The coldest part. The coldest places on earth. The coldest place in the world that does not belong to Russia

In these places, despite the average annual sub-zero temperature and record frosts in winter, people very rarely suffer from ARVI. Viruses and bacteria do not coexist here, but people feel good. The list of the top 10 coldest cities in the world included 5 at the same time, excluding o. Spitsbergen, as well as a domestic research station in Antarctica. Which confirms that Russia is the most cold country on the planet.

10. Vostok Station – a city of polar explorers and penguins

An inland Arctic station that has existed since 1957. The location is a small town consisting of several complexes, including residential and research modules, as well as technological buildings.

Having arrived here, a person begins to die, everything contributes to this: temperatures up to -90C, low concentration of oxygen, solid snow whiteness causes blindness. Here you cannot make sudden movements or experience prolonged physical exercise- all this can lead to pulmonary edema, death, and guaranteed loss of consciousness. When the Arctic winter sets in, the temperature drops below -80C, under such conditions gasoline thickens, diesel fuel crystallizes and turns into a paste, human skin dies within minutes.

9. Oymyakon is the coldest settlement on the planet

Absolute minimum: -78С, maximum: +30С.

A small settlement located in Yakutia is considered one of the “cold poles” of the planet. This place is recognized as the harshest on Earth with a permanent population. In total, about 500 people settled down in Oymyakon. The sharply continental climate is characterized by hot summers and extremely cold winters, which is ensured by the distance from the oceans that warm the air. Oymyakon is also notable for the fact that the difference maximum temperatures, – and +, is more than one hundred degrees. Despite its administrative status - a village, the place is included in the world rankings of the coldest cities in the world. For the whole of Oymyakon there is one store, a school, a boiler room, and a gas station. People survive by raising livestock.

8. Verkhoyansk is the northernmost city of Yakutia

Absolute minimum: -68С, maximum: +38С.

Verkhoyansk is recognized as another “pole of cold” and constantly competes with Oymyakon for this title, the competition sometimes reaching the point of exchanging accusations and insults. In summer, the dry heat can suddenly change to zero or negative temperatures. Winter is windy and very long.

There are no asphalt surfaces; they simply cannot withstand the temperature difference. Population – 1200 people. People are engaged in reindeer herding, cattle breeding, forestry, and tourism in the local economy. The city has two schools, a hotel, local history museum, weather station, shops. The younger generation is engaged in fishing and mining mammoth bones and tusks.

7. Yakutsk is the coldest large city on Earth

Absolute minimum: -65, maximum: +38C.

The capital of the Republic of Sakha is located at the foot of the Lena River. Yakutsk is the only large city in the ranking of the coldest cities in the world where you can pay with a bank card, go to a SPA, a restaurant with Japanese, Chinese, European, or any cuisine. The population is 300 thousand people. There are about fifty schools here, several higher educational institutions, theaters, opera, circus, an innumerable number of museums, small and medium-sized industry is well developed.

This is also the only settlement in the ranking to which asphalt has been laid. In summer and spring, when the ice melts, the roads are flooded, and continuous canals similar to the Venetian ones are formed. Up to 30% of the world's diamond reserves are concentrated in these regions, and almost half of the Russian Federation's gold is mined. In winter, it is very difficult to bring a car into Yakutsk; you have to heat the fuel line with a flame or a soldering iron. Every local at least once in his life confused morning with evening and vice versa.

6. Norilsk is the northernmost city on the planet with a population of more than 150 thousand people.

Absolute minimum: -53С, maximum: +32С.

Industrial city, part of Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is recognized as the northernmost city on the planet, with a permanent population exceeding 150 thousand people. Norilsk is included in the Earth rating, which is associated with the developed metallurgical industry. A state higher education institution has been opened in Norilsk, and an art gallery operates.

Guests and local residents constantly face a number of problems: due to low temperatures in winter, cars are usually stored in heated garages or not turned off for a long time, the height of snowdrifts can reach the 3rd floor, the force of the wind can move cars and carry people away.

5. Longyearbyen - the tourist capital of Barentsburg Island

Absolute minimum: -43C, maximum: +21C.

This place is as far from the equator as the Vostok station. The world's northernmost airport with regular flights is located here - Svalbard. Longyearbyen is administrative unit Norway, but visa restrictions do not apply here - at the airport they put the mark “Departed from Norway”. You can get there by air or sea. Longyearbyen is the northernmost settlement with a population of more than a thousand people. The city can safely be called one of the coldest in the world, but it is more than suitable for a comfortable existence, compared to Verkhoyansk, for example.

What is noteworthy: it is forbidden to be born and die here - there are no maternity hospitals or cemeteries. The corpses, which are most often the result of an encounter between a person and a bear, are transported to the mainland. In the city, as on the entire island of Spitsbergen, two types of transport prevail - helicopter, snowmobile. The main activities of the locals are coal mining, dog sledding, skinning, and research activities. The island is home to the largest repository of male semen on the planet, which should save humanity in the event of a global catastrophe.

4. Barrow is the northernmost city in the USA

Absolute minimum: -47C, maximum: +26C.

Oil workers live here. The population of the city is 4.5 thousand people. In the summer, it is impossible to predict exactly what you will have to use to get to work tomorrow - by snowmobile or car. Snow and frost can come to the region at any time and replace the rare warm days.

Barrow is an atypical American town; here you can see tanned skins on houses and large bones of sea animals on the roads. There is no asphalt. But there is also a piece of civilization: a football field, an airfield, clothing and food stores. The city is drowning in the polar blues and ranks fourth among the coldest cities on the planet.

3. Murmansk is the largest city built beyond the Arctic Circle

Absolute minimum: -39C, maximum: +33C.

Murmansk is the only hero city located beyond the Arctic Circle. The only place in the Arctic where more than 300 thousand people live. The entire infrastructure and economy is built around the port, one of the largest in Russia. The city is heated by the warm Gulf Stream, which comes from the Atlantic Ocean.

Local residents do not deny themselves anything; there are McDonalds, Zara, Bershka, and many other stores, including the largest Russian supermarket chains. A developed hotel network. The roads are mostly asphalted.

2. Nuuk - the administrative center of Greenland

Absolute minimum: -32C, maximum: +26C.

From Nuuk to the Arctic Circle it is 240 kilometers, but the warm ocean current warms up the local air and soil. About 17 thousand people live here, who are engaged in fishing, construction, consulting, and science. There are several higher educational institutions in the city. In order not to plunge into depression associated with the climate, the houses are painted in different colors, gilding is often found on the streets, municipal transport is replete with bright signs. Something similar can be found in Copenhagen, which was not included in the ranking of the coldest cities on Earth due to warm currents.

1. Ulaanbaatar is the coldest capital of the state on the planet

Absolute minimum: -42C, maximum: +39C.

Ulaanbaatar - first place in Central Asia from the list of the coldest cities on the planet. Local climate– sharply continental, which is explained by the very large distance from ocean currents. The capital of Mongolia is located much further south than all representatives of the rating, except for the Vostok station. More than 1.3 million people live here. The level of infrastructure is far ahead of the rest of Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar closes the ranking of the coldest cities on the planet.

First, let's look at the question "Why is it cold in winter?" Our planet, as we know, revolves around the Sun and many would be right in linking the change of seasons and this movement of the Earth. But this is only half the truth. The second half of it is that the change of seasons is also influenced by the rotation of the Earth around its axis.

As a result, these two rotations give the following result: the planet not only moves away from the Sun or approaches it, but also “exposes its sides” to the sun’s rays at different angles. At the equator, for example, the angle of incidence sun rays always the same and therefore it is always warm and light there. But closer to the poles the angle is different and the seasons change there regularly.

In addition, with the approach of winter, the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which prevented heat from escaping, decreases, and falling snow reflects most sunlight, preventing ground objects from absorbing them and heating up.

North and South Poles

Many people will say that the poles are the coldest places on the planet. And they will be right and wrong at the same time. And, oddly enough, it is warmer at the North Pole than at the South Pole. Let's explain why.

We need to start with how the poles differ in addition to their geographical location. Arctic - North Pole- represents the ice-covered expanses of the Northern Arctic Ocean. With the onset of summer in the northern hemisphere of our planet, this ice partially melts. In addition, a significant role in temperature conditions Warm currents also play in the region, the Gulf Stream, for example. All in all, average temperature in the Arctic in winter it is approximately -34°C, and in summer it is even warmer there.

Things are completely different on the other side of the planet. Antarctica is not just the southernmost continent. It is also one and a half times the area more Europe and in two - Australia, and, in addition to everything, it is covered with a non-melting ice shell. Yes and especially warm currents does not pass nearby.

In geography lessons they always teach that it is always colder on the mainland than on the sea. Add to this the eternal ice cover, reflecting almost 95% sunlight, lack of warm currents and here you are full picture. According to scientists, the average temperature southern continent is -49°C.

Where is it coldest

If we start compiling a ranking of the coldest places on our planet, the picture we get is as follows: the permanent leader will be Antarctica, followed by the coldest places in the Northern Hemisphere. Here are the top five of these regions.

Antarctica. Station "Vostok", Yuzhny district Magnetic Pole Earth.

The Vostok-1 research station was founded on December 16, 1957 by the outstanding Soviet scientist and polar explorer V.S. Sidorov, who subsequently served as the head of the station for a long time.

The lowest temperature was recorded at the station on July 21, 1983 and was -89.2 degrees Celsius. And the warmest day during the entire operation of the station remains the day of its foundation - December 16, 1957. Then the thermometer showed -13.6°C.

Yakutsk

The capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), a port on the Lena River. The city was founded by a detachment of the Yenisei centurion P. Beketov in 1632. The largest city in terms of population in northeast Russia. Yakutsk is considered the coldest city on earth. The average annual temperature here is +10°C. The average January temperature is -41°C. And the absolute minimum in the entire history of meteorological observations is –64°C degrees. Is it true, last time Such frosts were recorded as early as 1946.

Verkhoyansk

Verkhoyansk is a settlement in Yakutia, located within the Arctic Circle. Historically, Verkhoyansk was a place of exile for political prisoners. The first to be exiled to Verkhoyansk was the poet Puzhitsky, a participant in the Polish uprising. On January 15, 1885, the exiled S. Kovalik, using the equipment of a meteorological station, recorded the minimum air temperature in the entire history of observations - 67.1 ° C. In 2005, a memorial plaque was unveiled in honor of the 120th anniversary of the recording of the absolute minimum temperature in the northern hemisphere.

Oymyakon

A village in the Oymyakonsky ulus (district - editor's note) of Yakutia, on the left bank of the Indigirka River. In the Sakha language it means “unfrozen water”, and is associated with a warm spring among permafrost. On January 26, 1926, a temperature of -71.2°C was recorded here. Such temperatures are associated with the location of the city - in a bowl between the mountains, where cold air collects. Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon still claim to be the pole of cold of the Northern Hemisphere. Today the palm is given to Verkhoyansk.

Greenland

Not only Russia can boast of regions with very low temperatures. Denmark, oddly enough, too. After all, it is this state that owns Greenland - the largest island in the world, located in the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. The area of ​​Greenland is over 2 million square kilometers. The ice reserves are so impressive that if they melt, the level of the world's oceans will rise not much, not less - by 7 meters. And if we talk about the temperature regime on the island, then in the center of Greenland the average February temperature does not rise above -47°C.

Despite such harsh conditions, even in the coldest places on our planet people live. And they definitely deserve a lot of respect. After all, not everyone is able to live and work in such conditions. Perhaps there will also be thrill-seekers eager to “feel” the severe frosts. Be that as it may, nature, as aptly observed, does not have bad weather.

Climatic and weather conditions on our planet are characterized by significant diversity. When at one end it rages blizzard, somewhere it's warm tropical rain or the scorching sun is shining. Do you know where the coldest place on earth is? If you ever decide to engage in extreme tourism or simply want to expand your horizons, be sure to read this kind of information.

Unofficial record holder

The coldest place on Earth is located in Antarctica, in the so-called ice dome. The thickness of this unique block of ice is approximately 2.5 kilometers, which represents the largest reserves of frozen water. This area is completely uninhabited, and research is not being conducted on its territory. It is generally accepted that temperatures down to minus 100 degrees Celsius can be recorded here, but there is no official confirmation of this information.

Recognized leader

Since the information described above is not confirmed by reliable sources and research, it is generally accepted that the coldest place on Earth is located on the territory of the Vostok polar station in Antarctica. It was here that the official minimum was recorded, amounting to 89.2 degrees Celsius (the record was set in 1983; according to some secret sources, 14 years later, the temperature dropped another two degrees lower).

An explanation for this phenomenon could be natural features local places:

• the thickness of the ice located under the station is approximately 3.5 kilometers (altitude above sea level);
• significant distance from the ocean;
• long period of polar night.

Negative temperatures are common in the area where the station is located; as a rule, even in summer the air does not warm up above minus 21 degrees.

The coldest inhabited cities

Where is the coldest inhabited place on Earth? You shouldn’t be surprised by this question; some people feel comfortable even in the harshest climatic conditions. The official data is as follows: the pole of cold is located in Russian Federation on the territory of Siberia. The leading positions in terms of the most extreme temperature indicators here are held by two settlements: Oymyakon and the city of Verkhoyansk.

A little more than a thousand people live in modern Verkhoyansk, this city is relatively young, located within the Arctic Circle, the first mention of it dates back to end of the XVIII centuries. At this time, convicts who violated the law or opposed state power. The air temperature in winter in this region, according to average indicators, is approximately minus 46 degrees. Record figures were recorded in 1885 (-67.8)

An even more difficult weather situation occurs in Oymyakon, located on the banks of the small Indigirka River. About 500 people live on its territory, who annually have to withstand truly severe cold. According to many years meteorological observations, winter temperatures in this area are significantly lower than in neighboring Verkhoyansk. The absolute minimum was recorded in 1926 and amounted to -71.2 degrees.

When answering the question, where is the coldest place on earth, you have to choose between these two settlements.

The coldest populous city

The large Russian city of Yakutsk, the center of the Sakha Republic, can easily claim the title “The coldest place on planet Earth.” The settlement was founded back in 1632, and today the number of its inhabitants has reached 250 thousand people. The townspeople easily tolerate frosts and are not afraid of even the most severe cold, so their bodies have adapted to difficult conditions. weather conditions. Dry figures from official statistics can confirm such a bold statement:

The kingdom of cold outside Russia

When searching for an answer to the question of where the coldest place on earth is located, you most often hear about various residential and non-residential locations on the territory of the Russian Federation, however, outside our country there are also areas of the kingdom of cold and ice. Of course, the island of Greenland can be considered such a place. The average temperature for individual altitudes in this area is minus 47 degrees (data recorded in the center of the island are averages for February).

How do people live in extreme conditions?

Who is he, a resident of the coldest place on earth? Of course, even in the most northern latitudes there are representatives of the world of flora and fauna, but we will talk about whether ordinary people can live in such an area.

At Vostok station all year round Polar scientists live, hundreds of the most ordinary people, defying the elements, frost and cold. What difficulties do you have to face? local residents? The greatest problems of northern life are usually associated with:

Being outside at very low temperatures is quite difficult, if not impossible. So, at minus 70 degrees, the liquid in a person’s eyes freezes, which means that for carrying out scientific research special uniform is required. Without such devices, even with milder indicators, you can stay on the street for no more than a quarter of an hour, and sometimes even 10 minutes. In addition, in extremely low temperatures, it is not recommended to try to run or breathe frequently and deeply. Experts advise paying significant attention to shoes; for example, platform models with the thickest soles are in high demand in this case.

It is difficult to determine reliably which places are the coldest on Earth. Initially, everything seems quite simple - you just need to find information on temperatures and then compare them. But how to accurately determine the location? Antarctica is, of course, the coldest place on Earth, but is it worth considering it as a whole? Or how many different items? Should we take the lowest recorded temperature, or the average for the year? There are many issues that make it difficult to create this list flawlessly. But this list contains the Top 10 places where you will definitely feel what real cold is like.

Vostok Station, Antarctica

Of course, the number one coldest place is Antarctica. Vostok is a Russian weather station that holds the record for the lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth - minus 53.67 degrees Celsius. This temperature was recorded on July 21, 1983, although some claim that in 1997 it dropped to 55.56 degrees. The warmest month here is January, with an average temperature of -3.44 degrees, and average values ​​during winter months are minus 26.67 degrees. This place is located at an altitude of 3,488 m above sea level, with minimal oxygen and no humidity. Vostok Station is considered one of the most dangerous, inhospitable and unpleasant places in the world.

Northais in Greenland

Next place is much less well known on the list. Northays in Greenland was a research station for a British expedition in the 1950s that successfully recorded the coldest temperature in North America. A temperature of -66.1 degrees Celsius was recorded in North Ice on January 9th, 1954. Cold temperatures persist here to this day, so North Ice is unlikely to become a popular tourist destination anytime soon.

Ismitte in Greenland

To be fair, it is worth noting that Ismitte (literally “Middle of the Ice” in German) is devoid of any buildings and signs of civilization. In the 1930s, an expedition was sent here to take temperature measurements. In February, the coldest month, the temperature here drops to -64.9 °C. These studies came at a very heavy price. In 1930-1931, the mission claimed the lives of Alfred Wegener and Rasmus Villumsen, while another team member had his toes amputated without pain relief. These are sufficient reasons to discourage any desire to visit these places.

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

The most populated place on our list, the capital of Mongolia is considered the coldest capital in the world and one of the most polluted. The city is located at an altitude of 1,310 m above sea level, and is home to 1,278,000 people. There are interesting sights here, but you won't want to linger outside with the average January temperature of -25 degrees Celsius (which can easily drop to -42 degrees).

Eureka in Canada

This research settlement has no permanent residents, but only 8 staff members. Eureka has been used as a weather station since its founding in 1947. It's not the most glamorous place to work, with no sunshine from October to February and an average annual temperature of -16 degrees Celsius. The area is also a polar desert, with no rainfall from October to May. Despite this, many plants and animals are present here, which is why Eureka is called the “Garden of the Arctic.” It is not only one of the coldest places on Earth, but also a place of great contrasts.

Oymyakon, Russia

When it comes to cold weather, Russia definitely ranks major league. A record high was registered in Oymyakon low level at -67.78 degrees Celsius, which is the lowest recorded temperature for a permanently inhabited place on Earth. The record was recorded on February 6th, 1933. With a population of 472 people, the settlement is quite large compared to some of the others on the list.

Snow in Yukon, Canada

What about the coldest temperature in continental North America? The record belongs to the village of Snedge in Canada, where on February 3, 1947, a temperature of -62.78 degrees Celsius was recorded. The settlement is currently uninhabited, as living conditions here are quite harsh.

Prospect Creek, Alaska

This frigid place is currently uninhabited, but it was once home to several thousand construction workers who built the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System between 1974 and 1977. The campground was disbanded after the pipeline was completed and now there is no one to enjoy the average daily temperatures of -26 degrees Celsius in January. The lowest temperature recorded in Rogers Pass was -62 degrees (in January 1971).

Stanley, Idaho, USA

This Idaho city has a population of only 63 people. The record low of -47 degrees was recorded here in December, but Stanley is called the city of extremes because temperatures can be quite high during the warmer months of summer. The city has its own museum, mayor and even its own chamber of commerce - not bad for a population of 63 people!

Rogers Pass in the USA

Rounding out the list of the coldest places on Earth is Rogers Pass in Montana, USA. Located at an altitude of 5,610 m above sea level, Rogers Pass is one of the most... warm places on the list. The average temperature in January currently ranges between -10 and 0 degrees, but on January 20, 1954, a record of -57 Celsius was recorded here.

February 7, 2015 | Categories: Places , Topper , Nature

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06/21/2016 at 22:30 · Pavlofox · 9 290

The coldest places on Earth

The top 10 included coldest places on earth with record low temperatures ever recorded. Among them there are both populated areas and lands absolutely unsuitable for life. Russia has become the undisputed leader among countries in terms of the number of coldest regions, since many of its villages are located in the permafrost zone.

10.

(USA) - the northernmost populated urban area North America opens a list of the coldest places on Earth. The city is located in a permafrost region. The soil here can freeze up to 400 meters deep. Barrow's climate is not only cold, but also dry. The winter season is considered extremely dangerous to life, since severe frosts are associated with strong winds. About three months a year the temperature exceeds 0 degrees, but does not rise above plus 4 degrees. Even in summer there are frosts here. The average annual temperature in Barrow is -12 degrees. The lowest temperature occurs in February and is -49°C. A special feature of the permafrost city is that the sun practically does not appear here from November to February.

9.

The next American city (USA) also has the right to bear the title of the coldest place on the planet. Americans call this locality “The Refrigerator of the Nation” for a reason: temperatures in the warmest month (July) can be 0 degrees, and in the coldest month (January) they reach 49 degrees below zero.

8.

(Kazakhstan) ranks eighth on the list of the coldest places on the planet and second among the coldest capitals in the world. IN winter time year, the mercury column can drop to -52 degrees. Winters here are very cold and long. The frost period begins in November and lasts until April. Typical for summer heat, which can reach +41°C. The annual average is 3 degrees above zero.

7.

The city (Komi Republic) can bear the title of the coldest place in the world, which is located in the permafrost zone. The settlement has a subarctic climate and belongs to the Far North. Frosts are observed here for 10 months of the year and even in summer time A slight frost cannot be ruled out. Due to the harsh climate of Vorkuta, growing vegetable crops in open ground impossible. The average annual temperature in the city is -6 degrees. The absolute minimum temperature occurs in December and is -57°C. In summer, the mercury can rise to +33 degrees.

6.

The village (Komi Republic) is competing for the title of the coldest place on Earth. In 1978, record levels of 58 degrees below zero were recorded here. The average temperature of the coldest month (December) is -28 degrees, the warmest (July) is 14°C above zero. A small village of 30 people was located at an altitude of 75 meters above sea level.

5.

The capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the city ranks fifth in the ranking of the coldest places on the planet. Severe Yakut frosts in winter average -40 degrees. Maximum minimum temperature here it can reach 65°C below zero. Winter lasts here for six months - from early October to late April. As for summer, for a northern city there is abnormal heat, which can reach +40°C. The average annual temperature in Yakutsk is 9 degrees below zero. This is one of the largest city settlements located on permafrost territory.

4.

The former station (Greenland) ranks fourth on the list of the coldest places on Earth. In 1930, the lowest temperatures were recorded here, which amounted to -65 degrees. Average temperatures in February are 47 degrees below zero. In July, which is considered the most warm month, the average temperature is – 12°C. The station was located on the Greenland Shield at an altitude of 3010 meters above sea level. It was here that the Greenland expedition of Alfred Wegener was sent in the 30s of the last century, in which many people suffered from frostbite. Alfred Wegener himself died from hypothermia.

3.

The station (Antarctica) reveals the three coldest places on planet Earth. This is where the heaviest are found climatic conditions: low temperatures are observed throughout the year. In 1983, the station officially recorded 89 degrees. The highest temperature was recorded in 1957 and was 13.6 degrees below zero. This area rightfully bears the status of “Pole of Cold”. The most warm months December and January are considered, when the average is -35°C. The station is located at an altitude of 3488 meters above sea level, which does not allow it to bear the title of the coldest place on earth. If the indicators are brought to sea level, then the village of Oymyakon in the Republic of Yakutia becomes the undisputed leader.

2.

The city (Republic of Sakha) is the coldest place on the planet, after the village of Oymyakon. Verkhoyansk is also one of the smallest Russian cities with a population of just over 1,000 people. The most low performance temperatures were recorded here in 1892 and were minus 68 degrees. The city has the official status of “Pole of Cold”. Winters in the city of the Sakha Republic are long, very harsh and cold. In addition, there is an insignificant amount of precipitation, comparable to deserts. Therefore, Verkhoyansk is still one of the cities in Russia with the driest climate. Frosts are possible even in the summer season, which does not last long. The average annual temperature is 18.6 degrees.

1.

The village (Sakha Republic) is officially recognized as the coldest place on Earth. It is one of the “Poles of Cold” on the planet. This is one of the harshest places in the world climate indicators, home to a permanent population of about 500 people. The village is located at an altitude of 745 m above sea level. The absolute minimum temperature here is 64 degrees, but according to some data, a temperature of -78 degrees was recorded in Oymyakon in 1938. Verkhoyansk also claimed to be the coldest place in the world, but according to meteorological data average annual temperature in Oymyakon it is 0.3°C lower than in Verkhoyansk, which allows it to take a leading place.

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