Krupki population. Krupka train schedule. In the difficult conditions of the early twentieth century
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Excerpt characterizing Krupki
A powdery old servant sitting in the waiter's room stood up with a quiet movement and announced in a whisper: "Please."The uniform sounds of the machine could be heard from behind the door. The princess timidly pulled the door that opened easily and smoothly and stopped at the entrance. The prince was working at the machine and, looking back, continued his work.
The huge office was filled with things that were obviously in constant use. A large table on which lay books and plans, tall glass library cabinets with keys in the doors, a high standing writing table on which lay an open notebook, a lathe with tools laid out and shavings scattered around - everything showed a constant, varied and orderly activities. From the movements of his small foot, shod in a Tatar boot embroidered with silver, and from the firm fit of his sinewy, lean hand, one could see in the prince the stubborn and enduring strength of fresh old age. Having made several circles, he took his foot off the pedal of the machine, wiped off the chisel, threw it into a leather pocket attached to the machine, and, going up to the table, called his daughter. He never blessed his children and only, presenting his stubbled, now unshaven cheek to her, said, looking at her sternly and at the same time carefully:
- Are you healthy?... well, sit down!
He took the geometry notebook he had written in his own hand and pushed his chair forward with his foot.
- For tomorrow! - he said, quickly finding the page and marking it from paragraph to paragraph with a hard nail.
The princess bent down on the table over her notebook.
“Wait, the letter is for you,” the old man suddenly said, taking out an envelope written in a woman’s hand from a pocket attached above the table and throwing it on the table.
The princess's face became covered with red spots at the sight of the letter. She hurriedly took it and bent down towards him.
- From Eloise? - asked the prince, showing his still strong and yellowish teeth with a cold smile.
“Yes, from Julie,” said the princess, looking timidly and smiling timidly.
“I’ll miss two more letters, and I’ll read the third,” the prince said sternly, “I’m afraid you’re writing a lot of nonsense.” I'll read the third one.
“At least read this, mon pere, [father,],” answered the princess, blushing even more and handing him the letter.
“Third, I said, third,” the prince shouted briefly, pushing away the letter, and, leaning his elbows on the table, pulled up a notebook with geometry drawings.
“Well, madam,” the old man began, bending close to his daughter over the notebook and placing one hand on the back of the chair on which the princess was sitting, so that the princess felt surrounded on all sides by that tobacco and senile pungent smell of her father, which she had known for so long. . - Well, madam, these triangles are similar; would you like to see, angle abc...
The princess looked fearfully at her father’s sparkling eyes close to her; red spots shimmered across her face, and it was clear that she did not understand anything and was so afraid that fear would prevent her from understanding all her father’s further interpretations, no matter how clear they were. Whether the teacher was to blame or the student was to blame, the same thing was repeated every day: the princess’s eyes grew dim, she saw nothing, heard nothing, she only felt the dry face of her stern father close to her, felt his breath and smell and only thought about how she could quickly leave the office and understand the problem in her own open space.
The old man lost his temper: he pushed the chair he was sitting on with a loud noise, made an effort to not get excited, and almost every time he got excited, cursed, and sometimes threw his notebook.
Krupki- a small city in the north-east of the Minsk region, the administrative center of the Krupsky district, through which the Krupka River flows, flowing into the Bobr River, one of the tributaries. This city is located on the border of the Mogilev and Vitebsk regions on the route of a major international highway M1 Minsk - Moscow. Near Krupki there is the same name railroad station, the distance to the capital of Belarus is about 120 km.
The territory of the district is located within the boundaries of the Orsha Upland and the Central Berezinskaya Plain.
History of development - Krupki
For the first time in written sources, the settlement of Krupka was mentioned on February 25, 1593 in the “Second Walk of Trifon Korobeinikov” from Moscow to Jerusalem, and in 1613 Krupki already appeared on the map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was published in Amsterdam by cartographer T. Makovsky by order of Nicholas Radzivil Orphans. In 1627, Prince Sangushko Symon Samuel gave the town of Krupki with 60 houses to his wife Elena Korvin-Gasevskaya.
In 1793, after the second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Krupki became part of the Bobrsky volost of the Sennen district of the Mogilev province of the Russian Empire. In those days the famous Ekaterininsky tract or old Smolensk road, which was used by many prominent political figures and travelers on their way from the west to Moscow.
During the Napoleonic War of 1812, Krupki was burned by French soldiers. One of the legends says that she drowned in Lake Stoyacheye (Lesnoye). Napoleon's carriage with numerous riches.
From the middle of the 19th century. In the town of Krupki, industry began to develop - a flour mill, a match straw factory, a tannery and an oil mill, and a railway appeared.
In 1917, a small-town Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies was created in Krupki; for 4 years, Krupki was part of the RSFSR; the border of Belarus itself ran through the territory of the modern Krupki district. July 17, 1924 Krupki became the center of the Krupsky district, by the end of the 30s. 37 industrial enterprises operated in the Krupsky district. On February 20, 1938, Krupki became part of the Minsk region, and on September 27, they were given the status of an urban village.
With the onset of war in 1941, the territory of the Krupsky district was occupied by the fascist invaders, where a district government was created to manage the economy. The village was home to the Gestapo, a school for training Gestapo agents and two prisons. Just two kilometers from Krupki there was a concentration camp with a gas chamber. More than two thousand people were killed here during the war years. In 1942, a serious partisan movement, in which about 6 thousand partisans took part. The Krupsky district was completely liberated from the invaders in 3 days during Operation Bagration. Immediately after the liberation, the restoration of the national economy and infrastructure of the region began at a rapid pace.
In 1991, Krupki received the status of a city, and in 1999, it received its own coat of arms - an image of the Krupka River in the form of a silver ribbon, golden beads-grains of the grass “Dubrovna grains” and a water mill wheel in a blue field.
Tourist potential - Krupki
The Krupki district has enormous natural potential for the development of eco-tourism, because on its territory there is one of the most beautiful natural reserves "Selyava" With the cleanest lake, as well as the Proshitsky Swamps trail and many other amazing landscapes, the beauty of which will take your breath away. But not only natural objects The Krupka region is rich; on its territory there are about 15 archeological and historical sites, which are included in State list historical and cultural values of the Republic of Belarus.
The main attraction of Krupki itself is undoubtedly Svyatsky manor house. At the beginning of the 20th century. The last owner of Krupki, Karl Svyatsky, built a manor in the Art Nouveau style in the center of the village and laid out a park. The two-story palace with a tower was not only family nest, but also the center cultural life Krupok, because artistic masterpieces were brought here and even theatrical performances were held. The manor house, outbuilding and part of the park with a driveway made of poplars and larch trees have survived to this day.
Next to the estate is located monument to V.V. Kovalenko- the famous cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union, who was born on the territory of the Krupsky district. In his honor, a museum has been created on the basis of the Khotyukhovskaya secondary school in the Krupsky district, which contains family photographs, documents and awards of the Belarusian cosmonaut, and in Krupki, on the eve of Cosmonautics Day, a republican athletics race is held for the prizes of V.V. Kovalenka. An exposition in Krupshchina is also dedicated to the outstanding native of Krupshchina - the flight suit and training suit of V.V. are presented here. Kovalenka, jacket and cap of the famous pilot, as well as food products for astronauts. The museum itself will introduce visitors to archaeological finds on the territory of the Krupsky district, its nature, ethnography, where you can immerse yourself in the atmosphere of a Belarusian hut, as well as modern history district.
Krupki cannot surprise city guests with ancient temples, but they will be happy to show modern religious sites - Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker And Church of St. Joseph, built at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st centuries.
Krupki is a comfortable city for travelers, where you can visit while driving along the M1 Moscow - Minsk highway. Here special meaning has not architectural objects, but the history itself and outstanding people from Krupshchina. Take a walk through the park, feel proud of the courageous defenders of your Motherland and the first Belarusian cosmonauts, meet a folk weaver, or just relax on the shore of the beautiful Selyavy.
The train schedule for Krupki station displayed on this page is for informational purposes only and does not contain operational changes related to repair work and other circumstances. When planning a trip, it is recommended to check the schedule at the station information desk.
Trains at Krupki station
As of today, the train schedule at Krupki station includes 27 train services. long distance, of which 17 occur daily. Minimum time train parking is 0 hours 1 m (train on the route Orsha-Tsentralnaya - Minsk-Pass.), and the maximum is 0 hours 2 m (flight on the route Grodno - Kommunary). Most trains on the schedule arrive from settlements: Minsk, Orsha, Baranovichi, Moscow at 20:32, 08:01, 19:32, 17:51 respectively. Trains departing from Krupki station follow the following routes - Krupki - Orsha, Krupki - Minsk, Krupki - St. Petersburg, Krupki - Krichev 1 departure at 09:06, 17:53, 20:34, 19:34 respectively. When planning travel, it is worth considering that the schedule of some trains, such as 249B St. Petersburg-Vitebsky - Minsk-Pass. (arrival - 03:27, departure - 03:29), 249B Vitebsk - Baranovichi-Polesskiye (04:04, 04:06 ), 658B Brest-Tsentralny - Murmansk (08:06, 08:08), 761B Orsha-Tsentralnaya - Minsk-Pass. (11:31, 11:32) have a special schedule, so it is recommended to check the schedule for a specific date.
For the first time, a settlement on Krupskaya land, in particular the village of Gorodno, was mentioned in 1517 by the ambassador of the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund Herberstein, in his “Notes on Muscovy”. And in 1575, in the notes of Hans Kantsebl, the town of Krupka itself was found for the first time.
In 1613, the settlement of Krupki appeared on the map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was published in Amsterdam by cartographer T. Makovsky commissioned by Nikolai Radziwill the Orphan. On the map Krupki is marked among the significant towns.
The first more detailed written information about Krupki dates back to 1627. Archival documents mention the fact that Prince Sangushko Symon Samuel gave his wife Elena Korwin-Gasiewska the town of Krypie. There were about 60 “smokes” (so-called courtyards) in the town. And up to late XVIII V. The town is the possession of the Sangushki princes.
The small town began to develop more intensively and gain greater fame in the 17th-19th centuries, when, after the second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793), Krupki became part of the Bobrsky volost of the Sennen district of the Mogilev province of the Russian Empire. The most important route passed through the town of Krupki - the famous Ekaterininsky tract, or as it was also called, the old Smolensk road. Many travelers statesmen passed through Krupki, heading from the West to Moscow and vice versa. The ambassador of the Roman Empire Sigismund Herberstein, the Italian Alexander Gvaninni, the Czech Bernhard Taner, the Russian ambassador P. Tolstoy, the Russian clerk T. Korobeinikov, the Englishman Richard Johnson, the Russian traveler academician V. Severgin, the Russian publisher M. Golovnin passed through Krupki, who noted that On the entire route from Orsha to Brest I found only one “hotel” - in Krupki.
During the Patriotic War of 1812, Krupki was burned by French soldiers.
In the middle of the 19th century. Industry began to develop in the town. The impetus for this was the general industrial boom and, in particular, the appearance of the railway (in November 1871)
In 1859, a flour mill operated in Krupki. At that time it belonged to the nobles Maria and Karl Svyatsky. In 1861, 17 workers produced about 30 thousand pounds of flour per year. Around 1880 we meet in historical materials certificate: “At the village of Kruptsy in the province of Magilyou on Babry there are mills that produce the finest millet flour and call it Krupetskaya albo Krupchatki are transported to the largest cities.” (Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic territories. 1886, vol. 1, p. 258).
In 1865, a church was built in the city on the central square. In the 30s of the twentieth century. the church was destroyed. They say that when the church was demolished, one woman saved a small dome. And now it is located in a new church built at the end of the twentieth century.
In 1896, Karl Svyatsky founded the match straw factory, the largest enterprise in the city at that time. More than 50 workers worked on it. Most products were exported to America.
In 1897, there were 186 households and 1,523 residents in the town. There were a tannery and an oil mill, a post office and telephone office, a parish school, a church, a synagogue, 4 Jewish prayer houses, 24 shops, a tavern, an inn, and a wholesale wine warehouse. Fairs were held on August 29 and December 9.
In 1900, merchant Aron Girshov Kurnik founded a sawmill.
In 1917, the local Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies was created.
From February 26, 1918 to November 21, 1918, Krupki was occupied by German troops.
The BSSR, created in 1920, occupied only 6 povets of the Minsk province. The eastern border of Belarus stretches through the lands of the Krupsky district. Krupki, therefore, were part of the RSFSR for 4 years.
In the difficult conditions of the early twentieth century
In 1924, Krupki became the center of the Krupsky district. It was formed in difficult conditions at the beginning of the twentieth century on July 17, 1924. When the district was formed, the question arose about the regional center and, accordingly, about its name. Actually, there was little choice - between two towns - Bobr and Krupki. They were approximately equal in number of inhabitants. However, Krupki was a more developed industrial center: here, in addition to the Solomka factory, which was quite large at that time, there were other industrial enterprises and artels: pottery and tableware production, tar and oil factories, and a sewing artel. The decision was made in favor of Krupki.
On December 7, 1924, the first regional congress of Soviets was held. For the first time in Krupki, electric lighting was turned on in the hall of the former landowner's house.
In 1925, the party cell in the village of Khotyukhovo was headed by Mikhail Nikolaevich Klimkovich, who then worked as a teacher in local school. We know him primarily as Mikhas Klimkovich, in the future famous writer, Chairman of the Union of Writers of the BSSR, author of a number of poems, poems, libretto of the opera “Kastus Kalinovsky”, ballet “Prince the Lake”, scientific works, translator, literary critic, and, most importantly, author of the National Anthem of the BSSR “We are Belarusians.” His version was recognized as the best among 150 texts submitted to the competition in 1955. M. Klimkovich's text has stood the test of time and formed the basis of the modern National Anthem of the Republic of Belarus.
Following the results of the first agricultural year after the formation of the region, agricultural exhibitions were held in Kholopenichi and Krupki. At this time, the People's Commissar of Agriculture of the BSSR was our fellow countryman, a native of the village of Kolodnitsa, Krupsky district, Dmitry Filimonovich Prishchepov. Under his leadership, a “Five-year long-term plan for the development of forestry and Agriculture BSSR for 1925-1929."
Industrial enterprises were represented, in essence, only by the Solomka match factory named after Stepan Khalturin (now a woodworking plant). It should be noted that at that time the factory was the only enterprise in Belarus that produced match straws that were supplied abroad for export to England, France, and Belgium. There was a sawmill named after Vorovsky, which was located at the Priyamino station, belonged to the railway department, but the current management was carried out by the Krupsky district executive committee, and a sawmill in the village of Ukhvala, which began operating in September 1926 and was in the department of republican forest management.
In just two years, in 1926-1927, an outpatient clinic was built here, new school, a club, a fire station, by this time the power plant began to operate. In 1925, loudspeakers for radio broadcasts were installed in the center of Krupki and Holopenichy.
By 1930, 52 schools were already operating, of which 7 were seven-year schools. In October 1930, the Krupskaya regional library opened.
In the 1920-1930s, Komsomol organizations were active. The youth of Bobr, for example, often organized torchlight processions, and the club staged performances and amateur art concerts.
One of the first in the region, in 1928, was the “May” collective farm in the village of Mayskoye. By March 1930, 52 collective farms had been created in the region.
In 1933, 2 timber mills began producing products in the region - in Krupki and Bobr, two flax mills - in the village of Khotyukhovo and in the village of Obchuga; in Obchuga there was a plant for the production of wooden nails for shoemakers. In 1932, the Krupsky flax plant began operating, producing high-quality flax fiber. In 1933, a creamery was built. All of them had small power plants in operation. In 1934 in Ukhvala on the river. A power station was built in Mozha; in addition, a large mechanized timber removal center began operating in this village. In 1933, the Udarnik cooperage artel was formed. By the end of the 30s, 37 industrial enterprises operated in the area, including flax mills in Obchuga, Krupki, Khotyukhovo, timber mills, creameries, resin factories, distilleries, pottery, brick, logging factories, and the Solomka factory. The energy base consisted of power plants in Khotyukhovo, Krupki, Bobr, Kholopenichy, and Ukhvala. Accordingly, electrification of the regional center and the villages surrounding the power plant was carried out.
Gradually turned into an industrial and Cultural Center district of the village of Krupki. By the mid-30s, the Solomka factory named after S. Khalturin, a flax factory, a pottery factory, a tar factory, a bakery, a mill, several industrial cooperatives, a power plant operated here; in the regional center there was also a cultural center, a library, a radio center, a hotel, a cinema, several shops, a veterinary college, high school, two junior high schools, one of them Jewish, a hospital, a pharmacy. In total, more than 2 thousand people lived in the regional center at that time. Gradually changed and appearance village In 1935, its landscaping was carried out. In 1935, the construction of the monument to V.I. began using the method of popular construction. Lenin. By joint efforts, by May 1, 1936, the monument was opened. During the war it was destroyed and only in 1955 a new sculpture of the leader was installed near the building of the district executive committee. In 1932, a highway was built through the territory of the district, including the regional center. The building was built in the pre-war years railway station Krupka, which made it possible to significantly improve passenger service and cargo transportation.
In 1934, the Minsk-Vitebsk air route opened through Kholopenichi, Senno, and Beshenkovichi. Accordingly, an airfield was built near the Kholopenichi metro station and thus residents of the village and other settlements in the region could fly to the capital by passenger flight within an hour. In general, considerable attention was paid to aviation at this time. The company, created in 1927, played a major role in its development. mass organization Osoaviakhim. In Krupki, a gliding circle of the Orsha Aviation Club was formed, which had its own glider “In the Name of the Komsomol of Krupshchina,” purchased with funds raised by the youth. The collection of money was started by Komsomol members of the editorial office of the regional newspaper and the regional communications center, then they were supported by other work collectives and schools in the region. The legendary pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union Vasily Aleksandrovich Knyazev, a native of Bobr, began his journey to immortality from the Vitebsk flying club. It is possible that it was M. Krupka’s gliding circle that helped our other famous fellow countryman from the station rise into the sky. Krupka, pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Yakovlevich Zaitsev.
To popularize air sports, the editors of the Zvyazda newspaper and the Minsk Aero Club organized a flight of propaganda planes to the Krupsky district in September 1935. In addition to propaganda work, this flight was used as a kind of encouragement for the leaders of production: collective farmers-shock workers received the right to take off on an airplane as passengers and take a lap of honor over their native places. The repeated arrival of propaganda planes has already been used to reward the best school students.
By 1940, a new postal and telegraph communications building was built. Telephone wires connected the regional center with 28 settlements in the region.
Since 1931, the regional newspaper “Kamunistychny Shlyakh” began to be published.
The demonstration of films began in the area, first silent, and from 1935 sound films. There was a permanent cinema in Krupki, opened in 1932.
A veterinary technical school was opened in Krupki, the first secondary specialized institution in Krupshchina. There, 9 teachers trained 115 future agricultural specialists. In the village of Ukhvala there was also a fairly large specialized educational institution - a factory training school. Over 300 people studied there. Forestry specialists were trained here.
In the pre-war years, the network of medical institutions expanded significantly. A significant success in the development of a network of medical institutions in the region in the 30s was the opening of paramedic and obstetric centers in a number of villages.
On February 20, 1938, Krupki became part of the Minsk region, and on September 27 of the same year, Krupki was given the status of an urban village.
During the Great Patriotic War
The fighting took place directly on the territory of the Krupsky district on July 4–8. At this time, to the north of Krupki in the area of the villages of Vydritsa and Ukhvala defensive battles 100th rifle division under the command of Major General I.M. Russiyanov. Fierce fights also deployed along the main Minsk-Moscow highway. Here the soldiers of the 1st Moscow Proletarian Army bravely held the defense motorized rifle division led by Colonel Ya.G. Cruiser. Fierce fighting took place at the turn of the Nacha River, in the outskirts of the settlement. Krupki, on the Bobr River. At dawn on July 4, the division stretched out over 25 km and took up defensive positions on the eastern bank of the Nacha River.
On July 9, 1941, the territory of the region was occupied by the Nazis. She entered the rear zone of Army Group Center.
On July 18, 1941, the fascists created the Krupskaya district government to deal with economic activity. The entire region was divided into 14 volosts headed by burgomasters; village elders commanded the villages. The Nazis were not going to manage our land at all. In fact, power did not belong to the government, but to the German military command. In Krupki there was a Gestapo, which was located on the street. Pushkin, he had a prison with him. The second prison was located near the commandant’s office, which was on the site of the modern House of Culture. Gestapo units were located in Krupki, Kholopenichy, prisons were equipped, two kilometers from Krupki there was a concentration camp where a gas chamber car was installed. During the war years, more than two thousand people were killed there. There was also a school for training Gestapo agents in Krupki. A reward of 13 pounds of salt was promised for a captured partisan, and 5 pounds of salt for identifying persons associated with the partisans. The garrisons and police apparatus, as well as SS troops, became the armed support of the occupation regime. The garrisons were located primarily near strategic roads and highways. Usually the garrison numbered about a hundred people, but there were also large garrisons. For example, in Krupki – 400, in Bobr – 120 people. In the first months of the occupation, mass extermination of the Jewish population was carried out. On September 18, 1941, 1,975 residents of Krupki were killed near the village of Lebedevo, in Bobr - 961 residents of Bobr, near Kholopenichy - 2,700 residents of the village. Kholopenichi and the village of Shamki. At the same time, a decree was adopted that provided for the mobilization of the working population for use in work in the rear or in Germany. During the years of occupation, many young people were taken from the Krupsky region to Germany.
Since 1942, a wide partisan movement began, partisan zones were created, and since 1943, the Soviet front approached the borders of Belarus. Residents were prohibited from coming within 100 meters of railway, entering the railway station building, walking from village to village, a curfew was established from 18:30 to 5:00 am. For violating it they were shot. Partisan detachments were created. They were organized by people around him and local residents. One of the first such detachments was a group of encirclement led by S.G. Zhunin. They were joined by local residents and a group of Red Army soldiers. This is how the “Sergei” detachment was created. Somewhat later, the groups of Kulikov, Mozheika, and Gursky arose and began to operate. They became the core of the 8th Kruglyanskaya partisan brigade. On the territory of the Tolochinsky district in July 1941, a partisan detachment of V.S., organized from among commanders and Red Army soldiers, began to operate. Leonova. He laid the foundation for the Sennen Brigade. In April 1942, a group of residents of the village of Vydritsa created a detachment named after Voroshilov. F.V. was elected his commander. Yudanova. Partisan detachments were also created on the basis of groups from among the NKVD workers, who were sent to enemy lines for sabotage work. Group A.Ya. Vasilevsky, having entered the battle with the Nazis, was shot.
A sabotage group of E.F. was parachuted into the area. Kolesova. It consisted of 12 girls. Behind a short time from May to September 1942, the group blew up a railway bridge, 4 enemy echelons, 7 echelons together with other sabotage groups, 3 vehicles, and participated in the defeat of six garrisons. On September 11, 1942, during the defeat of the Vydritsky garrison, Elena Kolesova died. She was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Today the name of this courageous girl is borne by the pioneer squad of the State Educational Institution “Krupskaya Regional Gymnasium”. The partisans began to be treated as regular troops, part of the Red Army, which operated behind enemy lines. Large partisan forces were in the area of the village of Ukhvala. The commander of the 8th brigade was S.G. Zhunin. During the war, brigade detachments that operated in Krupshchina defeated 9 police garrisons and attacked 4 garrisons. The main attention of all partisan detachments and sabotage groups attracted by the Minsk-Moscow highway. During the three years of occupation, 159 acts of sabotage were committed in a short section between the settlements of Krasnovka and Priyamino. The partisans did enormous damage to the Nazis, especially on the railways. The section between Orsha and Borisov was considered especially dangerous. Not a day passed when one or more acts of sabotage were not committed. The rail war led to the fact that railway traffic was stopped at night. A native of the Krupsky district, A.S., especially distinguished himself in military operations on the railway. Lukashevich. S.G. talks about his feat. Zhunin in the book “From the Dnieper to the Bug”. November 13, 1943 A.S. Lukashevich was ambushed and, being seriously wounded, blew himself and his enemies up with a grenade. A.S. Lukashevich was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In the first half of 1944, Leonov’s brigade blew up 22 trains and 46 vehicles. A complex operation to destroy the bridge across the river. Essa was carried out by partisans of the Bogushevskaya zone on March 11, 1944. The bridge was fortified with 4 bunkers and was seriously guarded by a garrison. Dressed in women's clothing, the partisans were able to outwit the Germans and blew up the bridge.
Thus, during the years of occupation, 6 thousand partisans operated in the region. In three years they blew up 134 enemy trains, 89 vehicles, 9 bridges, and destroyed 8 garrisons. According to the data sent to the BTsShPR, about 10 thousand fascists were killed or wounded in the region. According to historians, the scale of the actions of the Belarusian partisans has no analogues in the history of the war. The partisans could not operate effectively without the help and support of the population. Almost every village had messengers who conveyed information about the movements of enemies. There were underground groups in Krupki, Kholopenichy, Nacha, Lyutykh, Obchug, Toporischi, Khotyukhovo and other settlements. The underground workers and messengers had to work in very difficult conditions in an enemy environment. Having no experience of conspiracy, many fell under suspicion, were subjected to arrests, and violence. 237 natives of the region, messengers and underground workers, were shot, many were sent to prisons and concentration camps, from which not all returned.
The liberation of the Krupsky district took place during Operation Bagration. One of the lines of defense for the Nazis was the crossing of the Bobr River near the village of Bobr. On the morning of June 27, 1944, at 7 a.m., the offensive of the Red Army strike groups began. The tankers started a battle on the eastern outskirts of the village. Before 16 o'clock Beaver was cleared of the enemy. The decisive stage in the liberation of the Krupsky region came on June 28, 1944. By morning the battle moved into the forest on the western bank of the river. In this battle, the detective officer of the 19th Tank Brigade, Lieutenant Vasily Mikhailovich Chebotarev, accomplished his feat (he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union). By evening the battle moved to the area of the village of Shkornevka. At the same time, the noose of encirclement gradually tightened near the village of Krupki. By evening, the regional center of Krupki was liberated, the second day of liberation of the region was ending. At the end of the third day of fighting, the territory of the Krupsky district was cleared of invaders.
During the Great Patriotic War, 7,371 people died in Krupshchina. 10 and partially 12 villages were burned completely. However, no atrocities of fascism could break the fighting spirit of the people. 2614 Krupsk residents were awarded orders and medals.
From the first days of liberation, the restoration of the national economy began in the city. In the fall of 1944, an industrial plant, a tannery and brick factories, MTS, radio center, telephone and telegraph station, district hospital, Orphanage. In the post-war period, a department store, a cultural store, a bookstore, a bakery, a cinema, production workshops for district agricultural equipment, a fruit and vegetable plant, schools, etc. were built. A new hospital was built in the 1980s.
Modernity
In May 1991, the urban village of Krupki received city status. In 1999, the coat of arms of the city of Krupka was approved, on which the Krupka River, which flows through the entire city and then flows into the Beaver River, is depicted in a blue field with a silver ribbon; golden beads-grains of oak grass; water mill wheel, which is a kind of business card town of Krupki during the XVII-XIX centuries.
The administrative-territorial division of the district includes 1 city (Krupki), 2 urban villages (Kholopenichi and Bobr), 231 rural settlements, which are divided into 7 village councils: Igrushkovsky, Krupsky, Oktyabrsky, Ukhvalsky, Khotyukhovsky, Bobrsky and Kholopenichsky.
The Krupsky district today is a land of hardworking people who have brought many plans and projects to life. Our region is developing dynamically and has good production and human potential. Today, the basis of the region's economy is agricultural production. It specializes in dairy and meat farming, growing grain, potatoes and flax. The strategic direction in the development of the agro-industrial complex is technical re-equipment and modernization. New production facilities with a high degree of labor mechanization are being created on farms, new technologies are being introduced, the connection between science and production is being strengthened, and modern high-performance equipment is being purchased.
Efficient management and technological production are demonstrated by the largest diversified agricultural enterprise - JSC Klenovichi. There is constant work on diversified development, there is a constant process of reconstruction, modernization and construction. This allows for efficient agricultural production and the creation of decent conditions for people’s work, life and everyday life.
The industrial complex includes enterprises various shapes property. And they show good results. Competent business planning and the ability to work for the future allow us to constantly increase the production of marketable products at Turshovka OJSC. Its main types are peat for preparing composts, high-moor peat, which is exported to Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Germany and even Greece, lump peat, nutrient soils. The enterprise's base has been updated, and the development of milling fields for the extraction of export peat is actively underway. At the same time, the company has opened a baking workshop bakery products, greenhouses were built for growing vegetables. Now the joint-stock company is working on the implementation of new promising export-oriented projects.
Amkodor-Mozha LLC is one of the region’s revenue-generating enterprises. ZSK, grain dryers, heat generators and air heaters for different types fuel, as well as haystack trucks and road rollers – the products are serious, high-quality and in demand. Today this enterprise has become one of largest producers grain cleaning and drying complexes in Belarus. Plants with shaft-type dryers with a capacity of 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 planned tons per hour are produced here. These kind of mini-workshops for post-harvest grain processing are the only complexes of such power that run on all types of fuel, including wood and rapeseed oil. Grain cleaning and drying complexes consist almost entirely of parts and assemblies own production and in terms of basic technical and operational parameters are at the level of foreign analogues.
OJSC Krupsky Flax Mill works effectively to improve the quality and increase the profitability of its products. Cultivation of flax, harvesting and primary processing of flax trust, production and sale of flax fiber - all types of work are performed with high quality. The subject of special pride is the mechanized detachment, which is provided with all the necessary equipment for growing flax. Strict adherence to flax growing technology, professionalism and skill of workers, competent management of the enterprise ensured the stable position of an open joint stock company, which for many years has maintained the status of one of the best flax mills not only in the region, but also in the country.
The Kholopenichsky branch of Zdravushka-milk OJSC is an enterprise with rich experience in its industry; it has been producing dairy products for more than 40 years. Now it's modern enterprise specializing in production butter, casein and hard rennet cheeses. In recent years, production has been reconstructed and modernized, and a French line with a capacity of 10 tons of cheese per day was put into operation. With the introduction of the cheese production line, the entire process has become practically automated.
The protection and cultivation of forests is carried out by the State Forestry Institution “Krupsky Forestry Enterprise” and the State Forestry Institution “Krupsky Military Forestry Enterprise”. Krupsky forestry enterprise is one of the largest forestry institutions in the region. The total area of the forestry enterprise is 96 thousand hectares, of which 85.6 thousand hectares are forested. The structure of the State Forestry Institution “Krupsky Military Forestry” includes units located in four districts of three regions.
The main direction of development of the district's construction industry is to provide the population with housing, develop engineering infrastructure, and construct industrial and social facilities. A powerful production base has been created and operates in the branch of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Minskobldorstroy" - "DRSU No. 164". Modern technology for the construction and operation of roads, an asphalt concrete plant, an accredited testing laboratory, and a professional team make it possible to maintain more than 700 km of roads and 25 bridges.
The trouble-free operation of the region's gas supply systems and the uninterrupted supply of blue fuel to the population is carried out by the Krupsky natural and liquefied gas workshop. The efficient work of gas workers contributes to comfort in homes and the rhythmic operation of production facilities. The branch "Automobile Park No. 16" is a successful motor transport enterprise. It provides a wide range of services to both legal entities and individuals.
Has been involved in transit and transportation for three and a half decades natural gas to domestic and foreign consumers Krupskaya management main gas pipelines. Now it is a branch of OJSC Gazprom Transgaz Belarus. Along with gas transportation, Krupskoye UMG ensures gasification of populated areas of the country through gas pipelines, as a result of which blue fuel is uninterruptedly supplied to a variety of enterprises, schools and hospitals, and a huge number of homes of Belarusians. In the area of responsibility of Krupsky UMG there are 17 regions of the country, 13 in the Vitebsk and 4 in the Minsk regions, 22 gas distribution stations and two automobile gas-filling compressor stations. The branch supplies gas to the main electricity producer of Belarus - the Novolukoml State District Power Plant, as well as the Polotsk, Novopolotsk and Zhodino thermal power plants, the largest enterprises in the country - NPO Naftan, the production associations Polymir and Steklovolokno, the flagship of the domestic mechanical engineering - BelAZ.
Trade services for residents of the area are provided by 160 retail outlets and 10 auto shops. Started construction works on a number of new objects.
16 types household services provides to Krupsk residents the Kupsky Industrial Complex consumer services", the company is a regular participant in various fairs in the district, region and capital.
Much attention is paid in the region social protection and protection of public health, quality education, work to preserve and promote the Belarusian national culture, development of youth organizations.
Unique natural resources Our region is rich in original traditions and cultural values; tourist sites and recreation centers hospitably invite you to visit us.
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