadstool sometimes disguises itself as tasty. For example, it is easily confused with some champignons, floats and rows. Those people who buy homemade, delicious-looking mushroom preparations also become victims.

Pallid grebe (photo from Wikipedia)

Description of the pale grebe

Hat. The diameter of the cap of the pale toadstool is up to 14 cm. More often - up to 10 cm. Its silky skin has a greenish-olive or grayish-green color. central part the caps are often slightly darker and the edges lighter. The skin is usually smooth, less often scales are visible on it, which are the remains of the bedspread. Young mushrooms have a convex cap, which becomes flat-convex or prostrate as they grow. The cap plates are white. The flesh is white, greenish under the skin. There are pale toadstools of a rarer white form.

Leg. The length of the leg of the pale grebe can be up to 20 cm, thickness up to 2 cm. The color of the leg is white, greenish-yellow veins, stains or patterns are clearly visible on it. The leg is widened at the bottom. The pallid grebe has several distinctive features, helping to recognize this terrible mushroom.

Mushroom pickers should be alerted to the whitish ring in the upper part of the stem, which can be solid, torn or inconspicuous, similar to flakes. It is formed from a film covering the plates of young pale grebes. The calyx-volva, torn into three or four lobes when a young mushroom appears, should also scare away. Volva is located at the bottom of the leg (near the ground). The leg does not adhere to the Volvo, it seems that it is inserted into it. The color of the outer side of the Volva is whitish, yellowish or greenish. It seems that the sac-like cup of the Volva is prepared “for growth.”

The most dangerous mushroom in this regard is the toadstool. It is easily recognized by the whitish bulb at the end of the stalk and the disheveled whitish skirt just below the white cap with a ribbed sporangium. The poison is lethal even in minute quantities (B.T. Chuvin “A Man in an Extreme Situation”).

Pale toadstools are moisture-loving, rainy weather they appear en masse in entire “plantations.” In the drier areas of the country, the pallid grebe is much less common. The fungus grows more often in deciduous and mixed forests. But this does not exclude its appearance in conifers. Especially in pine forests, where there is a lot of sphagnum moss.

The pallid grebe appears with . The peak of its growth is observed from the second half to the middle.

Mushroom counterparts to toadstool

If all pale grebes looked “like in the picture,” then this wouldn’t happen. large quantity people who put this poisonous mushroom in their basket, and then in the frying pan.

IN last years in the forests there are a lot of mutant mushrooms in... The pale grebe also “learned” to camouflage itself. Even experienced mushroom pickers sometimes cannot distinguish it from russula, honey mushroom or champignon (V. Zhavoronkov “The ABCs of Safety in Emergency Situations”).

Russula is green and greenish. The green variety of white toadstool is often confused with the very common russula. The main differences: the absence of a ring on the white stem of the russula. The legs of green and greenish russula do not have scales or patterns. There is no volvo at the base of the russula stem.

The plates of the greenfinch are lemon-colored, while those of the pale toadstool are white. Greenfinch is a stocky, robust mushroom. The pallid grebe is completely different.

Float. The white-shaped pallid grebe (fortunately rarer) can easily be confused with a floater. Even experienced mushroom pickers make mistakes with these mushrooms. For beginner mushroom pickers, the white float is at risk.

Champignon. Pale toadstool is sometimes called "false mushroom." It is more difficult to deal with young mushrooms.

Amanita stinking (Amanita virosa), or white toadstool, which grows closer to the North, is also a deadly poisonous mushroom - the twin of the pale toadstool. In the Moscow region there is a lot of it in dry years. On Far East white grebe grows in spruce-fir forests. The fly agaric would not be worth remembering if there were no similarities between the pale toadstool, the stinking fly agaric and the white float.

Amanita toadstool (Amanita mappa) also resembles a pale grebe. But it has a volva attached to the leg and flakes of parts of the bedspread remaining on the cap. This inedible mushroom was previously considered poisonous due to the presence of the toxin bufotenin in its tissue. Amanita toadstool joins the list of fungi-doppelgangers of the toadstool, but does not evoke any desire to put the mushroom in the basket.

Poisoning with toadstool

30 g of toadstool is considered lethal dose even for a strong adult, and 1.5 g is quite enough to put you in a hospital bed.

After eating toadstool, a person does not feel any signs of poisoning for many hours. Then he begins to die (V.A. Soloukhin).

The poison causes inhibition of all processes in the cells of the body. Protein formation stops. There is a rapid degeneration of organ tissue. The first blow is often taken by the stomach, intestines and liver. Due to repeated vomiting and frequent loose stools, rapid dehydration occurs. Chlorides, calcium, potassium and magnesium are lost. But that's just small part all problems.

Mushroom poison, according to the doctor medical sciences, Professor S.G. Musselius (Head of the Department of Reanimation and Treatment of Endotoxicosis Medical Center Administration of the Mayor and Government of Moscow), leads to changes in the composition of the blood, a significant deterioration in the condition of the heart, lungs and multiple damage to other important organs. Blood clotting decreases, resulting in heavy bleeding. Affected nervous system, hallucinations occur, a person’s behavior becomes inappropriate.

The time from the moment the poison of the toadstool enters the human body until the first signs of poisoning is about 6 - 9 hours. Less often - 10 - 15 hours. In some cases, 16 - 36 hours. General weakness, malaise appears, and cold sweat appears.

The next period is acute gastroenteritis with abdominal pain, nausea, “gushing” vomiting, frequent (up to 25 times a day!) loose stools, dry mouth, excruciating thirst and other symptoms. This period is characterized by weakness, headache, dizziness, lethargy, increased and uneven pulse, and decreased blood pressure.

The next stage is acute liver or hepatorenal failure. Jaundice often appears on days 3–5. Death occurs 5 to 10 days after the onset of poisoning. There are chances of recovery, they depend on how quickly measures were taken. It takes up to 1.5 months for surviving patients to recover their health.

Urgent measures for poisoning with toadstool

What to do if a toadstool got onto a plate and from it into a person’s stomach? Here brief instructions that will help save someone's life.

Immediately rinse the stomach: 5 - 6 glasses boiled water Drink a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, and then press your fingers on the root of your tongue. Do not drink milk under any circumstances. It promotes the absorption of toxins. Immediately take activated carbon, 2 - 5 tablets (or other sorbent), vitamin C up to one gram and be sure to take antibiotics (neomycin sulfate, chloramphenicol), since toxins activate all pathogens in the intestines. At the same time, before the ambulance arrives, it is necessary to drink lightly salted water to restore the water-salt balance.
Many people believe that alcohol helps with poisoning. This is a dangerous misconception, since alcohol contributes to the rapid spread of toxin in the body (V. Zhavoronkov “The ABCs of Safety in Emergency Situations”).

It is best to finish the description of the cunning of the pale grebe with the words of V.A. Soloukhina:

I think the pale grebe is needed for some reason, if nature created it. Someday they will probably recognize her useful side, and she will the most valuable plant. But for now, dear mushroom pickers, beware of the pale toadstool.

© Website, 2012-2019. Copying texts and photographs from the site podmoskоvje.com is prohibited. All rights reserved.

(function(w, d, n, s, t) ( w[n] = w[n] || ; w[n].push(function() ( Ya.Context.AdvManager.render(( blockId: "R-A -143469-1", renderTo: "yandex_rtb_R-A-143469-1", async: true )); )); t = d.getElementsByTagName("script"); s = d.createElement("script"); s .type = "text/javascript"; s.src = "//an.yandex.ru/system/context.js"; s.async = true; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); ))(this , this.document, "yandexContextAsyncCallbacks");