Autumn honey mushrooms. What mushrooms are picked in October? Mushrooms in October in the Moscow region Are there mushrooms in early October

Peak begins in autumn mushroom season. What mushrooms can be collected in early and late autumn? We'll tell you in this article.

Autumn is generous with the gifts of nature. At this time of year, you can enjoy not only fragrant apples, pears, and vegetables from the garden, but also diversify your menu with mushroom dishes.

Important: “Silent hunting” is what mushroom pickers call their hobby. Why? Because they usually go out to pick mushrooms in a friendly group. And this is a very exciting activity.

Many people believe that mushrooms only grow in autumn. In fact, this is not entirely true. Mushrooms grow in both spring and summer, and some even in winter. It’s just that in the fall, thanks to the wet weather, a huge number of them grow.

The month of September is good because you can still collect summer species mushrooms, but traditionally autumn ones are already appearing.

Traditionally, the September types of mushrooms include the following:

There are many subspecies of honey mushrooms. Among them there are edible and poisonous, sometimes it is difficult even for an experienced specialist to distinguish. Some mushroom pickers do not consider these mushrooms edible.

Picky mushrooms that can be found in mosses or under grass. Chanterelles grow throughout the fall. The chanterelle's leg has folds, and the cap may be irregularly shaped and curved outward. All types of chanterelles are considered edible or conditionally edible. Conditionally considered edible false chanterelles. Their hat is much brighter than that of ordinary foxes.

Chanterelles

Porcini

It is also called boletus. You've also probably heard the name "king of mushrooms". The mushroom is named porcini because its pulp white does not darken when cut. The diameter of the cap ranges from 5-20 cm.

In wet weather, the cap can be slippery; in dry weather, it can become cracked and dry. If you turn the mushroom over, you can see that the flesh is porous. The color of the cap darkens as the mushroom ages, from white to brown. The leg is dense and fleshy.

“King of Mushrooms” - Boletus

Variety porcini mushroom- dubovik

The boletus has a light leg that widens downwards with dark inclusions. The hat is medium brown in color. The boletus grows in birch or mixed forests. But you can also find it in a spruce forest, where there are interspersed birches. Loves wet soil, but warmed by the sun.

In addition to the above, other mushrooms also grow abundantly in September:

• Milk mushrooms
• Butter
• Mokhoviki
• Saffron milk caps

Video: How to pick mushrooms correctly?

What edible mushrooms are collected in October: list, photos, names

In October, before frost sets in, you can collect decent baskets different mushrooms. Although the number of mushrooms in meadows and forests will not be as record high as in September. In October, it is worth looking for mushrooms near stumps and under trees.

Still available this month porcini mushrooms, boletus, boletus.

In October, the following mushrooms grow abundantly:

1. Saffron milk caps
2. Bitters
3. greenfinch

Saffron milk caps

Saffron milk caps grow in spruce forests. The second name for saffron milk caps is spruce trees. Saffron milk caps have a concave cap, the edges are slightly bent, and the inside of the cap is lamellar. The cap of these mushrooms is smooth and slippery. Pulp orange color. Saffron milk caps are one of the most delicious mushrooms. They can be fried, salted, and dried.

Milk mushrooms

These mushrooms, like others, are divided into two types: conditionally edible and edible.

TO conditionally edible relate:

• bitter milk mushroom (bitter)
• milk mushroom yellow
• milk mushroom white (real)
• milk mushroom parchment
• milk mushroom black

TO edible:

• marsh milk mushroom
• bluish milk mushroom
• camphor milk mushroom

These mushrooms may differ in the color of their cap. Milk mushrooms reach large sizes- up to 20 cm in diameter. The milky juice is white, abundant. As it ripens, the flesh of the milk mushroom becomes brittle and crumbles easily.

Important: The term “conditionally edible mushrooms” does not mean that they cannot be eaten. Can. Only first it needs to be processed: frying, boiling, drying, salting. Concerning edible mushrooms, it is believed that they can be eaten raw.

What edible mushrooms are collected in November: list, photos, names

November is the latest autumn month. The first frosts begin this month, but you can still collect a basket of late mushrooms, such as:

• greenfinch
• Oyster mushrooms
• Butter

Butter

Butterflies get their name from their slippery, sticky, oily cap. Brown hat, with reverse side porous. This mushroom is very nutritious. The oiler loves coniferous soil, but there must be bushes and grass.

There are deciduous, swamp, and cedar boletus. Late boletus can be recognized by its richly colored cap with yellow flesh. Late boletus hides in mosses.

Has a long thin leg. The leg is hollow inside. Externally, garlic mushrooms are similar to honey mushrooms; they can be distinguished by the characteristic smell of garlic. Hence the name. When cooked, the smell disappears; when dried, it intensifies.

The latest mushrooms in autumn in November: list, photos, names

In late autumn you can find:

• Talkers
• Zelenushki (rows)
• Oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms grow at once “as a whole friendly company.” You can find them on trees. Oyster mushrooms are also grown in industrial scale. Oyster mushrooms have a soft cap with soft gray skin.

Talkers

The caps of the talkers are thin, these mushrooms themselves are small, but fragrant. Talkers grow on soft litter, shallow. Among the varieties of talkers, there are many poisonous ones, so it is recommended only for experienced mushroom pickers to collect them.

Mushroom talker

greenfinch

Greenfinches grow in dry pine forests. They can be found singly or in groups. These are the latest mushrooms to grow until frost. After treatment, the greenish color does not disappear. If you eat a lot of greenfinches, you can get poisoned. Therefore, it is better to consume them in moderation.

How quickly do mushrooms grow after rain in the fall?

Important: For mushrooms to grow, the soil must be well saturated. It is important that it is warm for some time. Such conditions are favorable for the growth of mushrooms.

Mushrooms grow in different ways. For example, boletus may appear 10 hours after rain. Other mushrooms, especially late autumn ones, will have to wait up to 12 days.

Experienced mushroom pickers are sure that it is not necessary to wait 12-14 days after the rain, you just need to know the good places.

It is also important to go to pick mushrooms when they reach the required size. On average, mushrooms reach medium size in 3-6 days. Full height up to 12-14 days.

At what temperature do mushrooms grow in autumn?

High temperature (30-35°) inhibits the growth of fungi. The mechanism of mushroom growth is such that the mycelium begins to develop at a temperature of 20-25°. During this time it should rain, the mycelium should be saturated nutrients. And only at a temperature of 6-10° the fruiting body actively grows.

It happens that mushrooms grow in waves after each heavy rain. But it doesn’t happen year after year. It also happens that the year does not indulge in a mushroom harvest. Many mushroom pickers say that mushrooms have their own quirks.

Picking mushrooms is not only useful activity, but also exciting. Many quiet walks through the forests and beautiful places calms down. Don’t forget to arm yourself with a knife for cutting mushrooms and a basket, or maybe several.

But if you decide to go mushroom hunting and don’t know whether this mushroom is edible, it is better to ask an experienced mushroom picker to help. Almost all types of mushrooms have false doubles, which can be extremely dangerous to your health and life.

Video: How to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones?

Autumn honey mushrooms begin to appear in forests towards the end of August. You can collect them throughout the first half of September. Autumn honey mushrooms grow in waves. Depending on the weather conditions Each year there may be 2-3 waves of these mushrooms, with the first one usually being the most abundant. Another feature of the growth of autumn honey mushrooms is that they appear quickly and abundantly, and then just as abruptly disappear. Therefore, for lovers " quiet hunt“It is important not to miss the moment when the collection begins.

In what forests is this species found?

Autumn can be considered a cosmopolitan of our latitudes. It can be found in almost any forest that is more than 30 years old. Honey mushrooms grow on more than 200 species of trees. As a rule, these fungi appear in colonies on dry trunks, dead wood, stumps, roots and trunks of living plants. Most often, honey mushrooms are found on spruce and birch trees, a little less often they can be found on pines, aspens and oaks. - moderate strip. When they settle on dead wood, they destroy it. At the same time, the valuable elements from which it consists are returned to the biological one. In the same place, autumn honey mushrooms can be collected for up to 15 years in a row. After this period, the wood is completely destroyed by mycelium.

Autumn honey mushroom colonies grow very abundantly. From one stump you can collect several liters of these valuable mushrooms. Young honey mushrooms with an unopened cap are collected together with the stem. Only the caps of grown mushrooms are cut off. Their legs nutritional value Dont Have.

There are many recipes for preparing these mushrooms. Honey mushrooms can be boiled, pickled, dried and salted, as well as fried. When picking mushrooms, you do not need to pull out their stems from the wood “by the roots”, so as not to damage the mycelium, which will delight you with a bountiful harvest next year.

Precautionary measures

However, when going into the forest, it is important to remember about precautions. Many have poisonous doubles, so not a single year goes by without poisoning. Before going into the forest, it is important to study the signs of not only the species that you plan to collect, but also similar ones that are better to skip. If you are not sure that this particular mushroom is definitely edible, there is no need to risk your health, it is better to leave it in the forest!

Myths about edible and poisonous mushrooms

You should not listen to “grandmother’s” advice on how to distinguish a poisonous mushroom from an edible one. For example, some people seriously believe that poisonous species are not eaten by forest animals or snails. You can see for yourself the fallacy of this statement - even fatal for people pale grebe They eat slugs and insects without any problems for their lives. Another “sure-fire” way to make sure that forest products are edible is when they culinary processing heat with them silver spoon(or onion).

They say that if they do not darken, this means that there is not a single poisonous mushroom among them. Of course, this is not true. Silver may darken, for example, from boletus, but will not change its color when heated with the same pale toadstool. You can check this yourself, but it’s still better not to conduct such experiments. There are also popular myths that mushrooms become poisonous if they grow near rusty iron or snake nests. Such stories should be treated as folklore, interesting as folk legends, but without practical value.

Do you need to know the signs of poisonous mushrooms?

No less ridiculous and dangerous are the beliefs of some optimistic people who believe that poisonous mushrooms are rare, so you shouldn’t bother yourself with their distinctive features. In fact, about 90 of these species can be found in our forests, and about 10 of them are fatal to us.

Of course, this does not mean that in order to avoid mushroom poisoning, you need to buy them only in grocery stores. The purpose of this article is to show the reader the importance of knowing not only tasty and edible species, but also the signs by which they can be distinguished from their poisonous counterparts.

Twin mushrooms of autumn honey fungus

According to some signs edible species may resemble poisonous ones. Moreover, there are quite a lot of similar cases. Among mushroom pickers, a pair of “autumn honey fungus - dangerous double" The name of the inedible relative is false honey fungus. This is a generalized name for several species that have some similarities to autumn honey fungus. These mushrooms belong to the genera Hyfoloma and Psalitrella. Some of them are considered simply inedible, some are considered poisonous. About individual species There are still discussions about whether they can be considered conditionally edible. But there is no clear evidence that a person who eats them will not harm himself. Therefore, it is better not to risk it and limit yourself to collecting only autumn honey mushrooms. Moreover, there are a lot of them in the forest during the season.

Where do inedible and poisonous look-alikes grow?

They grow in the same places as edible ones - on stumps, dead wood and living trees, so a novice mushroom picker can make a mistake. In order to be sure that the forest gifts you collect can be eaten, you need to know the signs of edible mushrooms and their dangerous counterparts.

Differences between false honey fungus and autumn honey fungus

The dangerous double can be easily distinguished from its edible relative.

The first thing you should pay attention to is the color of the cap. U edible honey fungus it has a color ranging from beige to yellowish-dark brown. Moreover, old mushrooms are usually darker than young ones. The parts of the caps that are protected from the sun are usually much lighter. The dangerous twin of the autumn honey fungus often has a bright, provocative color.

Second hallmark- coloring of spores. U edible honey mushrooms they are white, so you can see them on the caps of old mushrooms white coating. This is what controversy is about. With their help, honey mushrooms disperse. The third thing to check is the presence of a membranous “skirt” on the leg of the honey mushroom. False honey agaric autumn does not have it. This sign is the most important difference, which is worth paying attention to. The “skirt” of the autumn honey mushroom is the remnant of a protective blanket enveloping the young mushroom. The dangerous double of the autumn honey mushroom does not have such a cover.

The fourth difference that helps to highlight the dangerous twin of the autumn honey fungus is the color of the plates on inside mushroom caps. U inedible species, with which it is better not to deal, the plates are yellow if the mushroom is young, and greenish-olive in old ones. Autumn mushrooms are characterized by cream, beige or light yellow coloration of the plates.

The fifth difference is the surface of the mushroom cap. In autumn mushrooms it is covered with small scales. Moreover, their color is usually darker than the cap itself. But old mushrooms lose their scales and become smooth. True, such overgrown mushrooms no longer have any nutritional value, so mushroom pickers are not interested in them.

The sixth sign that will help you distinguish an edible mushroom is its smell. Autumn honey mushrooms smell pleasant, but the smell of false honey mushrooms smells like mold.

Conclusion

Knowledge of these signs will be enough to be able to distinguish the autumn honey fungus. A photo of a mushroom will help you avoid mistakes. But it’s even better to take with you an experienced expert who will show you what autumn honey mushrooms look like. Once you see them with your own eyes, it will be difficult to confuse them with any other species. But even an old woman can get screwed, so don’t forget the main rule of mushroom pickers: “If you’re not sure, don’t take it.”

October is also a good month. Just like in September, this month you can collect a decent basket of edible mushrooms, if there were no severe frosts and constant heavy rains. So, under the bright leaves, don’t miss the caps of saffron milk caps, russula, boletus, and moss mushrooms.

And if, after all, slight frosts have already set in in October, then there is no need to despair here either, since greenfinches and greenfinches are not afraid of them.

So, now about every mushroom that grows in autumn forest, we'll tell you in more detail.

• Porcini

One of the most favorite mushrooms is also found in October, but provided that there were no severe frosts. In mushrooms growing in a pine forest, it is dark brown, often with a purple tint; in spruce forests it is brown or reddish-brown, in deciduous forests- lighter. The pulp is white, dense, does not change color, which is especially appreciated. Porcini mushrooms are pickled, salted, dried, and fried, so this mushroom is universal.

• boletus

Another one of our favorite edible mushrooms. And although it is called boletus and essentially should only grow under birch trees, it can be found in almost all deciduous forests. He gravitates towards edges, hillocks, and also towards light. Boletus mushrooms are often used for drying and pickling.

• Ryzhik

Many mushroom pickers do not agree that the king of mushrooms is the boletus mushroom, and put the camelina in first place. It can be found in young pine trees that grow along the grassy edges of older pine forests. This mushroom is quite recognizable. It is a bright, orange-red mushroom with concentric darker orange zones. Ryzhiki is a valuable mushroom; it does not lose its color even when pickled, and, in addition, has excellent taste qualities.

• Oyster mushroom

Oyster mushroom is considered one of the most popular mushrooms that grow in late autumn and are not afraid of cold weather. Sometimes they grow even until December. Oyster mushrooms can be found on aspen, poplar, oak or birch, as well as on rotten stumps. What to do with this mushroom? Usually it is salted, fried, pickled.

• Winter mushrooms

Winter mushrooms are an excellent edible find for avid mushroom pickers who love to go mushroom picking even in October. Some even believe that winter mushrooms are tastier than autumn ones. Whether this is true or not, you can check for yourself by going to the forest in October. What do they do with them? Yes, as usual: salted, fried, marinated.

• Row purple

This autumn mushroom also quite popular among mushroom pickers. You can easily recognize it by its purple hat. Interestingly, this mushroom is also not afraid of cold weather, so it grows until December. Ryadovka is most often pickled, fried or salted, depending on your preference.

• Talker

Talker mushroom is a fairly popular edible mushroom, although some believe it can cause distress in some people. But this can be avoided if you boil the mushrooms thoroughly and then drain all the water. The talker is “friends” with the row, which is why you can often see them together in one place. Govorushki are salted, pickled and fried. They grow even in November.

• Garlic

Garlic is an edible mushroom that is famous for its garlicky aroma, which is unusual for a mushroom. Therefore, it is often used as a seasoning instead of garlic. When dried, it retains its aroma. Where can you find this garlic substitute? Look on the stumps. By the way, it also grows until the end of November.

• Volnushka

Volnushka grows in a variety of forests, but, as a rule, most often in birch forests. Often mushroom pickers do not collect the mushroom and avoid it. And all because you have to tinker with it a little when cooking, because if you don’t soak it, it will be bitter. But if you still devote time to this mushroom, it will pleasantly surprise you with its taste. Moreover, the volushki make very decent pickles, which are eaten once or twice in winter.

• Greenfinch

Greenfinch is a very tasty edible mushroom that forms a mycelium with pine. Greenfinch can also be found in November.

• Common chanterelles

Chanterelles are one of the most beloved and famous mushrooms, which is almost never wormy. In mid-October, young chanterelles begin to appear, you just need to notice them under the withered foliage. Sometimes they grow until December.

• Trembling orange

Trembling is a rather original mushroom for real gourmets. It is known for its smooth, jelly-like consistency as well as its vibrant orange. From tremors you can make an omelette that literally melts in your mouth or a delicious, tender soup. This mushroom grows not only in October, but throughout the winter to the delight of mushroom pickers. The best place to look for the mushroom is in the hazel tree on dead branches.

• Ice mushroom

Another original edible mushroom, characterized by a gelatinous consistency. Its cap is decorated with translucent spines. Unfortunately, the ice mushroom is quite rare and quite difficult to find.

Detailed information about honey mushrooms: types, photos, places and terms of growth, distinctive features of inedible ones.

Honey mushrooms are the most common mushrooms. They are familiar even to a novice mushroom picker. But their diversity sometimes casts even scientists involved in the study of mushrooms into doubt when determining their species. But honey mushrooms are not only edible, but also deadly poisonous.

Therefore, before you go into the forest, familiarize yourself with the main, most common types of honey mushrooms.

Types of edible honey mushrooms - Assumption, summer, meadow, Chinese, autumn, winter, thick-legged, slimy honey mushrooms, honey mushroom: description, photo

Summer (Kuehneromyces mutabilis)

Meadow (lat. Marasmius oreades)

Edible scale (lat. Pholiota nameko)

Autumn (Armillaria mellea) or Assumption

Winter (Flammulina velutipes)

Thick-legged (lat. Armillaria lutea, Armillaria gallica)

Mucous or udemansiella mucosa (lat. Oudemansiella mucida)

Common garlic (lat. Mycetinis scorodonius, Marasmius scorodonius)

How to identify false honey mushrooms: signs

1. Most main feature- false mushrooms do not have a membranous ring (skirt) on the leg
2. Have an unpleasant earthy odor
3. The color of the caps is bright
4. Smooth caps without scales
5. The plates are yellow, becoming greenish or olive-black as they grow
6. They taste bitter when eaten

How to distinguish toadstools from real honey mushrooms?

note

On what stumps do honey mushrooms grow?

Be carefull

Poisoning can be caused by both poisonous and edible varieties honey, last in case of poor quality.

• The first symptoms of poisoning with rotten boiled or poorly pickled edible specimens appear 1-2 hours after their use, in the form of:

1. Nauseous attacks and vomiting
2. Diarrhea
3. Pain in the stomach and intestinal areas
4. Heartburn and belching
5. General weakness
6. Headache
7. Increased body temperature to 37.5 degrees
8. Increased gas formation in the intestines

• False honey mushrooms, mistakenly taken into food, cause the first symptoms of poisoning within 15-20 minutes. They develop brightly, instantly disturb the patient’s condition, and are expressed:

1. Severe dizziness and loss of coordination
2. Nausea and vomiting. First, food residues come out, and then gastric juice and bile
3. Breathing disorders - turns into superficial, frequent, accompanied by shortness of breath, lack of air is felt
4. Bright mirages - auditory, tactile or visual
5. Copious and repeated diarrhea
6. Convulsions - partial or general
7. Impaired awareness, even coma is possible

Popular gifts of nature are extremely appetizing in any form:

• fried
• stewed
• pickled
• salty

A successful harvest harvested on time will allow you to enjoy yourself and treat your guests with the healthy gifts of nature in the winter.

Video: Mushrooms of October: autumn honey mushrooms

Honey mushrooms are such small and inconspicuous-looking mushrooms that, out of ignorance, they can be mistaken for toadstools. With an abundance of other mushrooms of a more presentable appearance, honey mushrooms often remain untouched. And only when the range of mushrooms in the forests is small, they remember honey mushrooms.

Where and when do honey mushrooms grow?

Honey mushrooms grow from May to late autumn.

Most often they appear near stumps or on fallen trees, which is why they got their name. Even if honey mushrooms have chosen a clearing, it’s not just like that. This means that roots extend deep underground, extending from a stump that was once a powerful tree.

Honey mushrooms are permanent mushrooms. They don't like to "jump" from place to place. And if a family of honey mushrooms was once discovered near some fallen tree, then experienced mushroom pickers will say with one hundred percent certainty that next year it will be possible to harvest a good harvest of mushrooms here. And until the stump of this tree (or the tree itself) turns into dust, honey mushrooms will appear near it.

Honey mushrooms differ from each other in appearance and time of appearance. This comes from the fact that there are several types of honey mushrooms: summer honey fungus, meadow honey fungus, autumn honey fungus and winter honey fungus.

In May, when there are no other mushrooms in the forests, mushrooms appear in clearings, pastures, pastures, and along the edges of fields. honey fungus. It grows until November.

Honey fungus is a sociable mushroom. It grows in such groups that you can pick a whole basket of mushrooms from one clearing. It is noteworthy that meadow honey fungus often grows not just in bunches, but as if forming a circle, which is popularly called the “witch’s circle.” And these circles are sometimes quite large diameter. This is the mycelium of the meadow honey fungus that is growing so much. Of course, if it is not disturbed or damaged by vandal mushroom pickers.

The meadow honey fungus has a yellowish-brownish or cream-colored cap with a tubercle in the middle. The edges of the cap are always lighter than the center. The leg is high, thin, tortuous, dense. The meadow honey fungus emits a pleasant smell of mushrooms and cloves. The taste is sweetish.

Summer honey fungus grows from July to September. It appears on deciduous stumps, as well as logs, rotten wood and other debris deciduous trees. It does not grow on a living tree. This is a small mushroom with a yellow-brown cap, the edges of which are darker than the middle, and a brownish stalk. Below the ring on the stem, the color changes to brown-green.

Autumn honey fungus differs from other honey mushrooms in the brown color of the cap and unusual scales that cover the entire cap, especially in the young mushroom. The flesh of the mushroom is light brown or beige. Autumn honey mushrooms have a pleasant smell and a sour-sweet taste.

Autumn honey fungus grows on stumps, dead wood, and also often moves onto living trunks of coniferous and deciduous trees, causing irreparable damage to them. After all, if autumn honey mushrooms completely take a fancy to some tree, it means that it will soon die.

Autumn honey fungus appears in August and grows until October, sometimes longer.

The difference between honey mushrooms and inedible and poisonous mushrooms

It happens that mushrooms grow at the wrong time. This does not happen with honey mushrooms. Therefore, confuse honey fungus with inedible or poisonous mushroom difficult. Especially if you know appearance not only honey mushrooms, but also inedible mushrooms.

For example, honey fungus can be confused with wood-loving collibia. It grows from May to December. The difference is a hollow stem, more frequent plates and an unpleasant odor.

It also grows in the same places as honey mushrooms. talker whitewashed. It is distinguished by a light cap without a tubercle in the middle and a floury smell.

Candol's false honey fungus has a white or brownish cap with purple-brown plates (in adult mushrooms) and a thin, hollow stalk.

Gray-yellow honey fungus has a yellow cap, a thin yellow stem and bitter flesh.

Seroplate honey fungus grows on wood coniferous trees and is distinguished by grayish plates.

Honeycombs are inedible. Their distinguishing feature is bright color the caps are greenish, reddish or yellow-sulfur in color.

All fresh honey mushrooms have a pleasant smell, which cannot be said about false honey mushrooms and other inedible mushrooms that can be confused with honey mushrooms.

Winter honey fungus- the latest mushroom - is slightly different from the rest of the mushrooms precisely in the color of the cap, which can be cream, light yellow and even yellow-red.

Winter honey fungus grows in groups not only on dead wood, but sometimes settles on living weakened trees, thereby destroying them.

Winter honey fungus does not disappear even during short frosts, but only becomes covered with a thin ice crust. And as soon as the sun warms it, it will thaw.

All types of honey mushrooms are eaten fresh, boiled, or fried. They are also salted, dried, pickled and frozen. But you need to remember that most mushrooms have a hard stem, especially adult mushrooms, so when picking mushrooms, most often only the caps are cut off or a small stem is left. Since honey mushrooms have a thin leg, scissors are used instead of a knife.