What is the secret of the human soul. The human soul after death. The secret of the soul and its transformations. Depression and acceptance of death

What results can you expect from a heart-to-heart conversation? What mysteries and secrets do you carry in your soul or secrets yours souls. What a relief it is from secrets and mysteries.

Secrets of your soul.

Secrets of the soul- this is not the content of secret files or films about the mysterious. It's about about the secrets you carry in your...

Family secrets, secret messages, “secrets” from childhood, unsaid things - all this weighs on your soul. Maybe it's time to free yourself? Psychologist of Happiness.

In our language there is such an expression as “to remove a stone from the soul,” often such a stone is the secrets of our soul or what we hide from others for fear of losing their respect and losing their approval and love.

Write in the comments, do you have similar “stones”-secrets in your soul that weigh on you?

A heart-to-heart conversation relieves tension.

You probably remember what happens in your soul when you tell the truth.

What happens when you tell the truth?

You feel relief throughout your whole body. After all, along with the unspoken secret, you often keep your feelings about this secret.

All these secrets cause extraordinary tension in the body. When you open your soul and begin to speak and express emotions, tension leaves the body.

What should you not accumulate in your soul?

At any life sphere- these are, first of all, grievances, unmet needs underlying these grievances, and judgments (evaluations).

Whenever you get angry at someone, ask yourself, what do I want and am not getting from this person?

And then convince yourself to ask him about it.

Workshop. This is what I would like to say...

I offer a cleansing and healing procedure for your soul.

1) What secret do you carry in your soul?

Think for a moment and quickly write on a piece of paper all the secrets, everything unspoken, everything hidden behind seven locks in the depths of your soul.

Here are some secrets from my Clients:

• I passed the mark on my final exams.

• At the age of fourteen I stole a penknife from the market.

• I'm afraid to confess my feelings to my neighbor.

• I want to be given a phone.

• I'm still angry at my high school roommate.

• I no longer have any strength to hide my attitude towards my father.

2) Who is your secret addressed to?

Now think about who your secret message is addressed to, which can’t wait to come true?

Who is this man? Or a group of people?

Picture him or her in your mind. What feelings do you have for the recipient? What would you like to say? What to pour out your soul about?

3) This is what I would like to say...

Start revealing your secret to the light with the words: “This is what I would like to say...”

Express your pain, anger, fear or desires to this imaginary interlocutor.

Tell it like it is. Pour out your soul and remove the stone from your soul.

Cry or scream! Express doubts, regret, or sympathy for yourself or the other person. and others.

All. Now breathe out a sigh of relief.

4) What does a heart-to-heart conversation give?

Many of my Clients have similar workshops, in addition to providing relief:

• Brings relief from migraines that have plagued you for years.
• Relieves spastic colitis or gets rid of old ulcers.
• Helps you get out of the swamp and realize how wonderful life is.
• Removes overweight without any diets.

Do you want to check what will happen to your body after relieving your soul from such mysteries and secrets?

Talk about an opportunity to vent and relieve stress!

Be brave! The truth is welcome on the happiness psychologist's blog!

Read the best materials from a happiness psychologist on this topic!

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• Breathing is life. There is either conscious (awareness) breathing or incorrect breathing. Today we are talking about breathing techniques taken from oriental medicine. […]
• Psychogenetics and psychogenealogy are relatively new branches in psychology. Today is about anniversary syndrome, family secrets And generational curses from […]

It still remains a mystery to many. Indeed, it cannot be studied in the physical world. Only indirect signs of the state of the soul help us recreate its image. Other sources, often not on an earthly level, complement this image with ever new shades. This is how we accumulate knowledge and comprehend the deep roots of the soul.

In this topic we will reveal certain aspects of the soul that are associated with technologies for the development of life. We will talk about these technologies and thereby further expand our knowledge, providing people with a real picture, which is still largely hidden from their view.
We proceed from the fact that the soul is intended to create special properties for a living and intelligent organism. In particular, it brings into the consciousness of a spiritually developing person properties that help him engage in Higher Creativity at the stage of life in the casual world. Let us dwell on this aspect of the soul, which has not yet been illuminated earlier.

To engage in creativity in general, we already know this, the energy of the mind is necessary for the utmost saturation of the associative field and its subsequent development and branching in new energy-informational spectra. However, the composition of the energy of the mind is extremely important in the creative process. What is the initial nutritional composition of this energy, the associative constructions will be corresponding. They can be tough and require a lot of effort in the creative process, because... a rigid associative basis prevents inductive associative interactions. Associations can also be translucent. Such structures expand the range of inductive associative interaction during the period of reflection and are easily developed in creative searches. We call this property intelligence - the most valuable quality of consciousness. It does not require increased energy consumption for development and is easy to “operate”.
To build a consciousness with the given properties, an appropriate nutrient medium is needed. It is created by the person himself in the process of eating. And the components of this environment are introduced into the structure of consciousness by the emotional overlay of radiations that are created by the soul. In other words, the soul brings a qualitative component to the spectrum of energies of the mind and contributes to the development of creative consciousness, if its emotional emissions do not go into the lower spectral range. High emotions help to “soften” the energy of the mind, increase its fluidity and enhance its penetrating ability. Thus, the soul introduces a qualitative component into the associative structure of consciousness. Consequently, strict control over emotional impulses reduces this quality indicator. And constant external pressure on the soul, and there are many such examples - in particular, the aggression of modern media, deprives a person of creative potential. Such pressure enslaves the soul, making a person potentially weak, including intellectually. In this regard, when considering the development of modern man, one should also dig into this question: are they not fulfilling Media exactly this task?...

We will not develop this thesis - it is obvious. Our task is to reveal the mechanisms spiritual development due to the potential of the soul.
The imposition of the properties of the soul on the structure of consciousness in the process of spiritual development is, in essence, a relay of the soul’s organism into the mental spheres of consciousness. This is the main stimulus of the soul in its development and creation of a copy in the mental spheres of consciousness. The same applies to the physical person, who builds his shells in the upper spheres, and someone reaches the casual world. Here a spiritual person is born - a symbiosis of soul and consciousness. Only here - in the casual world, Technologies for growing a spiritual person are being developed. And only here the advantages of a person’s creative development are manifested, when without these abilities he will not be able to implement his plans, although there will be a need for this. And if there is no creative potential in him, but he has entered the casual world in the process of development, he will not be able to realize subsequent development here without the creative potential inherent initially in the physical world. In this sense, all of his development, not only in the physical world, but also subsequent development in the Higher spheres up to the casual world, is only preliminary and insufficient for the knowledge of the Truth. We also talked about this in various topics. And only in the spheres of the CCR is the accumulation of true knowledge and the subsequent training of a person carried out in order to acquire spiritual properties. developed person. This should be remembered.

When the soul is directed into the lower spheres, its subsequent path will inevitably lead to fiery purification. And in the event of the loss of its vital functions, it will be disposed of, and its place will be taken by a new young soul - a copy of the previous one. Let's consider this side of the issue.
Just as a physical person does not have the same fingerprints, so each soul has its own separate properties. Otherwise, in a resonant connection, they cannot help but influence each other. Therefore, each soul is born with an individual resonant body microstructure.
Souls are created in special gene resonators, where the initial resonance matrix changes for each new generated soul. Therefore, the number of newborn souls is limited by the width of the total resonance spectrum of their gene matrices. Accordingly, each soul has an individual passport, which contains all its fundamental characteristics. Souls have names, like the name of a physical person. But their names are not disclosed, otherwise it is possible to control directly the soul that responds to its name. According to the structure of the original matrix, souls can be close, just like a person’s relatives are close. But family connection souls do not, there are only resonant connections. The closeness of souls is considered to be the unified development of the initial structure of the gene matrix. Accordingly, for new souls a new genus is created in the physical world, in which souls with similar individual characteristics are embodied.
If the soul was unable to provide itself with a development prospect and “drowned” in the wilds of the lower spheres, then a new soul is created using its individual passport without the danger of its connection with the previous one, because After disposal, nothing remains of the former soul. Its original gene matrix is ​​completely annihilated.

There are souls for various purposes. If in our BV the soul is given the prospect of entering the casual world, then the Civilizations of other BVs have their own developments, respectively, and their own forms and purposes of souls. They also grow them for their internal needs, in order to control the astral world, because... There are no other management tools for this. Therefore, they grow souls in order to master the astral spheres. We have the same thing in BV. But each Civilization has its own needs. As for our Civilization (the Civilization of our BV), in its development it is closest to the casual world. Accordingly, it has gone through all the previous stages along which other Civilizations are still exploring the astral worlds. As for the intersphere spaces, their souls, intended for our physical world, resemble earthly spiders in their external form. Therefore, the introduction of these individuals into the original soul of a physical person gives him its own separate properties - we already know this. Now, after many centuries of interspheral “mixing,” these spider souls, embedded in humans, have made their changes in the genetic structure of those whom we call representatives of interspheral spaces. For this reason, not only the gene structure, but also external shape their soul is different from the average person on Earth.
In the cultivation of souls, as in any complex production process, there are quality deviations. However, such souls may turn out to be more resilient, and even having other properties different from the standard ones, they may turn out to be more capable of development. These souls are tested to identify their properties, and, if necessary, copied again, creating a new branch of souls. As a result physical world also acquires a new kind, the development of which is monitored in the spiritual world.

If the newborn soul has acquired dramatically different properties, then rejection does not occur. In the astral world, the properties of the environment are such that at a critical density it begins to structure into a living organism due to the creation of many feedback in a dense astral environment. Therefore, a new living organism with its own properties is generated
Every person on Earth, in the process of astral radiation - emotional stress, also generates clots of astral energies near him. As they accumulate, they envelop his body in their clots. And if there are a lot of them, they can unite together, transforming into a creature with the signs of a living and intelligent organism. If this person continues to accumulate astral radiation, then he burdens not only his karma, but also the karma of his family. After his departure from physical life, these energy clots, sometimes similar in shape to a person, are resonantly attracted to one of the members of the clan who has a gap (ulcer) in their astral body. A mole forms in this place and on the physical body - a sign of a related inclusion. Through this energy channel, the astral essence itself is nourished, which also needs nutrition. As a result, the astral region of the Earth is now highly polluted. And every person on Earth lives in a sea of ​​energy-informational emissions generated by the person himself.

20.04.2007
* * *
Various questions associated with the soul are revealed in different time. For this, as a rule, appropriate prerequisites are required. For example, initial knowledge about the soul is considered only in terms of introducing the essence of its structure and its place in the human body. In the next period, perhaps more full lighting issues related to the soul. Obviously, not everyone can accept what goes beyond their worldview, which is often built on a religious foundation. Subsequent knowledge about the soul will require removal from religious views, therefore such information is revealed gradually, just as a flower bud reveals its final form only in the final period of its flowering. Next, we will share the knowledge about the soul that has not yet been indicated in our earlier materials, and we will also reveal certain laws from the life of souls, including during the period of incarnation on Earth - in our sphere of Conception. Now we will look at individual periods in the life of the soul and get acquainted with the laws of correspondence of the Development of Higher Organisms associated with these periods. Here are some of the excerpts from the list of issues to be disclosed:

1. Each soul is designed to live in a specific spectral range. This is due to the need to exclude forceful resonant interactions between souls.
2. The number of souls of one spectral range is limited to 6 - 10 billion.
3. New souls are prepared exclusively in the spectra of departed souls, if the entire range is already filled with them.
The reasons for the departure of souls are as follows:
- death due to lack of potential for subsequent development;
- transition to a different spectral range of life, for example to the Venusian channel;
- the transition of the soul to the Higher spheres in the process of development, and its integration in the human consciousness.
4. There are no restrictions on the incarnation of souls on Earth. They inhabit any body.
5. In countries where the cult of dragons rules, the souls of dragons incarnate. The spectral range of these souls is different from the spectral range of the souls of the rest of the Earth's population. They then return to their planets and then reincarnate on Earth until they take on human form.
6. The soul of a spiritually developed person merges with his atmic body if it has reached this range in development. Depending on where this person will live, the question of the possibility of growing a new soul for incarnation on Earth in the same resonant spectrum (with the same technical passport data) as the one who passed away is decided. Higher worlds. In one Cosmic Cycle, the entire spectral range of souls must be used for their final development. Therefore, at the end of the Night of Svarog, the maximum number of souls are embodied on Earth, and at the end of the Summer of Svarog there are no free spectra left for the cultivation of young souls. But about 10% of souls still remain unincarnated due to the fact that they did not have time to purify themselves and gain experience, so they incarnate on the Night of Svarog. Gradually, with Evolution at the top (development-degradation), by the end of the Night of Svarog, about 6 billion souls are reincarnated on Earth in order to resume the evolutionary ascent in the subsequent Summer of Svarog, renewing the cells of the Creator.
7. Each new Organism is grown from the resources of the Parent Organism. Therefore, the Parent supplies souls to the young Organism until the young Organism acquires the ability for self-organization, and then for active Development. Svarog’s body has raised more than one generation of young Gods. Among them, such as Dazhdbog, Perun, Veles and other Svarozhichi are the sons of Svarog. All of them are still so young that their souls are still being grown by Svarog. Therefore, in the new Summer Cycle, Svarog will continue to provide the young Gods with souls.
Other Higher Organisms - Creators of other branches Cosmic Life, build the sphere of Conception inside their Organism and improve according to their Technologies.
8. There are many souls in conservation below - in the lower spheres. There are about 3 billion of them. According to them it is accepted separate solution about transferring to the young Gods. It was also decided to create souls with a new gene structure this Summer of Svarog. This gene structure is more perfect, and it will further advance the evolutionary rise of the Svarog Organism.
9. Souls who do not want to develop will not force any of them. Each person decides how to evolve. But for everyone, the Cosmic Law works, which was created at a level above God. It is already known and says: you cannot remain at any level for more than 2 Cycles.
10. The distribution of souls is as follows:
- some of them will go to technical services;
- part will carry out the tasks of maintaining the shell of the Body - these are abundant spectra of love, characteristic only of the Body of God on the basis of magnetic attraction in the spectra of Love. If we consider young Organisms in general, they begin the construction of their Body with the construction of its shell. Therefore, they need, first of all, the spectra of Love. In particular, in Metatron’s Organism these spectra are given priority. Accordingly, they relay these spectra to Earth through Kryon and other representatives of the Hierarchy of Light. And in an attempt to use the resources of Svarog, they target them (the people of Earth) only for their self-organization.
- part will go into the mental area to improve the Supreme Mind of God;
- others will also leave, each with their own specialization to perform certain tasks that are necessary for the full functioning of the Organism;
- there will still be several million unincarnated souls left. But they will not incarnate yet, but will wait for their place in those bodies whose souls are subject to disposal. This is what they were created for.

L. V. Lvova, Ph.D. biol. sciences

The mystery of the human soul

Magazine "Provisor"

It has been going on for centuries undeclared war between supporters of two directions - organic and psychological. For centuries, people have been looking for a miracle cure for mental disorders. But hopes gave way to disappointments and everything started again...

War of two approaches

For many peoples, madness was considered one of the most terrible punishments. “When a deity prepares misfortune for a person, he first of all takes away his reason,” they said in Ancient Greece. But this approach did not suit everyone, and some tried to explain mental illness by psychological factors, others - by organic ones.

It is difficult to overestimate the contribution of Hippocrates and his school to the study mental illness. The great Greek was the first to understand how important the role of the brain is in our lives. “...From the brain and only thanks to the brain we get our pleasures, entertainment, laughter and jokes, as well as our suffering, pain, torment, tears. Therefore, I assert that the brain is the interpreter of consciousness,” he wrote in his treatise. In his opinion, intelligence exists due to the inhalation of air that circulates inside the brain, and excess humidity, heat or cold leads to madness. If these three principles are balanced, then the mind should become clearer.

The doctors of the “Hippocratic circle” were able to describe with amazing accuracy organic toxic delirium, symptoms of depression, which they called melancholy, phobia, childbirth insanity, and hysteria. The cause of melancholy, in their opinion, was the accumulation of black bile. But the development of hysteria was facilitated by a wandering uterus, which had lost its ligaments with the pelvis (by the way, the view of hysteria as a purely female disease survived until the 17th century). From the standpoint of humoral theory, they identified four main psychological types: choleric, sanguine, melancholic and phlegmatic.

Mental health problems were of interest not only to doctors, but also to philosophers.

Pythagoras believed that intelligence and mental illness are localized in the brain, and his followers very often used music therapy to treat emotional disorders. Over the past centuries, a lot of information has been accumulated about the healing properties of music, but there are much fewer works revealing the mechanisms of its influence on humans. In 1987, M. D. Valchikhina and S. A. Gurevich suggested that the therapeutic effect of music is associated with its effect on biochemical processes. By that time, it was known that in many enzymes the turnover numbers (that is, the number of molecules processed by the enzyme per unit time) correspond to the frequencies of musical notes of the European scale, and since biochemical processes are systems of coupled enzymatic reactions, then, by influencing the slowest reaction, inhibiting the transformation process can influence the entire system as a whole. Realizing full well that the creation of a full-fledged theory was still very, very far away, they nevertheless allowed themselves to dream about creating a musical pharmacopoeia - a set of sound recipes. But let's return to the ancient Greeks.

Not a single philosopher, reflecting on the human soul, could help but think about the eternal question of the relationship between soul and body. Plato was no exception. In his opinion, the state of the body reflects the state of the soul, which is the source of life. The soul consists of rationality - the mind located closer to God - in the head, and of the irrational part, which resides in the body. The upper components of the irrational soul - courage, ambition, energy - live in the heart, and the lower ones - desires, inclinations, appetite - under the diaphragm. The internal organs act as “communicators” between different parts of the soul, and the “general management” of the body is exercised by the rational soul. Desires that the mind suppresses during waking hours can enter a person's dreams. Lower excitations are in constant conflict with the higher, organizing functions of the mind. The nature of these relationships ultimately determines a person’s behavior and, if for some reason the mind does not allow hidden desires to manifest themselves during wakefulness, they penetrate into dreams.

Whether Sigmund Freud was influenced by Plato's ideas or independently came to similar conclusions, biographers are silent, but the similarity of views is striking, and therefore the Greek philosopher can rightfully be called the forerunner of psychoanalysis. But he came too early, when the prerequisites for the practical application of his theory were not yet ripe. In the last century before Christ, there lived in Rome a doctor named Aretaeus. Observing mental patients, he noticed that manic and depressive states tend to repeat themselves, and there are clear intervals between them. Areteus was the first to describe the mental disintegration of personality, and, most importantly, he managed to understand that not all mental illnesses reduce the mental abilities of the patient. True, this fact was not recognized until the 20th century.

Aretaeus revived the Hippocratic tradition. The next step in the development of Roman medicine was made by Galen. It was he who traced the direction of the seven cranial nerves, identified the differences between sensory and motor nerves, developed a theory about the role of nerves in transmitting impulses from the brain and spinal cord, and discovered that damage to the brain leads to dysfunction on the opposite side of the body.

The development of practical psychotherapy in the Roman Empire was influenced to a certain extent by two philosophical trends in Greece - Epicureanism and Stoicism. Both the Stoics and the Epicureans were concerned with the question of achieving happiness. Both believed that happiness consisted in finding ataraxia - complete peace. The main difference was in the ways of achieving happiness: among the Stoics it was apathy, and among the Epicureans it was internal protection from vicissitudes. outside world. The ancients tried to get rid of anxiety, that is, emotional stress, with the help of philosophy, and modern man - with the help of tranquilizers, which are also known as “ataractis”.

Not being a doctor, Cicero drew attention to the fact that physical health can influence the mental state, and he saw the cause of “excitement” not in black bile, like Hippocrates, but “in a disturbance of peace, as is often observed with strong anger, fear or grief " Cicero defined the main criteria for the similarities and differences between physical and mental illnesses: although the mind, like the body, can be affected by illness with the appearance of complete health, illness of the body does not necessarily lead to errors in behavior, but illness of the mind does. Bring relief from mental disorders maybe philosophy. This is how Roman pragmatism was able to find practical application for purely theoretical science.

Practical psychiatry owes a lot to another Roman - Soranus. He devoted his whole life to the study of diseases of the mind, which he called phrenia (according to the ideas of that time, mental abilities were located in the diaphragm). Soran had no doubt that mental illnesses arise from disorders in the body, but he treated them with psychological methods, reducing the use of drugs to a minimum. Above all, he placed humane conditions for keeping patients and the establishment of friendly contact between doctor and patient.

The most remarkable discoveries in the field of psychology were made by St. Augustine, who noted that an important source of psychological knowledge is observation itself.

His parents were completely different people. The father, a pagan, a man of great passions, led a very free lifestyle, supported in his son thoughts of brilliant career, his mother, a well-behaved Christian, dreamed of converting him to the true faith. Differences in parental views became the cause of internal conflict. And a lot of time passed before he found his true path, devoting his life to the Church.

An excellent example of self-analysis without a psychoanalyst was his “Confession”. Having analyzed life path from infancy, he was able to understand the motivation for his actions and, ultimately, get rid of internal conflict and find peace.

Thus, fifteen centuries before the advent of psychoanalysis, Augustine brought to life Freud's basic principle: neurotic disorders can be overcome only through knowledge and discovery of their unconscious nature.

A new stage in the development of psychiatry begins in the 17th century. At that time, there lived a doctor named Sydenham in England. He was called "the prince of English doctors" and "the English Hippocrates." He described the symptoms of hysteria so accurately that even now it is very difficult to add anything. Sydenham noted that hysteria, a common and often chronic disease, affects not only women, but also men (although, yielding to prejudice, he called male hysteria hypochondria). He discovered that hysterical symptoms could simulate almost all forms of organic disease. For example, hysterical pain can be mistaken for renal colic, and hysterical convulsions for epileptic seizures. Hysterics may experience headaches with vomiting and psychogenically occurring “heart flutter.” But theoretical explanations of hysteria did not interest him at all.

The 17th century German specialist Georg Ernst Stahl also contributed to the development of psychiatry by proposing the clinical differentiation of mental disorders. Its essence is that some mental disorders, as well as physical ones, can arise from purely psychological causes and they can be distinguished from mental states that are based on organic damage (in particular, toxic delirium).

The greatest psychologist of that time was Baruch Spinoza. He believed that a person is able to decipher the laws of nature and the psyche, free himself from his passions and achieve perfection, or the desired goal of people is to gain inner freedom. In relation to the body, what contributes to its self-preservation is good, and what harms it is bad. It is the desire for self-preservation that determines human behavior.

Spinoza came close to the concept of the dynamic subconscious, suggesting that the basis of mental processes is the motivation of self-preservation: “The psyche tries, as far as possible, to identify those things that increase the strength of the body, and to avoid those things that reduce the strength of the body.” (S. Freud subsequently defined the property of the psyche to avoid recognizing disturbing ideas as “repression” aimed at reflecting anxiety and maintaining homeostasis.)

Spinoza's harmonious psychological system is surprisingly consonant with Freud's theory. What Freud calls mental health, Spinoza calls free reason. For him, as for modern psychoanalysts, the function of the intellect is integrative, covering a person’s motivations and feelings.

In the 17th century, Philippe Pinel proposed a classification of mental illnesses, which was based on observations of patients. He divided mental disorders into melancholia, mania without delirium, mania with delirium and dementia. He not only described hallucinations, unpredictable mood swings in psychotics and flights of fancy in manic patients, but also systematized the symptoms, distinguishing between disorders of attention, memory and judgment.

Pinel saw the cause of mental disorder in damage to the central nervous system(CNS) and at the same time he believed that strong emotional shocks could also lead to the disease. When treating Pinel gave preference psychological methods, attaching great importance to the relationship between doctor and patient.

In the 19th century, French physician Jean Moreau de Tours was the first to use elements of psychoanalysis to treat mental disorders. He convinced his colleagues that the basis of psychological understanding is introspection (self-observation). To better understand the condition of the patients, Moreau took hashish (later many psychiatrists used hallucinogens to experience a psychotic state). He believed that mental disorders can be understood through dreams, since they are of the same nature as hallucinations. Jean Moreau came very close to the concept of the “unconscious”: “...man is given two models of existence, two types of life. The first is our interaction with the outside world; the second is only a reflection of its inner essence, and it is nourished from its own deep sources. A dream is something like a no-man's land, where the outer world ends and the inner world begins. The absence of external influences gives power to the irrational forces of the mind, and free psychological processes", not restrained by reality, are inherent in both dreams and psychoses."

A mad man is alienated from the outside world and lives only for himself. inner life. During hallucinations, he sees and hears only what he wants to see and hear; reality does not affect him at all.

This approach is very close to Freud’s idea of ​​primary, primitive processes, when fantasy develops in its own way, regardless of external reality, and secondary processes, which are the result of rational thinking based on contact with reality.

The German psychiatrist Johann Christian Heinroth saw the cause of mental disorders in sin, which, in his understanding, was selfishness. He identified three levels of psychological processes. The lower one is instinctive forces and feelings (in psychoanalysis it corresponds to the concept “It”), the goal of which is pleasure. The second level of “Ego” (“I”) functions with the help of intellect. The “I” is exclusively occupied with itself, and its goals are appropriate - “safety in relation to the surrounding world” and “joy of life.” The highest level is conscience or “Super-We”, which develops from the “I” and arises as something alien, opposing the selfish aspirations of the “I”. According to Heinroth, achieving the full development of the “Super-We” is not given to everyone. Most often, the voice of conscience is weak, it remains a kind of foreign body, and life is a constant struggle between a person’s inherent egoism and his mind. Only those who have achieved mental health are complete unity inside the “I”, and mental disorder arises due to a conflict with “conscience”. Thus, in a very original way, Johann Christian Heinroth expressed the central concept of psychoanalysis - the idea between the unacceptable impulse (“It”) and conscience (“Super-Ego”).

Time passed. Data gradually accumulated on the functioning of the brain and its histological structure, and doctors tried to connect psychiatry with neurophysiology.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is rightly called the creator of the scientific physiology of higher nervous activity.

An adherent of the classical reflex theory, he supplemented it with the concept of a conditioned reflex. According to Pavlov, conditioned reflexes- these are reactions acquired in the process of individual development. The most complex functions of the brain develop from them. Based on the theory of conditioned reflexes, he created the doctrine of the types of higher nervous activity. It is interesting that the classification proposed by Pavlov fully corresponds to the classification of Hippocrates:

The scientist was interested in the problems of internal and external inhibition (by the way, the nature of internal inhibition remained incomprehensible to him, and he himself called it a “damned” question), the theory of sleep, experimental neuroses - and this is not a complete list of questions.

Unfortunately, his interpretation of conflicts based on the predominance of excitation or inhibition could not build a “bridge” between neurophysiological processes and psychological conflicts. And at the same time, the purely physiological concept of conditioned reflexes served behaviorism.

The Viennese neurologist, one of the leading European histopathologists of the late 19th century, Theodor Meinert, saw the cause of mental disorders in brain pathology. He was convinced that insufficiency of cerebral circulation leads to a state of excitement, and an excess of blood in the brain leads to depression, therefore, by using appropriate medications, the patient can be cured of mental disorder. Meinert proposed to classify mental diseases on the basis of histopathological studies.

Carl Wernicke, a student of Meynert, gained international fame with his book on aphasia (various forms of speech impairment). In patients with organic brain damage, he observed loss of short-term memory. Thus, it became possible to distinguish psychoses associated with organic brain damage from functional ones. Wernicke paid a lot of attention to toxic psychoses and disorders caused by senile changes in brain tissue. Such studies supported the hope that it would still be possible to explain mental disorders by histological damage to the nervous system.

Proponents of the organic approach, as a rule, were adherents of medicinal methods of treatment. But, as you know, there are exceptions to the rules.

French physician Jean Martin Charcot specialized in treating patients with hysteria. He was not at all interested in psychology, and he considered hysteria an organic disease of the nervous system and at the same time treated it with hypnosis. Charcot explained the effectiveness of hypnotic influence by the organic weakness of the nervous system of hysterics, assuring that only a patient suffering from hysteria can be hypnotized. His opponents, Libo and Bernheim, were of the opinion that hypnosis was based on suggestion, not organic disease, and that many people who did not suffer from hysteria could also be hypnotized. Experiments with post-hypnotic suggestion provided an excellent illustration. Boyle gave hypnotized subjects commands that they had to carry out after waking up. After emerging from the trance, they actually carried out them, completely without remembering that they had received instructions during hypnosis. Professor Charcot's student, Pierre Janet, developed his teacher's theory.

In his opinion, weakness of the nervous system leads to inadequate psychological stress and subsequent mental instability. Such mental weakness - psychasthenia - can occur as a result of exhaustion or shock. Hypnotizing patients, Janet noticed that many of them, under hypnosis, recalled episodes from their lives associated with the onset of neurotic symptoms. Sometimes such memories allowed the patient to get rid of neurosis. Janet could not explain why this was happening.

Unlike Charcot and Janet, P. J. Mobius believed in the psychological nature of hysterical symptoms, but at the same time did not believe that a therapeutic technique could be created on the basis of psychology. Mobius's research went beyond pure medicine, since more than anything else he was interested in the problem of creativity and talent. As a result, he put forward the concept of an outstanding degenerate (considering himself one) and wrote several pathobiographies of outstanding people.

Edouard Claparède, a psychologist by training, was interested in a lot of things. He did not ignore the phenomenon of dreams. Claparède believed that sleep is a protective mechanism that “cuts off the individual’s interest in the situation.” at this moment and thus ceasing activity.” It prevents the body from reaching a point of exhaustion. The study of sleep led him to study hysteria and to the conclusion that hysterical symptoms also have a protective function. The most interesting thing is that in animals he was able to identify symptoms similar to hysterical ones and successfully hypnotize goats and pigs!

Fight fire with fire

With the development of biological sciences, an understanding of the nature of organic and mental diseases gradually came.

IN late XIX and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. syphilis became the object of study by many psychiatrists and neurologists. It all started when Boyle and Kalmiel clinically described general paralysis - syphilis of the brain. A little later, Baillarger, Romberg and Westphal identified “clinical” differences between syphilitic injection of the spinal cord and the brain. Already in 1905, Fritz Schaudin discovered the causative agent - a spirochete in a primary genital lesion, and in 1913, Hideo Noguhi and Moor found a pale spirochete in the brain of syphilitic patients.

The next step was taken by Julius von Wagner-Jarek, who noticed that people suffering from syphilis went into remission when another acute infection occurred. This observation formed the basis for the treatment of cerebral syphilis by inoculation of malaria.

In 1917, influenza was rampant throughout the world. Many victims of the epidemic developed viral encephalitis with severe psychoneurological consequences.

In the first decades of the twentieth century, it became absolutely clear that the cause of mental disorders could be an infectious factor.

The study of diseases associated with malnutrition has also contributed to the understanding of psychotic disorders.

Vitamin B1 deficiency can cause mental changes, including loss of memory for recent events and a tendency to hallucinations; a congenital disorder of the metabolism of two important amino acids - phenylalanine and tryptophan - causes a delay in children mental development. With phenylketonuria, phenylalanine accumulates in the blood, and troptophan is not converted into the final product of metabolism - serotonin, which, as is known, being a neurotransmitter, plays important role in brain functioning. Galactosemia, a congenital deficiency of galactotransferase, also leads to mental retardation.

The endocrine system plays an important role in the regulation of body functions. Hypofunction of the thyroid gland in adulthood is accompanied by the development of myxidema, in which, along with mucous edema, morbid obesity, and a sharp decrease in basal metabolism, general brain disorders and mental disorders are observed. In this case, the use of thyroid medications has a fairly good effect. In early childhood, insufficient function of the thyroid gland leads to the development of a disease known in the literature as cretinism, which also causes profound changes in the psyche.

But here hormonal drugs are powerless - their use does not produce positive results.

When Frederick Benting first isolated insulin from the pancreas in 1922, he had no idea that this hormone would be used in the treatment of schizophrenia. But it so happened that patients with acute mental disorders began to be given insulin to improve appetite, and some doctors noticed the beneficial effect of small doses of insulin on the mood of patients. The very idea of ​​​​using the hormone to treat psychotics belongs to Manfred Sakel. For several years he observed morphine addicts at the Lichterfelde clinic in Berlin. Noticing that in the absence of the drug, patients became very agitated, he suggested that their condition was due to hyperactivity of the adrenal glands and thyroid gland. Sakel began searching for a drug that could counteract the increased activity of the endocrine system. He believed that this is how the tone of the sympathetic nervous system can be reduced (and as is known, the sympathetic system controls the body’s actions in extreme situations, and when the situation ceases to be extreme, it “transfers” its functions to the parasympathetic nervous system). It turned out that high doses of insulin somewhat weaken the hyperactive state, and then he decided to increase the dose even more in order to induce coma in overexcited patients, especially in “schizophrenic patients.” At the end of 1933, Sakel published the results of his experiments, indicating positive changes in the course of schizophrenia after insulin shock. This method, quite naturally, had not only supporters, but also opponents. One of the reasons for the rejection was that improvement was most often observed in patients in the early stages of the disease. And over the years, it became increasingly clear that at this stage, schizophrenics respond positively to almost any treatment. In the chronic stage, insulin shock (as well as other methods) is significantly less effective.

Psychiatrists' hopes for hormonal therapy were not fully justified. The search for another panacea led to the creation of another method shock therapy.

A new method of treating schizophrenia owes its “birth” to the “sacred disease” of the ancients - epilepsy.

In the late 1920s, the Hungarian psychiatrist Ladislaus Josev von Meduna noticed that the glial tissue of the brain in epileptics was thickened, while in schizophrenics there was a lack of glial structure. Based on these observations, Meduna came to the conclusion that schizophrenia and epilepsy were incompatible and decided that by using the convulsive factor, a schizophrenic could be cured.

In 1933, he first used camphor for treatment, and after some time, he switched to the less toxic synthetic drug metrazol.

Meduna spent almost 10 years developing his method, not knowing that back in the 18th century, some doctors recommended camphor for the treatment of mental disorders. The newly discovered treatment was not widely used because metrazol had a number of disadvantages: an unpredictable time interval between the administration of the drug and seizures, which were often so severe that they caused fractures.

In 1932, Ugo Cerletti, a pathologist at the Genoa neuropsychiatric clinic, while performing autopsies on deceased epileptics, noticed a compaction in a certain sector of the brain. He decided to check whether this compaction was the cause or, conversely, a consequence of epileptic seizures. Believing that drugs that cause seizures could lead to the formation of a lump, Cerletti decided to use electrical stimulation (it is difficult to understand what the logic of his reasoning was based on, but the fact remains a fact). Cerletti did not know that in 1755 the French physician J.B. Roy used electroconvulsive treatment in cases of psychogenic blindness, but he knew that convulsions in animals were experimentally induced in this way.

Having determined a safe dose of electricity in animals, he applied electric shock to a patient with schizophrenia. This first happened on April 5, 1938. Soon its advantages compared to metrazol and insulin were revealed, and the electroshock method became widespread.

Electroconvulsive therapy turned out to be quite effective in treating depression, but at the same time it did not eliminate the causes of underlying psychological disorder, but only alleviated the symptoms. Opinions about the mechanisms of action vary: some give preference to psychological factors, others to physiological ones. There is a psychological theory that states that the patient is so afraid of the treatment that he “runs away into health” so as not to experience this procedure again. There is a theory that treatment satisfies the patient's need for punishment, and supporters of another psychological theory It is believed that through severe muscle convulsions the patient releases his suppressed aggressive impulses. If you think about it, each of these concepts is quite vulnerable, but physiological theories are no less vulnerable. Claims that electric shock stimulates the hypothalamus and through it the sympathetic nervous system, or that it stimulates the adaptive response of the adrenal cortex, have not stood up to scrutiny: practical observations indicate that specific sympathetic stimulants or corticosteroid hormones do not cure mental disorders.

The most plausible explanation of the mechanism of electric shock was proposed by F. Alexander.

The post-shock state is characterized by loss of memory for recent events, which may include events that caused or accelerated the development of psychosis. This allows the patient to return to a pre-depressive state. When the memory returns (which happens sooner or later, since brain damage caused by electric shock is reversible), the disease tends to return.

In the 1940s, psychosurgery was often recommended for patients with irreversible psychoses that were not amenable to shock therapy. Perhaps the main role in the development of this very unique method of treating the mentally ill was played by Egas Moniz, professor of neurology at the University of Lisbon.

Observing patients suffering from functional psychosis, Moniz “was especially struck by the fact that some mental patients suffering from melancholia and obsessive states lead a very limited existence within a narrow circle of ideas that, dominating everything else, are constantly spinning in the patient’s diseased brain.” . He saw the only way out of this situation in changing the frontal part of the brain. Since the thalamus is responsible for transmitting sensory sensations to the cerebral cortex, and the prefrontal lobe is responsible for interpreting sensory experience and translating it into consciousness, using the connection between the thalamus and the frontal lobes should provide the desired effect. In 1935, with the help of the Portuguese surgeon Almaida Lima, Moniz brought his idea to life by performing a lobotomy on a mental patient.

Subsequently, it turned out that the operated patients not only became calmer, but often, losing their individuality, they practically turned into serene “zombies.” Moreover, lobotomy did not bring the slightest relief to patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is impossible to get rid of the consequences of such “treatment” - surgical intervention irreversibly crippled the brain, and soon lobotomy was no longer used.

Medicine is different from medicine

In 1826, Balard discovered bromides. Two decades later, they began to be used in psychiatric practice. And in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Medical experience has shown that with the help of bromides the state of agitation can be significantly alleviated. By the mid-20s, some American psychiatrists believed so much in their healing properties that in the pages of the official journal of the American Psychiatric Association they stated that a drug had finally been found that could alleviate the symptoms of disordered behavior. But soon, as often happens in the treatment of mental disorders, disappointment set in.

In the 1930s, Indian doctors S. Siddiqui and R. Siddiqui isolated five main alkaloids from a plant known in Europe as Rauwolfia serpentina. Two other Indian scientists have described the use of this plant for psychosis. By the way, in the tropical countries of the East, the snake plant has long been used as an antidote for snake bites and as a cure for sleepwalking and madness.

In the early 50s. French psychiatrist Jean Dalay reported positive effect chlorpromazine, one of the phenothiazine derivatives, in the treatment of psychotic patients. Soon another drug appears - meprobomate.

It all started when F. M. Berger discovered that the effect of mephenesine, which was used to treat muscle spasms in acute delirious states, was short-lived. He succeeded in synthesizing a related chemical called meprobomate. The new drug had a mild tranquilizing effect and had a longer lasting effect compared to mephenesin.

Since all these drugs did not significantly change consciousness, memory or intelligence, the therapeutic effect of tranquilizers was explained by their influence on the subcortical areas - the hypothalamus, limbic system and reticular formation.

Each drug has its own characteristics. Phenothiazines appear to inhibit reticular formation signaling, which is why they are effective in anxiety disorders. Rauwolfia compounds have less pronounced sedative properties, appearing to primarily affect the hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system. Side effects (constriction of the pupil, decreased blood pressure) are apparently due to the fact that these tranquilizers suppress the sympathetic nervous system. Meprobomate, apparently, acts in a completely different way. Most likely, it slows down the rate of transmission of impulses from the thalamus to the cortex.

It is not surprising that tranquilizers are ineffective for depression, because their task is to reduce the reaction to a stimulus, and people suffering from depression are already over-calm and inactive. In these cases, antidepressants come to the rescue. Many of them cause an increase in the content of neurotransmitters in synapses. By the way, in the 50s the effect of lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD) was intensively studied. It turned out that due to its similarity to serotonin, LSD is able to block serotonin receptors and thereby neutralize some of the pharmacological effects of serotonin. Therefore, it has been suggested that disturbances in serotonin metabolism can lead to mental illness. But let's get back to antidepressants.

In the 50s, a new stimulant appeared - amphetamine. The proposed mechanism of action is due to its similarity to norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that can be formed from tyrosine directly in the brain. Amphetamine displaces norepinephrine from the depot and blocks its absorption by nerve fibers. Since all events most likely unfold in the tiny blue region of the spinal column, Locus coeruleus, which is connected not only to the limbic system responsible for emotions, but also to the cerebral cortex, amphetamine stimulates both emotions and higher cognitive functions and thus increases excitability .

The mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is somewhat different. By binding to protein molecules at synapses, they increase the ability of GABA, a neurotransmitter that performs inhibitory functions, to connect with neighboring centers of the same protein molecule. There are especially many such connecting centers in the limbic system, therefore, in the presence of diazepines, its abnormally high activity, which a person experiences as fear and anxiety, is suppressed.

In the 80s, a new group of antidepressants appeared - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They are actively used in drug treatment practice. Potential mechanisms of action of SSRIs have been explained using the hypothesis of central serotonin deficiency in alcoholism.

To treat mental disorders associated with alcoholism - depression and schizophrenia - and to relieve manifestations of alcohol withdrawal, an antipsychotic, a derivative of thioxanthene-flupenthixol, is used. It has a broad spectrum of action, but the clinical effect largely depends on the dose. In small doses (up to 3 mg), the drug has an antidepressant, anti-anxiety and activating effect, reduces psychosomatic symptoms. In moderate doses (3–40 mg), it exhibits an antipsychotic effect, reducing delusions and hallucinations. Flupenthixol decanoate (depot injection) reduces craving for the drug in cocaine addiction.

Recently, many people have been suffering from endogenous depression, which occurs due to disturbances in the neuropsychic activity of the body. The commonly used SSRIs for their treatment are fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Fevarine), paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Antidepressants have thymoleptic, sedative-anxiolytic (tranquilizing) and stimulating effects, that is, they affect the emotional component of depression (depressive mood), the manifestation of anxiety, increased irritability, anxiety-phobic states and symptoms of indifference, decreased ability to work, and interest in the environment. Each of the four drugs, as it turned out, has individual characteristics of the spectrum of action: all three components of the antidepressant effect are most evenly represented in Prozac; Praxil and fevarin have the most pronounced thymoleptic effect, and Zoloft has a thymoleptic and tranquilizing effect. Since all SSRIs have similar biochemical mechanisms of action, the observed differences are apparently due to the individual characteristics of the carbocyclic compounds and radicals complementing the benzene ring underlying their chemical structural formula.

Alprazolam (Alzolam), which combines a mild tranquilizing effect with an antidepressant effect, has proven itself to be effective in the treatment of neurotic depression. Alzolam is a benzodiazepine derivative containing a triazole ring. It inhibits the activity of monoamine oxidase, which inactivates catecholamine mediators, and has a slight anticholinergic effect. The therapeutic effect of the drug is probably due to its binding to specific receptors in various parts of the central nervous system.

Healers of human souls

While practicing hypnosis, Freud realized the limitations of this method of treatment. On the one hand, not every person can be hypnotized; on the other hand, the therapeutic effect is often transient: in place of a disappeared symptom, another appears. Freud did not immediately manage to understand that hypnosis does not eliminate the main cause of the disease - the resistance of consciousness to unbearable thoughts, and therefore the relief is temporary. Realizing this, he began to look for a way to overcome the resistance of consciousness to negative experiences and gradually came to the method of free associations.

The essence new technology Freud's idea was that he suggested that patients throw away conscious control over their thoughts and say whatever comes to mind. Such sessions brought the patient to forgotten events, which he not only remembered, but also experienced again emotionally. The response during free association is essentially similar to the state experienced during hypnosis, but it is not as intensely expressed, and since negative information enters consciousness in portions, the conscious “I” is able to cope with emotions, gradually cutting a path through subconscious conflicts. Freud called this process “psychoanalysis.”

Noticing that patients often referred to their dreams during sessions, Freud became interested in dreams. A few years later, he summarized the results of his observations in the book “The Interpretation of Dreams.” According to Freud's theory, dreams are an attempt to relieve emotional tension that accumulates during the day due to unfulfilled aspirations, and the sleeper frees himself from them by imagining a picture of the satisfaction of his desires. In adults, desires, as a rule, are suppressed by internal conflicts, which are often the result of unfulfilled aspirations of adolescence due to the negative attitude of parents towards them (this is an alien “I” or “It”). In dreams, adults express the desires of their alien “I” in a veiled form, and such a compromise allows one to bypass the internal conflict.

The method of free association and dream interpretation provided the key to understanding psychopathology, since both dreams and their psychopathological phenomena express unconscious subconscious processes.

An analysis of the accumulated material led Freud to the idea that the basis of many neuroses is the Oedipus complex - the unconscious attraction of a child to a parent of the opposite sex. The “libido theory” created by Freud refuted traditional views of the sexual instinct as an instinct for procreation, which caused rejection among colleagues and the general public.

The scientist explained the essence of neurotic and psychotic symptoms using the concepts of “consolidation” and “regression.”

Reinforcement is the tendency to retain behaviors, feelings, and thoughts that have worked well in the past, while regression is the tendency to return to the most successful skills developed in the past when a situation arises that requires new skills. Neurotics have a special tendency to regression, and neurotic symptoms are disguised lesions of former habits of the “id”, which are unacceptable in the present situation. To prevent the outdated tendencies of the “It” from breaking through, the “I” uses defense mechanisms. The most important among them:

All these mechanisms serve to avoid conflict between social essence the individual with his internal, primitive aspirations. An important point in psychoanalytic treatment is “transference,” when the patient not only remembers, but also transfers to the doctor the feelings that he experienced for people from his past who meant a lot to him. Experiencing and reproducing initial neurotic reactions allows the patient, using his adult experience, to overcome childhood experiences that led to the development of the disease.

Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychiatrist, the creator of “individual psychology,” like Freud, believed that the causes of neuroses lie in childhood and are associated with the unconscious. But there was one very significant difference in their theories. Adler argued that the determining factor is not the sexual instinct, but the desire for power, the achievement of superiority, with which a person seeks to compensate for feelings of inferiority. The task of the psychotherapist is to explain to the patient why he is mistaken. According to Adler, the only way to recover is to form socially significant interests (in other words, you can only gain health by getting rid of selfishness). Never imposing his opinion, he tried to ensure that the patient himself came to the right decision. In the 20s the concepts of Freud and Adler were widely accepted on “both sides of the ocean.”

Carl Gustav Jung used both theories when treating patients, “recognizing their relative correctness,” but there were facts that did not fit into either of them. Changes were needed.

Jung believed that the unconscious consists of two parts. The personal unconscious includes “all mental contents forgotten during life, all subconscious impressions and perceptions, and all mental contents compatible with the conscious attitude.” The latter are inaccessible to consciousness due to their imperfection (moral, aesthetic or intellectual). The superpersonal or collective unconscious contains an "archaic mental product" that can manifest itself in the dreams of a healthy person. Very often observed in psychosis: “the patient has bizarre thoughts, everything around him seems to have changed, the faces of those around him are alien and distorted.” If the doctor manages to remove these painful images from consciousness, the patient will feel relief. With neuroses the situation is different. Often, a difficult experience displaces some “properties necessary for life.” Thus, a complex appears in the personal unconscious, and a person may experience neurosis. If the psychotherapist manages to bring him into consciousness, the patient will get rid of the disease. The principles of analytical psychology created by Jung, his doctrine of psychological types and the version of the associative experiment he developed were adopted by psychotherapists, psychoanalysts and psychologists.

In 1958, Carl Jung wrote: “Although it is not yet possible for our understanding to find the bridges connecting each other between the visibility and tangibility of the brain and the seeming ethereality of mental images, there is an undoubted certainty of their existence.” Alas, these bridges have not yet been found. The search continues.

Literature

1. Alexander F., Selesnik S. Man and his soul: knowledge and healing from antiquity to the present day. - Moscow, 1995.
2. History of foreign psychology. - M.: Moscow University Publishing House, 1986.
3. Adler A. The Science of Living. - Kyiv, 1997.
4. Jung K. G. Psychology of transference. Wackler, Refl-book, 1997.
5. Mukhin A. A. Treatment of alcoholism: possibilities of using new psychotropic drugs. - Modern Psychiatry. - No. 1. - 1999. - P. 19–24.
6. Panteleeva G. P., Abramova L. I., Korenev A. N. Comparative characteristics therapeutic effectiveness of a new generation of antidepressants from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. - Modern Psychiatry. - No. 6. - 1998. - P. 12–17.

It is unlikely that anyone will argue with the fact that a body devoid of consciousness is just an empty shell. Not long ago, scientists discovered that even in patients in a coma, the brain continues to partially function. However, is thinking related to the brain? Recently, scientists have doubted that our consciousness is even part of the body.

A group of American researchers led by anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff announced that they were able to prove the possibility of the existence of the soul after death. In his report, Hameroff argues that our soul is something more fundamental than a collection of neural connections. “I think that consciousness, or its predecessor, has always existed in the Universe, perhaps since the Big Bang,” says the scientist.

Thus, the soul is not at all born with a person, but only moves into our body from somewhere outside, and leaves it when we die. Therefore, at the moment of dying, our consciousness records “ White light” or “tunnel” - this is the soul “flying away” into the vastness of the Universe, where it was originally located.

True, this is not proof yet, but rather a hypothesis. But numerous cases of reincarnation (when people “remember” their “past lives”, talk about things that could only be known to their “predecessors”), as well as the belief in the transmigration of souls, characteristic of Eastern teachings, indirectly indicate that Hameroff and his colleagues may be right. By the way, this theory perfectly explains the fact that a coma state can sometimes change a person’s personality - but what if another quantum entity simply inhabits him? Well, of course, we are more accustomed to calling it the soul...

Indirect evidence of the existence of the soul, that is, a certain out-of-body substance, was recently obtained by Peter Fenwick from the London Institute of Psychiatry and Sam Parina from Southampton Central Clinic. After studying the medical records of 63 patients who experienced clinical death due to cardiac arrest, they found that none of them had a decrease in oxygen concentration in the tissues of the central nervous system after the cessation of brain activity. But if the brain did not control the body, then what controlled it?

In turn, American cardiologist Michael Sub compared the stories of 116 people who also went through clinical death with real events, which took place at a time when they were “beyond consciousness.” And it turned out that these patients often described in detail the actions of doctors over their lifeless bodies, and sometimes what was happening in other places, for example, in neighboring wards or even at their home... In general, there is no doubt that there is a certain substance that is connected to our body, but at the same time is able to function independently of it. This is the soul or consciousness.

What about the brain? It is curious that this organ makes up only two percent of the body's volume, but at the same time consumes up to 50 percent of all the energy produced by the body. This may indicate that the brain is the receiver through which consciousness communicates with the body. When the “battery” dies, consciousness also turns off. Or rather, it is present, but outside the body. And in old age, people begin to think worse, since the body can no longer produce the amount of energy sufficient to maintain the functioning of the brain... In a word, the brain is not a source of consciousness at all, but a transmitter.

But where do our souls, or rather our disembodied selves, live when they are outside the body? It is unlikely that we can talk about any specific habitat here. Yes, they can sometimes be seen in the form of ghosts in different places, including those where a person often visited during his lifetime. But science still doesn’t really know anything about the nature of ghosts. It is possible that they, or at least part of them, have nothing to do with real “souls” and are only creations of someone’s consciousness, visions and so on. As for the question: “Where does the soul go after death?” - then, in order to answer it, one should think in completely different categories than the concepts of space and even time that are familiar to us.

The mystery of death has always worried the human mind. Perhaps each of us is afraid of death, this dark and ominous edge of inevitability. Materialists believed that behind death lies the most terrible thing - non-existence, and the existence of any person, compared to the eternity of the Universe, is just a short moment.

Such brevity of human existence in comparison with the eternity of the universe may simply seem like a mockery of the Creator.

Awareness of the purpose of the existence of man and his soul on Earth provides us with the opportunity to step over the brink of doom.

If a person during his life strives to receive maximum benefits exclusively for himself, then his soul cannot in any way be considered exalted, and a positive personality will show the best spiritual qualities even in the face of death.

Thus, the fear of death makes some people even worse and meaner, while others - higher and nobler.

In addition, the death of a person is a huge stimulus for the struggle for life; it develops willpower in the individual and the desire to overcome difficulties. This is why it can be argued that death is also a great Teacher.

Reasons and death process

There are two main causes of death: premature and death at the end of a person’s natural life span. In the second case, a person can be compared to a lamp that has run out of oil and there is no longer any way to prevent it from leaving, but only to prepare for it.

The process of death is also described in detail in various Tibetan teachings, according to which the process consists of external and internal decay. If you listen to the testimonies of eyewitnesses who experienced clinical death, we can distinguish the following stages:

1. Denial

Reaction: “No, not me” is the most common and predictable reaction in a person when a fatal diagnosis is announced. Depending on how much support a person receives from his loved ones, and how much he is able to take control of events, this stage is overcome easier or more difficult.

2. Anger

During the second stage, the dying person vents his anger on those caring for him and on everyone in general. healthy people, because he cannot yet accept his fate and is tormented by the question: “why exactly should I die?”

3. "Bargaining"

A dying man gets into a debate with higher powers and asks to extend own life: for example, promises to be an ideal believer. The first three stages characterize a period of crisis and can develop with frequent relapses.

4. Depression and acceptance of death

At this stage, a person is no longer worried about any questions; he has already come to terms with the idea of ​​approaching death. The dying person now simply humbly awaits his death.

Secrets of the structure of the soul. How souls are distributed

The soul of all people has a spherical shape. This is a matrix surrounded by energy bodies.

The location of the individual soul is the same for everyone - it is superimposed on the physical body in the solar plexus.

Some time before death, Strength Subtle world(Angels) begin to disconnect the soul from the body. At such moments, all painful sensations go away (even if the person’s illness was associated with severe pain), a feeling of joy, peace appears, and the fear of death goes away. This case is typical for bright man, but if a person is negative, then he begins to see dark creatures (devils, etc.).

Thus, before death, a person is visited by creatures who will take him after death: either to light or dark worlds (hells) for punishment.

A whole hierarchy of light beings is responsible for the objective distribution of souls after death. Everything is taken into account - right down to the thoughts in the head, to all the actions and secret thoughts of a person!

Most often, the human soul first rises to the place of distribution of souls, where all actions (achievements and sins) are weighed to determine subsequent fate. This process lasts approximately 40 days.

The soul is then subjected to the following transformations:

1. If a person is destined for the next incarnation, his soul is placed in a new body of an infant.

2. The soul can be sent to the Light Worlds (Paradise), and the higher the level of the soul, the longer period between further incarnations.

3. The lost soul of a vicious person is sentenced to be sent to underground worlds. The negativity accumulated by a person throughout his life is burned out in hellish fire so that the soul draws the necessary conclusions and no longer makes past mistakes. Then the soul is sent to the next incarnation, but it will not be “fairytale”. Working off past sins continues until the person changes.

4. But if a person lived the life of a criminal and brought only evil to those around him, then his soul immediately after death goes to the Dark Worlds (he simply falls underground). Moreover, the dark soul lingers there for a long time - sometimes for thousands of years. The prospect is unenviable...

What awaits the soul in judgment and purgatory. Last Judgment

As a rule, the trial takes place on the 40th day after death, but sometimes it can be extended to 2 - 2.5 months. After the trial, depending on how many pros and cons the soul has accumulated during its life, it is sent either to Purgatory or for decoding.

The Last Judgment occurs after the completion of the next cycle of development of souls, that is, during the period of change of civilizations. At the Last Judgment, even the slightest weaknesses are not forgiven to souls, and the Highest Teachers are especially strict in assessing the qualities of souls. When a certain percentage of marriage is detected, the soul is taken out of evolution, such a life turns into complete emptiness, and instead of eternal existence, oblivion awaits it. Earthlings had only 5 Global Courts (according to the number of civilizations on Earth). They are distinguished from ordinary ones by the colossal number of souls sent for decoding.

In Purgatory, the souls of some people undergo purification, those who have sinned more are tortured for longer, and those who are not subject to development are destroyed through decoding due to their greater sinfulness.

How does decoding happen?

Souls are decoded by special machines controlled by Essences. The disassembly process occurs through a computer, the soul is disassembled and disappears forever as a person.

When decoding, the soul feels like it is being split into pieces and experiences severe torment - in fact, as if the body is being torn apart.

Control your actions, desires and thoughts - take care of the immortality of the soul!